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Testosterone therapy lowered HgbA1c in poorly controlled Diabetics.  These patients were followed out to 52 weeks.  Testosterone therapy, as is lifestyle change, a long term strategy of Diabetes control.  Studies in controlled Diabetics have not shown a reduction in HgbA1c consistently.  Total cholesterol and waist circumference were also reduced.

Men with Metabolic Syndrome have lower Total Testosterone values.  Symptoms correlated with age: older men associated with increased symptoms.  This study only found lot T at 6.5%.  The authors in this study have come up with a new box--andropenia.  I don't know what the heck that is and how that helps clients.  If symptoms are present and if levels are on the decline, then symptomatic hypogonadism is present.  I know the logic seems simple, but it appears hard to follow in the science.  I don't see this any different then type II diabetes.  At 126 you have diabetes, but at 125, we don't know what to do with you but see us next year and you will have diabetes and we will know what to do because you are in the box of diabetes.

new study finds that bariatric surgery outperforms lifestyle interventions in improving glucose control in obese individuals.  On the surface this seems interesting, but the lifestyle interventions were based on the Diabetes Prevention program.  The diabetes prevention program doesn't do well in glucose control in any clients (see increasing diabetes rates), so it should be no surprise that bariatric surgery outperforms a program that doesn't work

not sure if I posted this previously, but new study finds that insulin should be the last thing given to a type II diabetic.  Insulin doubles mortality rate.

Increasing glucose levels associated with declining LH pulses in men with type II diabetes.  This is one proposed mechanism for low T in men.  There has been great debate about if Low T was in part the cause of Diabetes or an effect of diabetes.  This proposes that low T is due to a decreased LH pulse as a result of rising glucose.

A cross-sectional study of 1,458 men over a 13 years found an increase risk of diabetes incidence with elevated Estradiol and Estrone levels.  The greatest association was found with Estrone.  This should come as no surprise to anybody as type II diabetes is clearly associated with increasing weight and this is the source of 80% of estrogen production in men.

Ginger reduces oxidative stress in diabetic rat model

This is the abstract from oral presentation at AACE in Las Vegas from May.  Small study finds reduction in fat mass, increase in muscle mass, increase in insulin sensitivity, and reduction in inflammation signaling with Testosterone therapy in men with low Testosterone.  These men were type 2 diabetics.  This is consistent with prior published literature.  However, men without diabetes, this association is hard to reproduce. The degree of glucose control also effects the response to Testosterone therapy i.e. the worse the glucose control, the more the response from Testosterone.   Also of note, those men with hypogonatrophic hypogonadism had decreased insulin receptor expression, decreased insulin sensitivity, and decreased GLUT-4 expression versus eugonadal men.  Remember from prior studies, it is the conversion of Testosterone to DHT that increases GLUT-4 transcription, translocation, and expression.

Gut bacteria proximity, not just balance and diversity, to mucosa lining linked to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in type II diabetes.  The role of type II diabetes may simply be the gut.  This has been called metabolic endotoxemia.

study finds very low calorie diet reversed diabetes. The greatest weight loss was associated with greatest remission of diabetes at 86% with >15 kg weight loss.

inflammation leads to death of pancreatic beta cells and result in diabetes.

Diabetes associated with low serum testosterone.  This study points to a 4.7 fold decrease.  This is accompanied by a 2.9 fold increase in estradiol.  Castration worsened this imbalance by decreasing the testosterone level further.  Likely the low T and increased aromatase activity aid in the development of diabetic renal disease. Numerous studies have shown that testosterone therapy improves glucose homeostasis.

obesity and type II diabetes found to be associated with low adiponectin and elevated insulin as found in insulin resistance.  This study revealed the inverse relationship of adiponectin and insulin resistance.  The interesting thing is that inflammation causes insulin resistance.  Here you can see the inflammation-insulin resistance-low adiponectin-obesity-diabetes link.

Zn show to help in glycemic control in both type I and II diabetics.  It appears to do this through inflammation reduction and thus improved insulin/Receptor signal transduction.   Also of note, antibodies against Zn transporter have been found in type I DM.

d-chiro-inositol levels shown to be low in diabetics.  Thus, d-chiro-inositol would prove to be helpful in diabetes management.  D-chiro-inositol is a secondary messenger in insulin signaling

Great read!  If you want to see how free radicals and oxidative stress contribute to inflammation and disease (DM in this case), read this article.

the use of insulin in diabetes is associated with a 430% increase risk of developing dementia.  Wow!!  Just the present of Diabetes, almost doubled the risk.  Add in extra insulin and it is like throwing fuel to the fire that exists in the brain.

Interesting study. In this study group, 36% of type II diabetes with ED had low Testosterone.  This fits with the estimated 40% of those with Diabetes have low T. What is really interesting about this study is that the degree of improvement with ED by Sildenfafil was dependent on the Testosterone level in the low T group.  Meanining that Testosterone therapy in these men would probably be more of a therapy directed at the cause and not Sildenafil.  Of course, the Testosterone therapy would benefit glucose regulation as well documented in the literature.

Androgen deprivation therapy leads to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type II diabetes in men. Testosterone therapy in men with IR, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type II Diabetes will result in improved cardiovascular risk.