Lightweight, compact-folding wheelchairs for children, teenagers, and young adults let go anywhere, while still ensuring proper positioning and support. Going to school, appointments and even on vacation is possible with the convenient, lightweight design. Just fold it up and put it in trunk. Foldable Wheelchair by features a powder coat steel frame with durable nylon upholstery and padded armrests. Composite mag wheels with maintenance-free bearings and composite handrims make for a smooth ride. As with anything with moveable parts, the folding wheelchair is not as durable as the rigid frame wheelchair. Therefore maintenance is required more frequently to keep all parts in good working order.
Before purchasing a wheelchair, consider all activity level. If traveling often, and need a highly-portable option, a folding lightweight wheelchair may be. Lightweight wheelchairs provide convenience and comfort to the user and caregiver alike and are often built using materials like aluminum and titanium alloy, while foldable wheelchairs allow for easy storage and transport. Merge the two styles, and got a great mobility aid that isn't a pain to lug around. Folding wheelchairs also have removable foot rests which allow for easy folding. Most frames are made from aluminum or titanium and are heavier than the rigid frame.
wheelchair is designed to fit the body of the user, while the primary design of the folding wheelchair is to fold. Folding wheelchairs are generally more "boxy" while rigid wheelchairs conform to the shape of the body. This means it can hold the users body in place by tapering the frame and seat. The folding wheelchair cannot be tapered or it would not close completely.
Features:
Powder coat steel frame.
Durable nylon upholstery.
Composite mag wheels with maintenance-free bearings.
Composite footplates.
Padded armrests.
Composite handrims.
Maximum weight capacity.
Androgen deprivation therapy was found to decrease lean muscle mass and increase abdominal adipose tissue, not visceral. Significant change in body composition in men depleted of androgens in androgen deprivation therapy.
Abstract only available due to pre-release. Cysteine and glycine supplementation feed the glutathione pathways. In HIV men, this improved insulin sensitivity, body composition, and muscle strength.
The gut microbiota participates in the body’s metabolism by affecting energy balance, glucose metabolism, and low-grade inflammation associated with obesity and related metabolic disorders
Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes represent the two largest phyla in the human and mouse microbiota and a shift in the ratio of these phyla has been associated with many disease conditions, including obesity
In obese humans, there is decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes compared to lean individuals
weight loss in obese individuals results in an increase in the abundance of Bacteroidetes
there is conflicting evidence on the composition of the obese microbiota phenotype with regards to Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes ratios
Bifidobacteria spp. from the phyla Actinobacteria, has been shown to be depleted in both obese mice and human subjects
While it is not yet clear which specific microbes are inducing or preventing obesity, evidence suggests that the microbiota is a factor.
targeted manipulation of the microbiota results in divergent metabolic outcomes depending on the composition of the diet
The microbiota has been linked to insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes (T2D) via metabolic syndrome and indeed the microbiota of individuals with T2D is also characterized by an increased Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, as well as an increase in Bacillus and Lactobacillus spp
It was also observed that the ratio of Bacteriodes-Prevotella to C. coccoides-E. rectale positively correlated with glucose levels but did not correlate with body mass index [80]. This suggests that the microbiota may influence T2D in conjunction with or independently of obesity
In humans, high-fat Western-style diets fed to individuals over one month can induce a 71% increase in plasma levels of endotoxins, suggesting that endotoxemia may develop in individuals with GI barrier dyfunction connected to dysbiosis
LPS increases macrophage infiltration essential for systemic inflammation preceding insulin resistance, LPS alone does not impair glucose metabolism
early treatment of dysbiosis may slow down or prevent the epidemic of metabolic diseases and hence the corresponding lethal cardiovascular consequences
increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes, which is the microbial profile found in lean phenotypes, along with an increase in Bifidobacteria spp. and Lactobacillus spp
mouse and rat models of T1D have been shown to have microbiota marked by decreased diversity and decreased Lactobacillus spp., as well as a decrease in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio
microbial antigens through the innate immune system are involved in T1D progression
The microbiota appears to be essential in maintaining the Th17/Treg cell balance in intestinal tissues, mesenteric and pancreatic lymph nodes, and in developing insulitis, although progression to overt diabetes has not been shown to be controlled by the microbiota
There is evidence that dietary and microbial antigens independently influence T1D
Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 protects BB-rats from T1D by mediating intestinal barrier function and inflammation [101,102] and a combination probiotic VSL#3 has been shown to attenuate insulitis and diabetes in NOD mice
breast fed infants have higher levels of Bifidobacteria spp. while formula fed infants have higher levels of Bacteroides spp., as well as increased Clostridium coccoides and Lactobacillus spp
the composition of the gut microbiota strongly correlates with diet
In mice fed a diet high in fat, there are many key gut population changes, such as the absence of gut barrier-protecting Bifidobacteria spp
diet has a dominating role in shaping gut microbiota and changing key populations may transform healthy gut microbiota into a disease-inducing entity
“Western” diet, which is high in sugar and fat, causes dysbiosis which affects both host GI tract metabolism and immune homeostasis
Testosterone therapy in men with low Testosterone was found to improve insulin sensitivity, total cholesterol levels, LDL, Lpa, and sexual performance in men with low T, type II diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome. There is suggestion that muscle composition was improved as well.
