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But this wealth of data raises an important question -- who owns our reputation? Shouldn't our hard-earned online status be portable? If you're a SuperHost on Airbnb, shouldn't you be able to use that reputation to, say, get a loan, or start selling on Etsy?

The difference today is our ability to capture data from across an array of digital services. With every trade we make, comment we leave, person we "friend", spammer we flag or badge we earn, we leave a trail of how well we can or can't be trusted.

An aggregated online reputation having a real-world value holds enormous potential

peer-to-peer marketplaces, where a high degree of trust is required between strangers; and where a traditional approach based on disjointed information sources is currently inefficient, such as recruiting.

opportunity to reinvent the way people found jobs through online reputation

"It's not about your credit, but your credibility," King says.

At the heart of Movenbank is a concept call CRED.

"People are currently underusing their networks and reputation," King says. "I want to help people to understand and build their influence and reputation, and think of it as capital they can put to good use."

Social scientists have long been trying to quantify the value of reputation.

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the researchers monitored brain activity

"The implication of our study is that different types of reward are coded by the same currency system." In other words, our brains neurologically compute personal reputation to be as valuable as money.

Personal reputation has been a means of making socioeconomic decisions for thousands of years. The difference today is that network technologies are digitally enabling the trust we used to experience face-to-face -- meaning that interactions and exchanges are taking place between total strangers.

Trust and reputation become acutely important in peer-to-peer marketplaces such as WhipCar and Airbnb, where members are taking a risk renting out their cars or their homes.

When you are trading peer-to-peer, you can't count on traditional credit scores. A different measurement is needed. Reputation fills this gap because it's the ultimate output of how much a community trusts you.

Welcome to the reputation economy, where your online history becomes more powerful than your credit history.

Presently, reputation data doesn't transfer between verticals.

A wave of startups, including Connect.Me, TrustCloud, TrustRank, Legit and WhyTrusted, are trying to solve this problem by designing systems that correlate reputation data. By building a system based on "reputation API" -- a combination of a user's activity, ratings and reviews across sites -- Legit is working to build a service that gives users a score from zero to 100. In trying to create a universal metric for a person's trustworthiness, they are trying to "become the credit system of the sharing economy", says Jeremy Barton, the 27-year-old San Francisco-based cofounder of Legit.

trusted to pay on time

PeerIndex, Kred and Klout,

are measuring social influence, not reputation. "Influence measures your ability to drag someone into action,"

"Reputation is an indicator of whether a person is good or bad and, ultimately, are they trustworthy?"

Early influence and reputation aggregators will undoubtedly learn by trial and error -- but they will also face the significant challenge of pioneering the use of reputation data in a responsible way. And there's a challenge beyond that: reputation is largely contextual, so it's tricky to transport it to other situations.

Many of the ventures starting to make strides in the reputation economy are measuring different dimensions of reputation.

reputation is a measure of knowledge

a measure of trust

a measure of propensity to pay

measure of influence

Reputation capital is not about combining a selection of different measures into a single number -- people are too nuanced and complex to be distilled into single digits or binary ratings.

It's the culmination of many layers of reputation you build in different places that genuinely reflect who you are as a person and figuring out exactly how that carries value in a variety of contexts.

The most basic level is verification of your true identity

reliability and helpfulness

do what we say we are going to do

respect another person's property

His company, and other reputation ventures, face some big challenges if they are to become, effectively, the PayPal of trust. The most obvious is coming up with algorithms that can't be easily gamed or polluted by trolls. And then there's the critical hurdle of convincing online marketplaces not just to open up their reputation vaults, but create a standardised format for how they frame and collect reputation data. "We think companies will share reputation data for the same reasons banks give credit data to credit bureaux," says Rob Boyle, Legit cofounder and CTO. "It is beneficial for one company to give up their slice of reputation data if in return they get access to the bigger picture: aggregated data from other companies."

we will be able to perform a Google- or Facebook-like search and see a picture of a person's behaviour in many different contexts, over a length of time. Slivers of data that have until now lived in secluded isolation online will be available in one place. Answers on Quora, reviews on TripAdvisor, comments on Amazon, feedback on Airbnb, videos posted on YouTube, social groups joined, or presentations on SlideShare; as well as a history and real-time stream of who has trusted you, when, where and why. The whole package will come together in your personal reputation dashboard, painting a comprehensive, definitive picture of your intentions, capabilities and values.

idea of global reputation

By the end of the decade, a good online reputation could be the most valuable currency in your possession.

the owner-centric model

permission of a specific ‘owner’ who has to defend the integrity of his module.

different assumptions and effects.

