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Nathan Goodyear

The endurance triathlon: metabolic changes after each event and dur... - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...1956272

triathlon endurance training recovery lactate

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Nov 14
     
    Serum lactate elevates early in triathlon.  The greatest increase is associated with the swim event.  Muscle damage progressed through the 3 events (creatine phosphokinase and LDH).  Uric acid levels increased.  Recovery was seen out to 6 days post event.
Nathan Goodyear

Vitamin C and E supplementation hampers cellular adaptation to endurance training in hu... - 0 views

jp.physoc.org/...siol.2013.267419.full.pdf+html

vitamin C vitamin E exercise training recovery mitochondria endurance vitamins vitamin

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Nov 14
     
    Study finds oral vitamin C and vitamin E hamper mitochondrial repair needed in exercise.  
Nathan Goodyear

The Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Gly482Ser in the PGC-1α Gene Impairs Exerc... - 0 views

journals.plos.org/...article

epigenetics exercise training muscle SNPs PGC-1alpha

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Nov 17 - No Cached
  • Oxidative slow-twitch type I fibres (henceforth briefly called ‘slow fibres’) contain MHC-Iβ. They use oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to generate ATP and are thus highly fatigue resistant and preferentially activated during endurance exercise. Slow fibres comprise high amounts of mitochondria, myoglobin and lipid droplets, and are well supplied by capillaries
  • there are three types of fast-twitch fibres (types IIA, IID/X, IIB, with the corresponding MHC isoforms IIa, IId/x, IIb) which are all used for rapid high-force generation. Oxidative-glycolytic fast-twitch type IIA fibres have intermediate amounts of mitochondria, lipid droplets and capillaries, and are intermediately resistant to fatigue (as compared to type I and types IIB and IID/X). Glycolytic fast-twitch type IID/X fibres are poor in mitochondria, lipids and capillaries and more susceptible to fatique than type IIA. Glycolytic fast-twitch type IIB fibres have the lowest amounts of mitochondria, lipid droplets and capillaries, but generate the highest contraction velocities
  • Several studies have shown that PGC-1α is upregulated after endurance training
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • upregulation of PGC-1α expression enhances and/or maintains mitochondrial biogenesis, eventually leading to an increased mitochondrial content of the muscle fibres.
  • PGC-1α also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and T2D
  • carriers of the Gly482Ser SNP have a reduced cardiorespiratory fitness and a higher risk for metabolic syndrome and T2D
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Nov 17
     
    Those that carry the risk SNP for Gly482Ser for the PGC-1alpha gene dont' transform type II to type I and thus decrease the effectiveness of aeorbic exercise training, decreased oxidative phosphorylation, decreased lipid oxidation, increased lipid accumulaiton in muscle, and increased risk of IR, obesity, and diabetes.
Nathan Goodyear

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1113/jphysiol.2012.240952/asset/tjp5465.pdf;jse... - 0 views

onlinelibrary.wiley.com/...E5D6BF7115D91486DDF6333.f04t02

training exercise sprints running epigenetics PLIN2 PLIN5

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 30 Nov 17 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 30 Nov 17
     
    Study finds sprint interval training increases PLIN 2 and PLIN 5 as in endurance training.  PLIN2/5 are increased and play role in intramuscluar triglyceride breakdown.  Increased IMTG is found in IR.  This aids insulin resistance.  Other studies have found that SIT increased PLIN5 > ET.  Exercise impacts muscle and fat through epigenetics.
wheelchairindia9

Tynor Foot Drop Splint Right-Left - 0 views

www.wheelchairindia.com/...or-Foot-Drop-Splint-Right-Left

Ankle Splint and Foot Drop Splint Stabilize Ankle Joint uphold the ankle joint easily fits into the feet foot drop splint flexible reduces the pressure on the ankle proper cushioning to the ankles Enhances comfort and walking pleasure

shared by wheelchairindia9 on 17 Mar 16 - No Cached
  • wheelchairindia9 on 17 Mar 16
     
    Tynor Foot Drop Splint Right/Left Applications Prevention and correction of foot drop. Peripheral nerve paralysis. Nerve/Muscle damage. Ankle or Plantar flexion contracture. Functional Alignment of the foot. Post operative care. Burn patients. Tynor Foot Drop Splint Right/Left Features Effective foot lift. Strong leaf spring action. Customizable. Thin walled, worn in a shoe. Tynor Foot Drop Splint Right/Left Measurements Measure shoe size Size Chart - Sizes European American Small 34-36 2.8-4.4 Medium 37-39 5.3-6.8 Large 40-42 7.5-9.0
Nathan Goodyear

Atrial fibrillation is associated with different levels of physical activity levels at ... - 0 views

heart.bmj.com/...heartjnl-2013-305304

atrial fibrillation exercise heart disease endurance training AF CHD CAD coronary men men's health

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 16 May 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 16 May 14
     
    Increased risk of atrial fibrillation in men exercising more than 5 days per week.  The study looked at men 45-79.  In contrast, walking and bicycling later in life was associated with decreased risk.
Nathan Goodyear