defined by consistent symptoms and signs of androgen deficiency, and an unequivocally low serum testosterone level
the threshold serum testosterone level below which adverse clinical outcomes occur in the general population is not known
most population-based studies use the serum testosterone level corresponding to the lower limit, quoted from 8.7 to 12.7 nmol/L, of the normal range for young Caucasian men as the threshold
Researchers tried to examine whether serum total or free testosterone would be a better/more reliable choice when studying the effect of testosterone. The results were mixed. Some reported significant associations of both serum total and free testosterone level with clinical parameters25, whereas others reported that only serum free testosterone26 or only serum total testosterone6 showed significant associations.
−0.124 nmol/L/year in serum total testosterone
this equates to a 4 ng/dl decline annually in total Testosterone.
In experimental studies, androgen receptor knockout mice developed significant insulin resistance rapidly
In mouse models, testosterone promoted differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to the myogenic lineage
testosterone decreased insulin resistance by enhancing catecholamine induced lipolysis in vitro, and reducing lipoprotein lipase activity and triglyceride uptake in human abdominal tissue in vivo
by promoting lipolysis and myogenesis, testosterone might lead to improved insulin resistance
testosterone regulated skeletal muscle genes involved in glucose metabolism that led to decreased systemic insulin resistance
In the liver, hepatic androgen receptor signaling inhibited development of insulin resistance in mice
independent and inverse association of testosterone with hepatic steatosis shown in a cross-sectional study carried out in humans
In short, androgen improves insulin resistance by changing body composition and reducing body fat.
Although a low serum testosterone level could contribute to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes through changes in body composition, obesity might also alter the metabolism of testosterone
In obese men, the peripheral conversion from testosterone to estrogen could attenuate the amplitude of luteinizing hormone pulses and centrally inhibit testosterone production
leptin, an adipokine, has been shown to be inversely correlated with serum testosterone level in men
Leydig cells expressed leptin receptors and leptin has been shown to inhibit testosterone secretion, suggesting a role of obesity and leptin in the pathogenesis of low testosterone
Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) cohort made up of 3,565 middle-class, mostly Caucasian men from the USA, the incidence of low serum total testosterone increased from approximately 20% of men aged over 60 years, 30% over 70 years, to 50% over 80 years-of-age
30–44% sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)-bound testosterone and 54–68% albumin-bound testosterone
As the binding of testosterone to albumin is non-specific and therefore not tight, the sum of free and albumin-bound testosterone is named bioavailable testosterone, which reflects the hormone available at the cellular level
Serum total testosterone is composed of 0.5–3.0% of free testosterone unbound to plasma proteins
alterations in SHBG concentration might affect total serum testosterone level without altering free or bioavailable testosterone
listed in TableT
A significant, independent and longitudinal effect of age on testosterone has been observed with an average change of −0.124 nmol/L/year in serum total testosterone28. The same trend has been shown in Europe and Australia
Asian men residing in HK and Japan, but not those living in the USA, had 20% higher serum total testosterone than in Caucasians living in the USA, as shown in a large multinational observational prospective cohort of the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study
subjects with chronic diseases consistently had a 10–15% lower level compared with age-matched healthy subjects
In Caucasians, the mean serum total testosterone level for men in large epidemiological studies has been reported to range from 15.1 to 16.6 nmol/L
Asians, higher values, ranging from 18.1 to 19.1 nmol/L, were seen in Korea and Japan
Chinese middle-aged men reported a similar mean serum testosterone level of 17.1 nmol/L in 179 men who had a family history of type 2 diabetes and 17.8 nmol/L in 128 men who had no family history of type 2 diabetes
The reduction of total testosterone was 0.4% per year in both groups
HK involving a cohort of 1,489 community-dwelling men with a mean age of 72 years, a mean serum total testosterone of 19.0 nmol/L was reported
pro-inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α in the testes, could locally inhibit testosterone biosynthesis in Leydig cells47, and testosterone treatment in men was shown to reduce the level of tumor necrosis factor-α
In Asians, a genetic deletion polymorphism of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase UGT2B17 was associated with reduced androgen glucuronidation. This resulted in higher level of active androgen in Asians as compared to Caucasians, as Caucasians' androgen would be glucuronidated into inactive forms faster.