The free-form model connotes more of a sense that all users are on the “same level," and that expertise will be universally recognized and deferred to

the creator of an entry is spared the trouble of reviewing every change before it is integrated, as well as the need to perform the integration

the owner-centric authority model assumes the owner is the de facto expert in the topic at hand,

and all others must defer to them.

the owner must review all modification proposals, and take the time to integrate the good ones.

The owner-centric model is better for quality, but takes more time, while the free-form model increases scope of coverage and is very fast.

'equipotentiality'

rules are generated within the community itself, though mostly in the early phases. After a while, they tend to consolidate and they are a given for the new participants who come later

a process of socialization is crucial to eventual acceptance . The process is akin to the tradition of artisanship, which has been used in the three-degree system of original freemasonry as well: apprentice, companion (fellow craft), master. But it is implied rather than formalized.

Crucial to the success of many collaborative projects is their implementation of the reputation schemes.

0–4-N force range

errors of 0.13 N (<3.2%)

MINIMALLY invasive surgery (MIS)

surgeons lose the critical sense of touch during MIS because instruments are passed through ports that mask the surgeon's feel of the internal operating environment.

business

government

education

research

The old economic paradigm was a service economy built on the digital communications revolution that began in the early 1970′s.

financial capital has decoupled from productive capital

financial meltdown

major societal institutions have stalled

the funding models

no longer work properly

The new model is the Open Collaboration Paradigm

we will see a radical departure from old institutional models.

social capital is increasingly recognized

generating wealth for society

This will be a profoundly social economy, built on unprecedented capabilities to self-organize people and resources in the crowd.

Social media

connect ideas, people, and institutions

blur the inside/outside distinctions

Network connections

radical transparency will be the new norm

Another profound shift will occur in the realm of ownership

No longer

viable

to horde intellectual property

 Collaborative consumption will arise as a more robust business paradigm,

risk is distributed

implications for business

 Those who can leverage the wisdom of crowds for market research, product development, and efficient resource allocation will be more adept and agile in the face of rapid change.

Those who build walls around themselves will fail to tap into the flow of knowledge and resources running rampant in the crowd

governments will have to become more transparent and responsive to their citizens

information becomes more immersive and dynamic

Research has already begun to use open collaboration that goes beyond the halls of academia.

collaborative approach to research will become the norm,

The era of “user generated content” and “prosumption” — where consumers of goods and services co-create what they will consume — is now a decade along in its evolution.  We will increasingly see collaborative design and production of consumables across society.

In the education arena, we will see more curricula as shareware and an increased emphasis on multi-perspective teamwork as the necessary skills for engaging in collaborative projects.

Expert/amateur boundaries have already blurred to the point where individuals can acquire graduate-level knowledge through self-directed learning on the internet.

distance learning

 Lifetime learning

active pedagogy

So get ready for the new economic paradigm.

run directly on Google servers in order to provide direct access to the products they control.

can also use Google Apps Script from Google Sites

Google Apps Script Template Gallery

Google Apps Script Blog

guide contains the information you need to use Google Apps Script, a server-side scripting language, based on JavaScript, that runs on Google's servers alongside Google Apps

enable varying degrees of interactivity among the applications

easy enough to use that you don't have to be a programmer to create scripts.

use it to automate complex tasks within Google Apps

You don't have to be a programmer to use Google Apps Script

A script is a series of instructions you write in a computer language to accomplish a particular task. You type in the instructions and save them as a script. The script runs only under circumstances you define.

The Google Apps Script API provides a set of objects. You can use these objects and their associates methods to access Google Docs and Spreadsheets, Gmail, Google Finance, and other Google applications.

To run a script, you must first add the script to a Google Spreadsheet or Google Site using the Script Editor.

You can retrieve information from a wide selection of Google Apps and Services and from external sources, including web pages and XML sources. You can use Google Apps Script to create email, spreadsheets, pages on Google Sites, and files in the Google Docs Document List.