A reverse J-shaped association of leisure time physical activity with prognosis in pati... - 0 views

heart.bmj.com/...heartjnl-2013-305242

exercise endurance training CHD CAD coronary heart disease cardiovascular

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 16 May 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 16 May 14
     
    Increased risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality is highest in the least active population in those with coronary heart disease.  However, those with the highest, strenuous physical activity were also at increased risk--though less than the inactive group.
Nathan Goodyear

Effects of endurance exercise on free testosterone concentration and the binding affini... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...9506793

Testosterone exercise hormone hormones SHBG

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Jun 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Jun 15
     
    exercise increases Testosterone production via catecholamine mechanism.  Free Testosterone increases independent from SHBG affinity.
Nathan Goodyear

RPE, blood glucose, and carbohydrate oxidation dur... [Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991] - Pu... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...2020274

exercise carbohydrate drinks glucose

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 08 Mar 11 - No Cached
  • The data suggest that ingestion of carbohydrate beverages during endurance cycling can maintain plasma glucose and CHO oxidation during the latter stages of prolonged exercise
  • Nathan Goodyear on 08 Mar 11
     
    carbohydrate drinks help to maintain glucose levels in exercise
Nathan Goodyear

http://shammer-irsc.weebly.com/uploads/1/9/8/6/19866071/ibuprofen_use_endotoxemia_inxam... - 0 views

shammer-irsc.weebly.com/...ation_and_plasma_cytokines.pdf

ibuprofen marathons exercise ultra-marathons elite athletes endurance training runners running inflammation CRP cytokines

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jan 15
     
    ibuprofen provided no reduction in muscle damage/soreness in 29 ultra marathoners.  However, LPS, CRP, IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, IL-1ra, GSF, MCP-1, and MIP-1beta were increased in the ibuprofen group.  TNF-alpha was unaffected.
Nathan Goodyear

Ibuprofen use during extreme exercise: effects on oxidative stress ... - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...17596774

endurance athletes exercise athletesoxidative stress ibuprofen

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 10 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 10 Jan 15
     
    ibuprofen associated with increased oxidative stress in extreme exercise.
Nathan Goodyear

Effect of saline infusion on body temperature and endurance during ... - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...2745343

IV intravenous fluid nutrition athlete athletes exercise

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jan 15
     
    to be read
Nathan Goodyear

Intravenous Fluid Use in Athletes - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3435915

IV intravenous fluid nutrition athletes athlete sports medicine sports exercise

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Treatment of exercise-associated hyponatremia with hypertonic IV infusion to correct plasma sodium levels is also a standard and accepted use of IV fluid infusions
  • athletes who present for medical care with hypernatremia who cannot tolerate oral fluids can benefit from IV fluids
  • Vaporization of sweat accounts for 80% of heat loss in hot, dry atmospheric conditions. This mechanism of water loss is the major contributor for exercise-associated dehydration
  • ...30 more annotations...
  • The rate of water loss can be quantified through measurement of sweat rate
  • Pre- and postexercise body weight measurements are the most common means to estimate overall water loss but are condition specific
  • It appears that 1% to 2% body weight loss is well tolerated by the exercising athlete
  • Dehydration, defined as greater than 2% loss of body weight, can negatively affect performance
  • In highly trained endurance athletes, plasma volume and sodium serum concentration were preserved despite a 5% body weight loss
  • In Ironman triathletes, dehydration to 5% body weight loss did not correlate with occurrence of medical complications
  • hydration should begin hours prior to exercise, especially if known deficits are present, and fluids should be consumed at a slow, steady rate, with 5 to 7 mL/kg taken 4 hours prior to exercise
  • Sodium concentration did not produce significant changes in the rate of absorption but was primarily dependent on carbohydrate concentration
  • Replacing 150% of body weight loss over 60 minutes has been tolerated without complications
  • IV treatment of severe dehydration (>7% body weight loss), exertional heat illness, nausea, emesis, or diarrhea, and in those who cannot ingest oral fluids for other reasons, is clinically indicated
  • A recent survey of the National Football League teams revealed that 75% (24 of 32) of the teams utilized IV infusion of fluids for prehydration in at least some otherwise healthy individuals
  • In the National Football League, an average of 1.5 L of normal saline was administered approximately 2.5 hours prior to competition
  • after 2 hours of exercise, the rectal temperature was 0.6° higher in the group not receiving IV infusion. Also, stroke volume and cardiac output were 11% to 16% lower in the control group versus the IV infusion group.
  • Recent evidence suggests the etiology of EAMC is related to muscle fatigue and neuronal excitability
  • no correlation between hydration status or electrolyte concentrations with EAMC
  • there may be a subset of muscle cramping that is associated with a loss of both body fluid and sodium
  • Glycerol is the primary agent for oral hyperhydration
  • elevation of plasma volume by 200 to 300 mL via dextran infusion resulted in 15% increase in stroke volume, 4% increase in VO2 max, and an increase in the exercise time to fatigue
  • Neither the tonicity nor mode of hydration resulted in improved speed of rehydration, greater fluid retention, or improved performance
  • There are beneficial anecdotal reports of EAMC treatment in elite and professional-level athletes with IV hydration during the course of an event
  • Plasma volume was better restored during rehydration with IV fluids at preexercise and 5 minutes of exercise. At 15 minutes, there was no difference between IV and oral rehydration
  • More rapid restoration of plasma volume was accomplished in the IV treatment group with no advantages over oral rehydration in physiological strain, heat tolerance, ratings of perceived effort, or thermal sensations
  • No difference was found in exercise time to exhaustion. IV and oral rehydration methods were equally effective. Heart rates were statistically higher in the oral rehydration group through 75 minutes of exercise, and there were higher increases in norepinephrine plasma concentrations
  • No significant differences between the groups were found for time to recovery, number of days with pain, number of days with stiffness, sleep disturbance, fatigue, rectal temperature, and loss of appetite
  • The current data suggest that IV rehydration is faster than oral
  • There may be physiological benefits of decreased heart rate and norepinephrine in athletes rehydrated via IV route
  • Postexercise blood 1 hour and 24 hours showed no differences in circulating myoglobin or creatine kinase
  • The use of IV fluid may be beneficial for a subset of fluid sensitive athletes
  • this should be reserved for high-level athletes with strong histories of symptoms in well-monitored settings.
  • Volume expanders may also be beneficial for some athletes
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jan 15
     