Compared with Caucasians, the frequency of this deletion polymorphism of UGT2B17 was 22-fold higher in Asian subjects
Other researchers have suggested that environmental, but not genetic, factors influenced serum total testosterone
The basal and ligand-induced activity of the AR is inversely associated with the length of the CAG repeat chain
In the European Male Aging Study, increased estrogen/androgen ratio in association with longer AR CAG repeat was observed
a smaller number of AR CAG repeat had been shown to be associated with benign prostate hypertrophy and faster prostate growth during testosterone treatment
In India, men with CAG ≤19 had increased risk of prostate cancer
the odds of having a short CAG repeat (≤17) were substantially higher in patients with lymph node-positive prostate cancer than in those with lymph node-negative disease or in the general population
assessing the polymorphism at the AR level could be a potential tool towards individualized assessment and treatment of hypogonadism.
In elderly men, there was reduced testicular response to gonadotropins with suppressed and altered pulsatility of the hypothalamic pulse generator
a significant, independent and longitudinal effect of age on serum total testosterone level had been observed
A significant graded inverse association between serum testosterone level and insulin levels independent of age has also been reported in Caucasian men
Low testosterone is commonly associated with a high prevalence of MES
most studies showed that changes in serum testosterone level led to changes in body composition, insulin resistance and the presence of MES, the reverse might also be possible
MES predicted a 2.6-fold increased risk of development of low serum testosterone level independent of age, smoking and other potential confounders
Other prospective studies have shown that development of MES accelerated the age-related decline in serum testosterone level
In men with type 2 diabetes, changes in serum testosterone level over time correlated inversely with changes in insulin resistance
weight loss by either diet control or bariatric surgery led to a substantial increase in total testosterone, especially in morbidly obese men, and the rise in serum testosterone level was proportional to the amount of weight lost
To date, published clinical trials are small, of short duration and often used pharmacological, not physiological, doses of testosterone
In the population-based Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study cohort from Sweden, men in the highest quartile of serum testosterone level had the lowest risk of cardiovascular events compared with men in the other three quartiles (hazard ratio [HR] 0.70
low serum total testosterone was associated with a significant fourfold higher risk of cardiovascular events when comparing men from the lowest testosterone tertile with those in the highest tertile
Shores et al. were the first to report that low serum testosterone level, including both serum total and free testosterone, was associated with increased mortality
low serum total testosterone predicted increased risk of cardiovascular mortality with a HR of 1.38
low serum total testosterone increased all-cause (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.13–1.62, P < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.25
European Association for the Study of Diabetes 2013 suggested there was an inverse relationship between serum testosterone level and acute myocardial infarction
Diabetic men in the highest quartile of serum total testosterone had a significantly reduced risk of acute MI when compared with those in the lower quartiles
serum total testosterone level in the middle two quartiles at baseline predicted reduced incidence of death compared with having the highest and lowest levels
Nice review of Testosterone levels and some of the evidence linking Diabetes with low T. However, the conclusion by the authors regarding what is causing the low T in men with Diabetes is baffling. The literature does not point to one cause, it is clearly multifactorial--obesity, inflammation, high aromatase activity...I would suggest the authors continue their readings in the manner.
Cochran review of 6 studies of only 164 women found lifestyle interventions improved body composition, mostly fat loss, decreased the hyperandrogen status and improved insulin resistance in women with PCOS.
alking in an extraordinary interview with the Los Angeles Times newspaper, the prince Jackson expressed: "all of us celebrate I am going to do musical composition and dance. The track is a large voluminous an element of my lifestyles
small study shows that low carb results in greater calories burned in weight loss. The least calories burned goes to low fat diet. Many, many studies have show the negative benefits of a low fat diet.
