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Nathan Goodyear

Estrogen receptor β and the progression of prostate cancer: role of 5α-andros... - 0 views

erc.endocrinology-journals.org/...731.long

3-beta androstanediol DHT Testosterone androgens prostate cancer ER beta ER-beta receptors ER men male hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • In the prostate, ERβ is highly expressed in the epithelial compartment, where it is the prevailing isoform
  • In the gland, DHT may be either reversibly 3α- or irreversibly 3β-hydroxylated by the different 3α- and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases respectively (Steckelbroeck et al. 2004); these transformations generate two metabolites respectively 3α-diol and 3β-Adiol, which are both unable to bind the AR. Instead, 3β-Adiol displays a high affinity for ERβ (Kuiper et al. 1998, Nilsson et al. 2001), and it has been proposed that this metabolite may play a key role in prostate development
  • ERβ signaling, in contrast to ERα, seems to act as a suppressor of prostate growth, and may be positively involved in breast cancer
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • 3β-Adiol counteracts PC cell proliferation in vitro
  • 3β-Adiol counteracts the biological actions of its androgenic precursors testosterone and DHT
  • functional antagonism of 3β-Adiol appears to be molecularly independent from the activation of the androgenic pathway
  • the action of 3β-Adiol is mediated, at the molecular levels, by the estrogenic pathway.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 21 Jan 14
     
    another awesome article dealing with hormone metabolites. Physicians that don't understand metabolites and receptors may be doing more harm than good.   One of the mainstays of the treatment of metastatic prostate disease is androgen deprivation therapy.  This article requires a reassessment of this due to the DHT metabolite 3-beta androstanediol.  This metabolite is produced from DHT production via the enzyme 3beta HSD.  This metabolite binds to ER beta, an estrogen receptor, and inhibits proliferation, migration, promotes adhesion (limits spreading), and stimulates apoptosis.  This is contrast to 3-alpha androstanediol.  Androgen deprivation therapy will decrease 3-beta androstanediol.  This is the likely reason for the increased aggressive prostate cancer found in those men using 5 alpha reductase inhibitors.
Nathan Goodyear

Effect of Testosterone Replacement Therapy on Cognitive Performance and Depression in M... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC5209560

low T Low testosterone Testosterone male hormones Testosterone therapy depression brain cognition ED erectile dysfunction

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jan 17 - No Cached
  • Azad et al [15] used single photon emission computed tomography and showed that, after 3~5 weeks of TRT, cerebral perfusion was increased in the midbrain and the superior frontal gyrus in seven men with hypogonadism
  • After 12~14 weeks, increased perfusion was still observed in the midbrain as well as in the midcingulate gyrus
  • TDS patients who received TRT showed significant improvement in cognitive function only if mild cognitive impairment was present at baseline
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • Cherrier et al [17] evaluated a sample of 32 subjects, which included 17 men with mild cognitive impairment and 15 with Alzheimer's disease. At the 6-week follow-up, patients who received TRT showed significantly better scores regarding spatial memory, constructional abilities, and verbal memory compared to those noted in the placebo group. Taken together, these results suggest that TRT has a beneficial effect on cognitive function
  • TRT improved mood and well-being, and reduced fatigue and irritability in hypogonadal men
  • The study by Pope et al [20] involved men with depression refractory to standard anti-depressants, and found that TRT lowered the Hamilton Depression score,
  • depression tends to increase as testosterone levels decrease [21], it is highly likely that TRT improved symptoms of depression by increasing testosterone levels.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Jan 17
     
    men with Testosterone <300 ng/dl with levels after 8 months of therapy achieving +680 ng/dl.
Nathan Goodyear

Pictorial Review of Glutamate Excitotoxicity: Fundamental Concepts for Neuroimaging - 0 views

www.ajnr.org/...1813.full

excitotoxicity Glutamate glutamic acid neurodegenerative disease Alzheimers Parkinsons ALS MS

