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There are many stone religious artifacts which have been found in Haiti. The zemi take on strange forms like toads, turtles, snakes, alligators and various distorted and hideous human faces.

Religion

Advances such as writing, epigraphy, and the calendar did not originate with the Maya; however, their civilization fully developed them. Maya influence can be detected from Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador and to as far as central Mexico, more than 1000 km (625 miles) from the Maya area.

Navigation plans

Christopher Columbus

Santa María

Christopher Columbus was born between August 25 and October 31, 1451 in Genoa, part of modern Italy

La Niña

La Pinta

Funding campaign

Navigation plans

Second voyage

Third voyage

Fourth voyage

Christopher Columbus

Contemporary painting of Hernán Cortés.

Map depicting Cortés' invasion route

Emperor Charles V with Hound (1532), a painting by the 16th century artist Jakob Seisenegger.

Monument in Mexico City known as "Monumento al Mestizaje.

When the Governor of Cuba sent emissaries to arrest Cortés, he fought them and won, using the extra troops as reinforcements.

Born in Medellín, Extremadura, Spain, to a family of lesser nobility, Cortés chose to pursue a livelihood in the New World.

While the Inca often tolerated or incorporated the religions of their conquered ayllus they also imposed a state religion upon them. The Inca empire was a theocracy in which the Inca king, Sapa Inca, was the descendant of Inti, the sun god. The Inca required tribute, especially before and after battle, to certain gods. Regular and general festivals punctuated the labors of the empire's subjects with food drink and entertainments. Inti Raymi, the festival of the sun god, lasted nine nights, during which Sapa Inca would provide Aqhachicha, a maize beer, to first Inti, then himself, then the nobles, and finally to all people who attended.

inca education

During the inca education

it begun when the boy became 16 years old and it last from three to four years of heavy training;

Tomb of Galileo Galilei, Santa Croce

Galileo also worked in applied science and technology, improving compass design.

Galileo made original contributions to the science of motion through an innovative combination of experiment and mathematics

Galileo Galilei (15 February 1564[2] – 8 January 1642)[1][3] was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher

On 7 January 1610 Galileo observed with his telescope what he described at the time as "three fixed stars, totally invisible

Aryabhata, 5th century, developed a computational planetary model which has been interpreted as heliocentric

To anyone who stands and looks at the sky, it seems clear that the Earth stays in one place while everything in the sky rises and sets or goes around once every day.

To anyone who stands and looks at the sky, it seems clear that the Earth stays in one place while everything in the sky rises and sets or goes around once every day.

Kak interprets this to mean that the Sun is stationary, hence the Earth is moving around it. A more common interpretation, however, is that the Sun "never actually sets or rises" because it was believed to have two sides: one light and one dark. Consequently, when the sun reaches the western horizon, it simply flips on itself and invisibly returns to its original place in a continuous cycle

. From his estimates, he concluded that the Sun was six to seven times wider than the Earth and thus hundreds of times more voluminous

Claudius Ptolemy

Claudius Ptolemy

Although the basic tenets of Greek geocentrism were established by the time of Aristotle, the details of his system did not become standard. This honor was reserved for the Ptolemaic system, espoused by the Hellenistic astronomer Claudius Ptolemaeus in the 2nd century AD. His main astronomical book, the Almagest, was the culmination of centuries of work by Hellenic, Hellenistic and Babylonian astronomers; it was accepted for over a millennium as the correct cosmological model by European and Islamic astronomers. Because of its influence, the Ptolemaic system is sometimes considered identical with the geocentric model.

From the 12th century Valley of Mexico was the core of Aztec civilization: here the capital of the Aztec Triple Alliance, the city of Tenochtitlan, was built upon raised islets in Lake Texcoco

Aztec" refers exclusively to the people of Tenochtitlan

inhabitants of Tenochtitlan's two principal allied city-states, the Acolhuas of Texcoco and

Columbus and his brother Bartholomew as well as Alonso de Hojeda undertook a series of military expeditions all over the island. Villages that could not pay the tribute imposed on the Taino were brutally repressed.