cholesterol in women up to 270 is beneficial on CVD, not harmful. How much does the difference in diet and lifestyle play a role here. Norwegians have a higher fish intake, but they have a lower sun exposure.
Maybe, just maybe, all pub around cholesterol has been overblown.
Study finds that higher omega 3 intake over time associated with a reduction in blood clots, heart arrhythmias, lower triglycerides, lower heart rates and lower blood pressure.
4 grams of daily n-3 decreased pulse wave velocity--decreased arteriosclerosis. No change in blood pressure noted through the change in central pulse pressure.
82% of retired NFL players <50 have statistically significant more blockage of arteries than the general population. n-3 in this study was shown to improve the lipid profile in these individuals. Inflammation needs to be addressed
EPA and DHA have differing effects in men with Hyperlipidemia. DHA increased LDL particle size, increased fasting insulin, but did not increase fasting glucose.
Data from cell culture and animal models suggest that LA could be combined with nutraceuticals such as curcumin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (from green tea) and docosahexaenoic acid (from fish oil) to synergistically decrease oxidative stress, inflammation
Rat study, but it finds that n-3, capsaicin, and curcumin can not only decrease the inflammation associatied with arthritis, but it can delay it all together.
DHA enriched diet plus exercis improved cognition through a increase in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The result was increased neuroplasticity. Additionally, they were shown to reduce hippocampal lipid peroxidation.
Animal model shows that n-3 intake reduced axonal injury after injury insult. This implies a use in n-3 intake even after an insult has occured. This implies a role for n-3 in neuroplasticity.
There is a growing body of preclinical literature suggesting that ω-3 FAs, and DHA
in particular, may play a therapeutic role in mTBI
the
potential for ameliorating or possibly even preventing the complications associated with concussions
DHA is the predominant ω-3 FA present in the brain, and, consistent with this finding, DHA,
and not EPA, has been demonstrated to be critical for brain development and cognitive function throughout life
the concentration of EPA in the brain is negligible
(77–80), suggesting that EPA plays a limited role in mediating the beneficial effects of LCPUFA supplementation on mTBI pathology
there is evidence that the amount of DHA in brain tissue is decreased after mTBI (65, 66), suggesting an elevated need for DHA in mTBI recovery.
the current state of the science regarding LCPUFA supplementation for the treatment of concussion
is based primarily on animal models
the well-established role of DHA in supporting
the structure and function of the brain throughout the lifespan (26, 27, 46, 47, 53) provides encouragement that LCPUFAs may also prove beneficial in the context of concussion recovery.
no therapies are currently available to aid the recovery from this injury
Previously discussed reports outlining the use of ω-3 FAs in the recovery from severe
TBIs (reviewed in Ref. 92) described the use of very-high doses of LCPUFAs (16.2 g/d EPA plus DHA) in the recovery of these patients
Within
the context of mTBIs/concussions, translating a DHA intake used in several rat studies of mTBI recovery (40 mg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ d−1 DHA) (57, 63, 64) using body surface area conversion methods (93) amounts to an estimated human intake of 387 mg/d DHA
A range of nutrients, including several amino acids, antioxidant vitamins and minerals, ω-3 fatty acids, and nucleotides, are able to modulate inflammation and the associated oxidative stress, and maintain or improve immune function
parenteral glutamine is recommended in patients receiving parenteral nutrition