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No surprise that progesterone and the synthetic progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) have different effects on the vascular endothelium. MPA inhibits NO production, whereas Progesterone maintains NO production.  MPA promoted platelet adhesion whereas Progesterone did not--significant implication in plaque formation.

This was the WHI review of data as it pertains to dementia and cognitive decline in women.  The take home here is that the data provides little evidence for premarin with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate in > 65 for prevention of dementia.  However, this is in women > 65 and studies show that younger women do indeed receive benefit, especially in those with early ovary removal.  Another point here, MPA (medroxyprogesterone acetate) increases cognitive decline.  Just don't take MPA, it is a bad drug all the way around!

Estradiol has been shown to have positive health effects on vascular endothelium.  The synthetic progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate, negates this.  

head to head study in rhesus monkeys finds that medroxyprogesterone acetate negates the positive vascular effects of estradiol.  This is in contrast to the bioidentical progesterone.

medroxyprogesterone acetate, synthetic progestin, shown to increase inflammation signaling in human breast cancer cells.  This is a proposed mechamism by which growth stimulation occurs with prover and breast cancer.  

Injectable medroxyprogesterone acetate for contraception provides immune suppression through glucocorticoid receptors.

There is absolutely no reason for women to take medroxyprogesterone acetate.  Whether the author realizes it or not, he states a truth that progestin is a "trigger" in carcinogenesis of the breast.  This study was designed to look at high dose apigenin, which the study found increased risk.

MedroxyProgesterone Acetate increases breast cell growht

Estrogen with progestin worsens cognitive decline in women >65.  Little can be taken from this study other than, medroxyprogesterone acetate is a bad drug and should not be given to women for any purpose, especially in those >65.  One wonders if bioidentical, physiologic hormone replacement would have the same effect?  I doubt it.  The likely negative impact of hormones on the brain in women >65 is due to the negative effects of MPA, the change in inflammatory cytokines, and the change in receptors.

Progesterone reduce breast growth and Medroxyprogesterone acetate increases breast growth

Natural progesterone, but not medroxyprogesterone acetate, enhances the beneficial effect of estrogen on exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in postmenopausal women

HRT, particularily estrogen therapy, is shown to increase mild to moderate flares of lupus.

Finally, something that lowers the risk associated with synthetic progestins. Progestins are progesterone pretenders that increase breast cancer. Apigenin, a component of bioflavonoid, was shown to inhibit growth and intact cause cell death.

This study cannot make the conclusion AT ALL.  They claim to say hormones should not be used to prevent chronic disease. Yet, the study they use to support this statement, the WHI, did not look at hormones.  The WHI looked at premarin and medroxyprogesterone acetate, a progestin.  They are not the hormones the body makes. Second, the WHI looked at women that were 6 years postmenopausal, on average, and then they added in bad drugs, disguised as hormone like, and then were dosed high.   If one desires to truly make a statement of prevention, one needs to pre-empt testing and therapy before disease.  Additionally, the study needs to match the hormones needed at the right physiologic level in the right balance.   One must also ensure proper hormone metabolism and know hormone receptor status.  This study does non of the above and the conclusion of this study is irrelevant.  In fact, I think the authors of this study have undergone scientific malpractice in their conclusions.

medroxyprogsterone acetate (synthetic progestin) increase vascular function in postmenopausal women

synthetic progestin (MPA) off sets beneficial estrogen heart benefits

Yale study finds estrogen therapy in improves health in women ages 50-59.  The problems with hormone therapy is synthetics and overdosing.  The problem with the WHI was they used medroxy progesterone acetate--a synthetic progestin.   That is not progesterone.  This study estimated that 91,000 + died due to the uneducated view that estrogen HRT is dangerous.  What is dangerous is leaving the HRT and BHRT recommendations to those with conflicts of interest and a lack of knowledge of the science.

Provera provides stimulation of breast issue; likely increasing risk of breast cancer

watch out!  bioidentical progesterone provides improved symptom control versus synthetic progestin MPA