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Dec 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 Dec 11
     
    excellent article on the imaging of excitotoxicity.  Glutamate excitotoxicity is a key component in neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimers, Parkinsons, ALS, MS...
Nathan Goodyear

Dyslipidemia is a protective factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - 0 views

www.neurology.org/...1004.short

ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis LDL:HDL cholesterol neurodegenerative disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jun 12 - No Cached
  • Correlation studies demonstrated that bearing an abnormally elevated LDL/HDL ratio significantly increased survival by more than 12 months.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 13 Jun 12
     
    high LDL:HDL ratios in ALS patients, resulted in increased survival at 12 months.
Nathan Goodyear

Dyslipidemia is a protective factor in amyotrophic... [Neurology. 2008] - PubMed - NCBI - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...18199832

LDL:HDL cholesterol ALS dyslipidemia neurology

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 19 Jun 12 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 19 Jun 12
     
    high LDL/HDL ratio increases 12 month survival in those with ALS
star yu

Qué son el Porcentaje de Función Renal para la Etapa 4 Enfermedad Renal - 0 views

www.enfermedad-renal.com/...2220.html

etapa 4 enfermedad renal

shared by star yu on 28 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • star yu on 28 Apr 15
     
    Cuáles son el porcentaje de función renal en estadio 4 de la enfermedad renal?En la clínica, la enfermedad renal crónica puede ser dividido en cinco etapas y cada etapa tiene la función renal correspondiente.Para las personas que están en la etapa 4 enfermedad renal correspondiente debe ser inferior al 30%, al lado veamos algunos detalles al respecto.
Nathan Goodyear

Fructose decreases physical activity and increases body fat without affecting hippocamp... - 0 views

www.nature.com/...srep09589.html

fructose obesity fat diet nutrition activity physical activity

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 03 Aug 15 - No Cached
  • the fructose animals gained significantly more weight than the glucose animals
  • The average liver mass of mice in the fructose treatment group was 20% heavier than for mice in the glucose group
  • The fat pads of mice consuming the fructose diet were 69% heavier than the fat pads of animals consuming the glucose diet
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • there are many studies showing that consumption of fructose in comparison to other monosaccharides results in increased de novo lipogenesis, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, BW6, 7 and, most recently, impaired cognitive function
  • in the present study, the intake of fructose by mice was more similar to that of typical human consumption in comparison to previous studies
  • prolonged consumption of diets containing fructose (11 weeks) increased BW and body fat deposition
  • studies in humans confirm that fructose, but not glucose (when provided as 25% of energy requirements), in the context of an energy-balanced diet increases de novo lipogenesis and visceral adiposity along with dyslipidemia, decreases insulin sensitivity10, 12 and decreases in fat oxidation
  • we hypothesize that fructose may reduce voluntary energy expenditure in terms of physical activity.
  • significant reduction (~20%) in physical activity in the fructose-fed animals in comparison to glucose
  • a recent study reported that ingestion of fructose (25% energy intake, 10 weeks) in human volunteers also resulted in reduced energy expenditure in relation to a diet with the same glucose dose
  • There is certainly evidence to suggest that, for example, exercise is able to prevent dyslipidemia in healthy subjects fed a weight-maintenance high-fructose diet (30%)54, which strongly suggests a protective role of physical activity in metabolic regulation.
  • the potential negative effects of fructose in brain and cognitive function have been investigated, with a series of studies showing cognitive deficits in spatial memory and learning in adolescent and adult animals following access to a high fructose diet
  • access to both fructose and sucrose, but not glucose, results in a 40% reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis
  • Collectively these studies seem to suggest that fructose consumption can have a considerable impact on hippocampal function and learning, which is in direct contrast with what we observed.
  • the impact of fructose is apparent only in BW, liver mass and body fat, but not in cognitive measures or rates of neurogenesis
  • Nathan Goodyear on 03 Aug 15
     
    animal study finds that fructose increased liver mass, abdominal fat and decreased physical activity when compared to glucose.  The study groups were iso caloric, but one group was fed 18% fructose and the other 18% glucose.
Nathan Goodyear