    to be read
Nathan Goodyear

Weight changes, sodium levels, and performance in the South African... - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...12466696

endurance athletes Ironman triathlon sodium body weight

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 15
     
    Body weight post race was inversely associated with serum sodium i.e.  less weight loss was associated with lower serum sodium.  Body weight loss was unrelated to marathon time.
Nathan Goodyear

Hypertonic (3%) sodium chloride for emergent treatment of exercise-... - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...17465635

endurance athletes exercise induced hyponatremia hyponatremia marathon runners athletes SIADH

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 15
     
    event over hydration with under renal excretion can lead to hyponatremia.  SIADH and resultant increased ECW is involved.  Weight is an adequate means to evaluate--no weight loss and/or weight gain may suggest fluid overload and potential hyponatremia.
Nathan Goodyear

Study of hematological and biochemical parameters in runners comple... - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...15523206

hyponatremia marathon runners endurance athletes

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 15
     
    No cases of hyponatremia noted in marathon runners.   Of note, over hydration was prevented through limited stations enroute.  NSAIDS negatively altered renal function
Nathan Goodyear

Serum biochemistry and morbidity among runners presenting for medic... - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...17620786

ultra-marathons endurance athletes IV fluids hyponatremia

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 15
     
    Study looked at 9 athletes that were treated with IV fluids and found no significant morbidity with exercise associated hyponatremia.
Nathan Goodyear

Recovery after an Ironman triathlon: sustained inflammatory respons... - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...18548269

ironman recovery endurance triathlon hsCRP hs-CRP Testosterone cortisol inflammation cytokines

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Nov 14
     
    Recovery period of Ironman triathlon associated with significantly increased inflammatory response.  The vast majority is resolved by day 5 in this study, though low-grade inflammation persisted beyond day 5.  Cortisol was significantly elevated and Testosterone was significantly decreased in the early recovery period.  Muscle damage and significant inflammation is a prominent finding in the recovery phase of a triathlon.
Nathan Goodyear

No indications of persistent oxidative stress in response to an iro... - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...18981936

oxidative stress ironman recovery triathlon inflammation endurance malondialdehyde exercise

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 18 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 18 Nov 14
     
    Oxidative stress markers remain elevated up to 5 days post ironman triathlon.
Nathan Goodyear

Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3445088

EAMC exercise associated muscle cramps athletes muscle cramps

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 15 - No Cached
  • athletes who develop EAMC often ingest similar amounts of fluid during exercise as do their noncramping counterparts
  • Oral fluid ingestion may be ineffective, and intravenous fluid may provide a faster delivery for athletes suffering from acute EAMC
  • It is interesting that stretching the affected muscle almost immediately relieves EAMC
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • Stretching, the primary treatment for acute EAMC
  • National Athletic Trainers’ Association recommends that athletes prone to muscle cramping add 0.3 to 0.7 g/L of salt to their drinks to stave off muscle cramps
  • Others have recommended adding higher amounts of sodium (about 3.0 to 6.0 g/L) to sports drinks based on the frequency of EAMC
  • intravenous infusion of fluids removes this delay, and it has been used to aid athletes who develop acute EAMC
  • maintaining hydration and adequate electrolyte levels is a good prevention strategy for individuals susceptible to EAMC
  • Fluid volumes of 1.8 L per hour have been well tolerated by tennis athletes who are susceptible to EAMC
  • Monitoring an athlete’s body weight is an easy method of ensuring adequate fluid replacement and individualizes each athlete’s fluid needs
  • the National Athletic Trainers’ Association and the American College of Sports Medicine recommend a volume of fluid that allows for less than a 2% body weight reduction
  • Endurance training may also serve as an effective means of preventing EAMC by expanding plasma volume and the extracellular fluid compartment15 and delaying neuromuscular fatigue
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 15
     
    Exercise associated muscle cramps or EAMC is not worked out.  The theories include dehydration, mineral/electrolyte deficiencies, and neuromuscular activity.
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