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Nathan Goodyear

Role of commensal and probiotic bacteria in human health: a focus on inflammatory bowel... - 0 views

microbialcellfactories.biomedcentral.com/...1475-2859-12-71

probiotic gut flora gut microbiome gut microbiota gut commensal bacteria disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 12 Jan 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 12 Jan 16
     
    to be read review on commensal bacteria and metabolic disease link
Nathan Goodyear

Exposure to the Functional Bacterial Amyloid Protein Curli Enhances Alpha-Synuclein Agg... - 0 views

www.nature.com/srep34477

neurodegenerative disease amyloid alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease gut gut flora gut microbiome gut microbiota gut-brain

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 06 Oct 16 - No Cached
  • Our work suggests that protein misfolding and immune activation in neurodegenerative disorders are triggered through cross-seeding by exposure to exogenous microbial amyloids in the nose, mouth and gut.
  • Streptococcus mutans, Staphlococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and others
  • Gene homologs encoding curli were recently determined also in four phyla: Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Thermodesulfobacteria
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • changes in the gut microbiota induced by antibiotics alter neuroinflammation and amyloid deposition in a mouse model of AD
  • Our data suggest that amyloid proteins in the microbiota are involved in the origination and maintenance of neurodegenerative disease.
  • exposure to bacteria producing a functional extracellular amyloid protein enhances aggregation of AS in brain neurons in aged rats and in muscle cells in nematodes
  • AS aggregates seed aggregation of tau
  • involvement of the vagus nerve in PD
  • microgliosis, astrogliosis and enhanced expression of IL-6, TLR2 and TNF in the brain following curli exposure suggest the occurrence of an enhanced local sterile inflammatory response to AS in the brain.
  • the immune system in both AD and PD have now been extensively established
  • TLR2 activation through exposure to bacterial amyloid is pathogenic
  • Nathan Goodyear on 06 Oct 16
     
    Gut bacteria may play crucial role in systemic inflammation that leads to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.  These amyloid production bacteria trigger systemic inflammation that leads to microglia activation and amyloid in the brain.   More establishment of the gut-brain connection.  
Nathan Goodyear

Microbial-Host Co-metabolites Are Prodromal Markers Predicting Phenotypic Heterogeneity... - 0 views

www.cell.com/...S2211-1247(17)30853-7

nutrition diet gut gut bacteria gut flora gut microbiome gut microbiota obesity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Jul 17 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Jul 17
     
    Gut bacteria metabolites predicts risk from poor diet.
Nathan Goodyear

Cutting Edge: IL-12 Induces CD4+CD25− T Cell Activation in the Presence of T ... - 0 views

www.jimmunol.org/...641.full

immunotherapy TH1 IL-2 NK NK cells dendritic cells

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 May 18 - No Cached
  • Whereas IL-12 instigates Th1 immune responses, CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg)3 actively restrain them
  • Following engagement of their TCR, Treg suppress the proliferation of conventional CD4+CD25− T responder cells in vitro
  • Furthermore, they inhibit the development of CD4+ T cell responses against alloantigens, tumor, microbial, and self-Ags in vivo.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Treg act to prevent spontaneous autoimmunity and to limit collateral damage to healthy tissues during adaptive immunity. However, these cells also have the potential to sabotage protective antimicrobial responses
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 May 18
     
    Great T cell activiation review: Il-2 stimulates NK cells primarily release from TH1 cells and T cytotoxic lymphocytes are under the control of IL-12 released primarily from dendritic cells.  Inflammatory cytokines in the presence of Treg to stimulate CD4+CD25- T cell activation.
Nathan Goodyear

Nutrients | Free Full-Text | Effect of Probiotics on Metabolic Outcomes in Pregnant Wom... - 0 views

www.mdpi.com/...htm

probiotics alternative medicine natural medicine natural therapies diabetes gestational diabetes

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 15 May 17 - No Cached
  • The gut microbial composition is altered during pregnancy
  • probiotic supplements may contribute to the maintenance of bacterial diversity and glucose homeostasis in individuals with metabolic disturbances
  • Assessment of four randomized controlled trials in this review involving 288 pregnant women with GDM found that a 6–8 week probiotic intervention did not improve FBG or LDL-cholesterol levels
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • probiotic supplementation in women with GDM was associated with significant reductions in insulin resistance
  • One proposed method is by the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), generated as a by-product of bacterial fermentation of dietary fibers. SCFAs act as an energy source for intestinal cells and have been found to regulate the production of hormones effecting energy intake and expenditure such as leptin and grehlin
  • Another hypothesized mechanism of SCFA action includes reducing gastrointestinal permeability by upregulating transcription of tight junction proteins, enhancing production of Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) which promotes crypt cell proliferation, and reducing inflammation in colonic epithelial cells by increasing PPAR-gamma activation
  • Maintenance of the integrity of the gut barrier minimizes the concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in circulation
  • LPS is a structural component of gram negative bacterial cell walls, which induces an immune-cell response upon absorption into the human bloodstream, stimulating proinflammatory cytokine production and the onset of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia
  • Nathan Goodyear on 15 May 17
     
    Review (4 studies) found that 6-8 weeks of probiotic therapy of pregnant women with gestational diabetes improved insulin resistance.
  • Open TeleShop on 17 May 17
     
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Nathan Goodyear

Microbial dysbiosis and colon carcinogenesis: could colon cancer be considered a bacter... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3625019

dysbiosis colon cancer cancer gut bacteria

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Sep 17 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Sep 17
     
    good discussion of the theory and relationship between gut symbiosis and colorectal cancer.
Nathan Goodyear

High Fat High Calories Diet (HFD) Increase Gut Susceptibility to Carcinogens by Alterin... - 0 views

www.jcancer.org/v11p4091.htm

diet high fat diet high calorie diet excess calorie cancer nutrition colorectal cancer

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 22 Aug 21 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 22 Aug 21
     
    High fat and high calorie diets associated with increased colorectal cancer risk through alteration of gut flora. The exact mechanism between the altered gut flora and the cancer risk is unknown, per the authors, but the inflammation is likely the connection.
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