During the enterohepatic circulation (EC), bile salts are synthesized in the liver, concentrated in the gallbladder, and
function in the lumen of the small intestine to absorb dietary lipids and limit microbial growth at the site of nutrient uptake
Bile acid 7α/β-dehydroxylating bacteria are organisms capable of converting primary bile acids made by the host to harmful
secondary bile acids, deoxycholic acid, and lithocholic acid
These bacteria normally comprise a small proportion of the gut microbiota (∼103–104/g wet weight) and consist of species within the genus Clostridium
C. scindens and a small number of species belonging to the genus Clostridium are responsible for significant alterations in the human bile acid pool composition through bile acid 7α/β dehydroxylation
bile acids play an important role in maintaining intestinal barrier function as antimicrobial agents in the
small bowel (37, 38) and inducers of antimicrobial peptides
Perturbations in the biliary bile acid pool composition can be indicative of hepatogastrointestinal diseases such as fat
malabsorption (40), gallstones (3), gastrointestinal cancers (41), and possibly type II diabetes
Gut microbiota appears to be source of androgen production that originates from the gut. Who would have thought that the Gut as an androgen producing endocrine gland.
Heavy duty wheelchair can either be manually-operated or motorized, each with its own pros and cons. A manual heavy-duty wheelchair gives full control of motion to the user, but the added weight from the reinforcements makes pushing or propelling the wheelchair much harder than normal. A motorized heavy duty wheelchair offers a solution to this dilemma, but is often more expensive and harder to maintain than a manual wheelchair. Some designs offer a combination of both, with a small motor assisting those pushing the wheelchair. The proper choice between types of Heavy Duty wheelchair depends largely on the user's expected level of activity.
Heavy duty wheelchairs typically have larger seats than conventional wheelchairs. The frames of these wheelchairs can be made from several different reinforced metals, although a titanium wheelchair is often the most popular choice. The wheels themselves are made of thicker rubber than normal, preventing any possible failure due to the greater amount of weight supported. Most makes of heavy duty wheelchairs fold like regular wheelchairs, making storage relatively easy despite the wheelchair increased size.
Heavy Duty Wheelchair specialy design for disabled and handicapped persons. They are two types of Heavy Duty Wheelchair for handicapped and disability product like-
Karma 8020 X Heavy Duty Wheelchair
Karma 8520 Heavy Duty Wheelchair
Karma 8020 X Heavy Duty Wheelchair:
It comes with detachable swing away footrests.
The wheel chair has flip-back armrests.
It comes with centre of gravity adjustment.
The wheel chair has wide profile casters.
Seat Size 20'' inch & 22'' inch
Total Weight 17 K.G.
Designed for maximum strength & weight capacity for people over 250 lbs. These end to be heavier and wider. This heavy duty bariatric wheelchair has seat dimensions of 24 inches wide by 18 inches deep to accommodate a weight capacity of up to 400 lbs. This wheelchair is dual axle, which means that the floor to seat heigh
Spices are special kind of natural products that offer not only great food/ culinary value in terms of aroma, taste, colour and so on, but also tremendous nutritive and therapeutic value because of their chemical composition.
http://www.internationalspiceconference.com/delegate-registration.html
It is estimated that approximately 30% of children and adolescents in the United States and about 15–30% of those in Europe can be classified as overweight or obese
An increasing body of evidence now suggests that the nutritional environment encountered in utero and the early postnatal life may elicit permanent alterations in adipose tissue structure or function and, thereby, programme the individual’s propensity to later obesity
The composition of fatty acids in the Western diets has shifted toward an increasing dominance of n-6 relative to n-3 LCPUFAs over the past decades.9,10 This shift is also reflected in the fatty acid composition of breast milk
Evidence from animal studies suggests that the n-6 LCPUFA arachidonic acid promotes adipose tissue deposition, whereas the n-3 LCPUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid seem to exert an opposite effect
Overall, no effect of supplementation was found on BMI in preschool (<5 years) and school-aged (6–12 years) children
increased adiposity, once established in childhood, tends to track into adulthood
Many studies have shown that even children <2 years with a high BMI are at increased risk of developing obesity later in life
The acquisition of fat cells early in life appears to be an irreversible process
Evidence from cell culture and animal studies suggests that early exposure to n-3 LCPUFAs has the potential to limit adipose tissue deposition mainly by attenuating the production of the arachidonic acid metabolite prostacyclin, which has been shown to enhance adipogenesis
In conclusion, there is currently no evidence to support that maternal n-3 LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy and/or lactation exerts a favourable programming effect on adiposity status in childhood
our systematic review highlights that most of the trials reviewed were prone to methodological limitations
Literature review finds limited data (9 studies, only 6 RCTs) of omega-3 during pregnancy. No data was found that supported reduced obesity in children by mothers taking n-3 during pregnancy. No harm was found either. Data was sparse.
Take home: not enough data, no harm to pregnancy, children, thus if indications are present for mother, then recommend n-3. At this point not studies have pointed to reduced obesity in children.