Coenzyme Q10 in neuromuscular and neurodegenerativ... [Curr Drug Targets. 2010] - PubMe... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...20017723

CoQ10 Alzheimer's Parkinson's ALS Dementia Neurodegenerative disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Feb 11 - No Cached
  • a deficit in CoQ10 status has been determined in a number of neuromuscular and neurodegenerative disorders
  • A secondary loss of CoQ10 status following HMG-Coa reductase inhibitor (statins) treatment has be implicated in the pathophysiology of the myotoxicity associated with this pharmacotherapy
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Feb 11
     
    CoQ10 contributes to neurodegenerative disease, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, ALS..., in some
Nathan Goodyear

Coenzyme Q10 administration and its potential for ... [Biofactors. 1999] - PubMed result - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...10416039

CoQ10 neurodegenerative Alzheimer's Parkinson's ALS disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Feb 11 - No Cached
  • hese studies therefore raise the prospect that administration of CoQ10 may be useful for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Feb 11
     
    CoQ10 may be used to slow progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers, Parkinson's, ALS...
Nathan Goodyear

Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and ce... [J Neurol Sci. 2005] - PubMed result - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...15896810

CoQ10 mitochondria neurodegenerative disease Alzheimer's Parkinsons MS ALS oxidative stress

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Feb 11 - No Cached
  • There is significant evidence that the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, may involve the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) associated with mitochondrial dysfunction
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Feb 11
     
    Mitochondrial dysfunction at heart of diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimers, MS, ALS..
Nathan Goodyear

Coenzyme Q10 effects in neurodegenerative disease. [Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2009] - P... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...19966907

coenzyme q10 neurodegenerative Parkinson's Alzheimer's Huntington's ALS

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Feb 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Feb 11
     
    CoQ10 shown to be beneficial in treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, ALS, Huntington's, in animal models
Nathan Goodyear

Mitochondrial pathobiology in Parkinson's disease ... [J Alzheimers Dis. 2010] - PubMed... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...20413846

mitochondria Parkinson's disease ALS neurodegenerative

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 07 Feb 11 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 07 Feb 11
     
    mitochondria and contribution to neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease and ALS
Nathan Goodyear

The kynurenine pathway and inflammation in amyotro... [Neurotox Res. 2010] - PubMed result - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...19921535

kynurenine pathway inflammation neurodegenerative disease

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 12 Apr 11 - No Cached
  • We show the presence of neuroinflammation in ALS and provide the first strong evidence for the involvement of the KP in ALS. These data point to an inflammation-driven excitotoxic-chelation defective mechanism in ALS, which may be amenable to inhibitors of the KP
  • Nathan Goodyear on 12 Apr 11
     
    kynnurenine pathway, inflammation and neurodegenerative disease
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone and benign prostatic hyperplasia Jarvis TR, Chughtai B, Kaplan SA, - Asian... - 0 views

