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increased densities of T-cell infiltrates with a high proportion of CD8+ T cells within primary colorectal carcinomas were associated with a significant protection against tumor recurrence

coexpression of genes mediating cytotoxicity and TH1 adaptive immune responses accurately predicted survival in patients with colorectal carcinoma independently of the metastatic status.

tumor-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs)

Among the most encouraging mAb is trastuzumab, which targets the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and is indicated in the treatment of breast cancer

bevacizumab, which inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor and is indicated in the treatment of a range of diseases, including colorectal, lung, and ovarian cancer3; and cetuximab, which blocks the epidermal growth factor receptor and is indicated in the treatment of colorectal and lung cancer

Viscum album L (VA or European mistletoe) preparations are widely used as additive cancer therapy in Europe, especially in German-speaking countries, and have been associated with a reduction in chemotherapy-related adverse drug reactions and increased HRQL

catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate during glycolysis and gluconeogenesis

It has long been known that many human cancers have higher LDH levels than normal tissues

It has long been appreciated that LDH is a prognostic factor for survival

Patients with higher tumor markers are likely to have higher tumor burden, higher oxidative stress and, therefore, are more likely to have lower post IVC plasma levels.

Our data also showed that cancer patients with metastasis tend to have lower post-IVC vitamin C levels than those without metastasis

Lower peak plasma concentrations are obtained in cancer patients than in healthy subjects. Cancer patients who are deficient in vitamin C prior to therapy tend to achieve lower plasma levels post infusion.

nitric oxide (NO) released by tumor cells

Excellent work by Prof de Groot of Essen, indicated by adding exogenous xanthine oxidase ( XO) in hepatoma cells, hydrogen peroxide was produced to destroy the hepatoma cells

NO from eNOS in cancer cells can travel through membranes and over long distances in the body

not well understood, but it is felt to be a combination of both heat-induced necrosis and of protein inactivation (e.g., repair enzymes) as opposed to DNA damage

alterations in tumor cytoskeletal and membrane structures, which disrupt cell motility and intracellular signal transduction

A common explanation for HT-enhancement of RT and CT involves inhibition of homologous recombination repair of double-strand DNA breaks, preventing cells from repairing sub-lethal damage

The overloading of body iron plays a role as an oxidative stressor

active radicals can affect lipids, proteins, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), resulting in tissue injury and dysfunction

Excess iron causes oxidative stress and induces inflammation, leading to renal disease progression

Oxidative slow-twitch type I fibres (henceforth briefly called ‘slow fibres’) contain MHC-Iβ. They use oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to generate ATP and are thus highly fatigue resistant and preferentially activated during endurance exercise. Slow fibres comprise high amounts of mitochondria, myoglobin and lipid droplets, and are well supplied by capillaries

there are three types of fast-twitch fibres (types IIA, IID/X, IIB, with the corresponding MHC isoforms IIa, IId/x, IIb) which are all used for rapid high-force generation. Oxidative-glycolytic fast-twitch type IIA fibres have intermediate amounts of mitochondria, lipid droplets and capillaries, and are intermediately resistant to fatigue (as compared to type I and types IIB and IID/X). Glycolytic fast-twitch type IID/X fibres are poor in mitochondria, lipids and capillaries and more susceptible to fatique than type IIA. Glycolytic fast-twitch type IIB fibres have the lowest amounts of mitochondria, lipid droplets and capillaries, but generate the highest contraction velocities

Several studies have shown that PGC-1α is upregulated after endurance training

contribution to the training response of the epigenome as a mediator between genes and environment

Differential DNA methylation was predominantly observed in enhancers, gene bodies and intergenic regions and less in CpG islands or promoters

highly consistent and associated modifications in methylation and expression, concordant with observed health-enhancing phenotypic adaptations, are induced by a physiological stimulus

our results provide evidence to suggest that acute exercise induces gene-specific DNA hypomethylation in human skeletal muscle

Our results suggest that DNA methylation is a component of the exercise-induced effect on expression of these genes.

Caffeine exposure decreased promoter methylation of Pgc-1α, Tfam, Mef2a, Cs, and Pdk4

Obesity and models of obesity induced by ingestion of HF-diet in rodents are associated with chronically elevated circulating levels of LPS

chronic low-dose administration of LPS induces leptin-resistance in vagal afferent neurons and abolition of CCK-induced inhibition of food intake

HF fat feeding has been shown to enhance gastrointestinal permeability promoting the translocation of LPS to the circulation

the reduction in BP within the first 10–20 min may be primarily attributed to a direct vasodilatory physiological effect, described as venodilation

BP reduction observed after 70–90 min is likely attributable to pharmacokinetically plausible vitamin C absorption and vasodilation because of nitric oxide release

Pharmacokinetic studies of IVC administration observed peak plasma levels within the first 90 min, with plasma levels reaching 13350 μmol/l for 50 g of IVC

Mitochondrial electron-transport chain and other oxidizing agents are the prime pathways that generate excess ROS in vivo

Permanent modification of genetic material resulting from the oxidative damage is one of the vital steps involved in mutagenesis that leads to carcinogenesi

The most frequent DNA mutations caused during oxidative stress, initiated by ionizing radiation and other environmental carcinogens are 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-Oxo-G) and Thymine Glycol (TG)

Its basic function is to protect humans from harmful effects of UV radiation

Its effects are proven, consistent and with minimal side effects

Medical O3, used to disinfect and treat disease, has been around for over 150 years

toxicity of the spike protein—both from the virus and also when produced by gene codes in the novel COVID-19 mRNA and adenovectorDNA vaccines

‘spikeopathy’;

A central issue has been growing evidence of pathogenic effects of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein—whether as part of the virus or produced by genetic codes in the mRNA and adenovectorDNA vaccines