The instructions in a script are grouped into functions.

objects

methods

for such tasks

Create pages on a Google Site

Customize a Spreadsheet

Send email based on information in a Spreadsheet

You can manipulate

numeric

financial

string

an XML document

controlling data in the following applications

Spreadsheets

Google Document List

Contacts

Calendar

Sites

Google Maps

create and display interactive user interface elements

interact with relational database management systems

create folders, subfolders, and files in the Google Docs document list

access to user, session, and browser information

access to web services

extract data from XML documents and then manipulate that data

obtain translations of text from one language to another

send email

UrlFetch services

encode and decode strings and format dates

store properties on a per-script and per-user basis

create, delete and update contact information for individuals and for groups in Google Contacts

Install

Close

Choose a script and click Run

The onOpen function adds the Finance menu and the menu item Get Stock to the Spreadsheet

the onOpen() function

code function onOpen() declares the function and its name

code between the curly braces is the code that performs actions when you run the onOpen() function

the SpreadsheetApp.getActiveSpreadsheet method to obtain a spreadsheet object representing the currently-active spreadsheet.

invoking methods on ss, the script can manipulate the currently-active spreadsheet.

method is code that is associate exclusively with a class and performs a particular task on objects of that class

insert the column headers into the corresponding cells

the getRange() method

setValue() method

identify

arguments

You use arguments to pass data to a method.

String data

is in quotation marks

line var row = 2; creates a variable row with an initial value of 2

a counter

while (true) loop

if loop

if (!symbol) break; causes the script to exit from the while loop when there is no stock symbol in the variable symbol

The exclamation point states a negative (not) condition

continues to run, incrementing the row each time until it reaches an empty row

the break causes the script to exit from the loop and finish.

To comment out the code, put two forward slashes at the beginning of each line:

You can perform the following tasks from the Script Editor.

pening, deleting, renaming, and saving scripts

Cutting, copying, and pasting text

Find and replace

Setting a time zone

scripts with time-based triggers

Running functions

Viewing log messages

revision history

write pseudocode first

When you're planning a script

narrative version of what the script needs to do.

A particular script is associated with one and only one Google Spreadsheet.

If you make a copy of the Spreadsheet, the script is also copied.

A particular Spreadsheet can have multiple scripts associated with it.

use the onOpen event handler in more than one script associated with a particular Spreadsheet, all scripts begin to execute when you open the Spreadsheet and the order in which the scripts are executed is indeterminate.

event handler is a function executed when a particular event takes place.

see Running Scripts in Response to an Event.

A script cannot currently call or create another script and cannot call functions in another script.

If you want to store the results of a function, you must copy them into a spreadsheet cell.

You can trigger Apps Script events from links that are embedded in a Google Site. For information about how to do this, see Using Apps Scrip in Your Ssite.

You can insert a script into a Site as a gadget.

you must grant permission for the script to run as a service.

You also designate whether only you can invoke the service or whether all members of your domain can invoke the service.

you can assign functions within the script any arbitrary name.

The instructions in a function must be enclosed within curly braces.

event handler

when a spreadsheet is opened,

when a script is installed

when a spreadsheet is edited

at times you choose

menu item

Using a drawing or button embedded in a Spreadsheet

Using a custom function that is referenced as a Spreadsheet function

Clicking the Run button

object-oriented programming languages

Google Apps Script uses the JavaScript language.

Operations

are performed using the objects and methods described in the API documentation.

An API provides pre-packaged code for standard tasks you need to accomplish in scripts or programs.

API includes objects that you use to accomplish tasks such as sending email, creating calendar entries

A method describes the behavior of an object and is a function attached to an object.

MailApp

use to create and send email

To send email, you invoke the sendEmail method and provide values for the method arguments.

Google Apps Script can access or retrieve data in different formats in different ways.

A custom function

is called directly from a cell in a Spreadsheet using the syntax =myFunctionName()

they cannot set values outside the cells

have some restrictions not shared by other functions

cannot send email

cannot operate on a Google Site

cannot perform any operations that require user authorization

cannot perform any operations that require knowledge of who the user

onInstall function

onOpen function

Other functions run when you run them manually or when they are triggered by clicking

Custom functions and formulas in the spreadsheet execute any time the entire Spreadsheet is evaluated or when the data changes in the function or formula's cell.

share the Spreadsheet

publish the script to the Script Gallery

spreadsheet template

the color coding for that line will not be correct

A script with incorrect syntax or other errors does not run.

The Script Editor includes a debugger.

view the current state of variables and objects created by a script while that script runs.

step through the code line by line as it executes or set breakpoints

The debugger does not work with custom functions, onEdit functions, event triggers, or scripts running as a service.

use the debugger to find errors in scripts that are syntactically correct but still do not function correctly.

Functions ending in an underscore (_), for example, internalStuff_(), are treated differently from other functions. You do not see these function in the Run field in the Script Editor and they do not appear in the Script Manager in the Spreadsheet. You can use the underscore to indicate that users should not attempt to run the function and the function is available only to other functions.