www.ajandrology.com/preprintarticle.asp

Testosterone BPH low T low Testosterone prostate cancer men male hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 01 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • The prevalence of hypogonadism (often defined as serum testosterone &lt; 300 ng dl−1 ) ranges from 6% [10] to as high as 38%
  • The process of BPH, however, continues as men age and despite the fact their serum testosterone decreases
  • Liu et al. [12] demonstrated that in a group of older males (mean age 59.8 years) that there was not a significant correlation of serum testosterone levels (total, free or bioavailable) with either prostate volume or International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS)
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • in eugonadal men, studies have demonstrated that the prostate can increase in volume by approximately 12%
  • There seems to be little doubt that the treatment with testosterone of a young hypogonadal male leads to significant growth of the prostate
  • Behre et al. [22] demonstrated increased prostate volume and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in hypogonadal men
  • Most studies, however, have shown no effect of exogenous androgens on PSA or prostate volume for older hypogonadal males
  • They argue that the prostate is relatively insensitive to changes in androgen concentration at normal levels or in mild hypogonadism because the AR is saturated by androgens and therefore maximal androgen-AR binding is achieved. Conversely, the prostate is very sensitive to changes in androgen levels when testosterone is low
  • saturation model
  • visceral obesity (one of the most significant components of metabolic syndrome) is associated with prostate volume and influences prostate growth during TRT.
  • This hypothesis of inflammation induced LUTS is also argued to be a mechanism for improvement of LUTS with PDE5I
  • The concept, therefore, that treatment with TRT of hypogonadal males with metabolic syndrome might lead to improvement/stabilization of their LUTS, appears to be confirmed in recent work by Francomano et al.
  • There was also an improvement in components of the patient's metabolic syndrome (such as BMI, waist circumference, hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], insulin sensitivity, and lipid profile) as well as inflammatory markers and C-reactive protein.
  • They concluded that TRT was safe in this group of men, and hypothesize that TRT mitigates the pro-inflammatory factors associated with metabolic syndrome.
  • Nathan Goodyear on 01 Dec 14
     
    Authors review the literature behind Testosterone and BPH.  The authors highlight the 4 proposed theories behind BPH: Testosterone, Estrogen, inflammation, and metabolic.   The conclusion is mixed: pointing out that no high level of evidence exists on either side of the debate of Testosterone and BPH.
Nathan Goodyear

Testosterone for the aging male; current evidence and recommended practice - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC2544367

leptin Testosterone low T low Testosterone male hormone hormones

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Oct 14 - No Cached
  • Total serum testosterone consists of free testosterone (2%–3%), testosterone bound to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) (45%) and testosterone bound to other proteins (mainly albumin −50%)
  • Testosterone binds only loosely to albumin and so this testosterone as well as free testosterone is available to tissues and is termed bioavailable testosterone
  • Testosterone bound to SHBG is tightly bound and is biologically inactive
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • Bioavailable and free testosterone are known to correlate better than total testosterone with clinical sequelae of androgenization such as bone mineral density and muscle strength
  • peak levels seen in the morning following sleep, which can be maintained into the seventh decade
  • Samples should always be taken in the morning before 11 am
  • The reliable measurement of serum free testosterone requires equilibrium dialysis. This is not appropriate for clinical use as it is very time consuming and therefore expensive.
  • With increasing age, a greater number of men have total testosterone levels just below the normal range or in the low-normal range. In these patients total testosterone can be an unreliable indicator of hypogonadal status.
  • It is advised that at least two serum testosterone measurements, taken before 11 am on different mornings, are necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
  • Patients with serum total testosterone consistently below 8 nmol/l invariably demonstrate the clinical syndrome of hypogonadism and are likely to benefit from treatment. Patients with serum total testosterone in the range 8–12 nmol/l often have symptoms attributable to hypogonadism and it may be decided to offer either a clinical trial of testosterone treatment or to make further efforts to define serum bioavailable or free testosterone and then reconsider treatment. Patients with serum total testosterone persistently above 12 nmol/l do not have hypogonadism and symptoms are likely to be due to other disease states or ageing per se so testosterone treatment is not indicated.
  • Total testosterone levels fall at an average of 1.6% per year whilst free and bioavailable levels fall by 2%–3% per year.
  • With advancing age there is also a reduction in androgen receptor concentration in some target tissues and this may contribute to the clinical syndrome of LOH
  • Metabolic clearance declines with age
  • Gonadotrophin levels rise during aging (Feldman et al 2002) and testicular secretory responses to recombinant human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) are reduced
  • There are changes in the lutenising hormone (LH) production which consist of decreased LH pulse frequency and amplitude, (Veldhuis et al 1992; Pincus et al 1997) although pituitary production of LH in response to pharmacological stimulation with exogenous GnRH analogues is preserved
  • the decreases in testosterone levels with aging seem to reflect changes at all levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Oct 14
     
    Leptin inhibits male Testosterone production at the level of the hypothalamus and at the testicle level.
star yu

El Doctor de Shijiazhuang Hospital de la Enfermedad Renal en China Sorpresa al Paciente - 0 views

www.enfermedad-renal.com/...2658.html

el tratamiento las medicinas chinas tradicionales

shared by star yu on 13 Nov 15 - No Cached
  • star yu on 13 Nov 15
     
    El doctor de Shijiazhuang Hospital de la Enfermedad Renal da una gran sorpresa al paciente . "Querida señorita.Fatumi, realmente me sorprende tu presente, sin embargo, es mi responsabilidad de cuidar de su padre, ya he puesto ese dinero (el presente le dio al doctor) en el hospital, Departamento de Finanzas, que se utilizará para su padre es un tratamiento posterior "Dr. Xiaohong Li, quien a partir de Shijiazhuang Hospital de la Enfermedad Renal Internacional Departamento, dijo la Srta.Fatumi, quien desde Sudán, por WhatsApp.
Nathan Goodyear

Unequal risks for breast cancer associated with different hormone replacement therapies... - 0 views

link.springer.com/...s10549-007-9523-x

breast cancer cancer hormones progesterone estrogen

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 09 Dec 16 - No Cached
  • Nathan Goodyear on 09 Dec 16
     
    Progesterone plus estrogen had a lower breast cancer risk compared to women not taking HRT at al.
star yu

¿Qué Tratamiento Puede Aayudar al Paciente con FSGS a Evitar el Trasplante de... - 0 views

www.enfermedad-renal.com/...3088.html

la inmunoterapia diálisis el tratamiento FSGS trasplante del riñón

shared by star yu on 22 Apr 16 - No Cached
  • star yu on 22 Apr 16
     
    Cuando FSGS progresó en insuficiencia renal en etapa terminal, el trasplante del riñón es considerado como la última opción por los pacientes. Sin embargo, para la mayor parte del paciente de trasplante de riñón no es la única opción. Entonces, ¿Qué tratamiento puede ayudar al paciente de insuficiencia a evitar el trasplante de riñón?
Nathan Goodyear

JISSN | Full text | International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: creatine ... - 0 views

www.jissn.com/6

creatine sports nutrition exercise

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • the energy supplied to rephosphorylate adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during and following intense exercise is largely dependent on the amount of phosphocreatine (PCr) stored in the muscle
  • Creatine is chemically known as a non-protein nitrogen
  • It is synthesized in the liver and pancreas from the amino acids arginine, glycine, and methionine
  • ...26 more annotations...
  • Approximately 95% of the body's creatine is stored in skeletal muscle
  • About two thirds of the creatine found in skeletal muscle is stored as phosphocreatine (PCr) while the remaining amount of creatine is stored as free creatine
  • The body breaks down about 1 – 2% of the creatine pool per day (about 1–2 grams/day) into creatinine in the skeletal muscle
  • The magnitude of the increase in skeletal muscle creatine content is important because studies have reported performance changes to be correlated to this increase
  • "loading" protocol. This protocol is characterized by ingesting approximately 0.3 grams/kg/day of CM for 5 – 7 days (e.g., ≃5 grams taken four times per day) and 3–5 grams/day thereafter [18,22]. Research has shown a 10–40% increase in muscle creatine and PCr stores using this protocol
  • Additional research has reported that the loading protocol may only need to be 2–3 days in length to be beneficial, particularly if the ingestion coincides with protein and/or carbohydrate
  • A few studies have reported protocols with no loading period to be sufficient for increasing muscle creatine (3 g/d for 28 days)
  • Cycling protocols involve the consumption of "loading" doses for 3–5 days every 3 to 4 weeks
  • Most of these forms of creatine have been reported to be no better than traditional CM in terms of increasing strength or performance
  • Recent studies do suggest, however, that adding β-alanine to CM may produce greater effects than CM alone
  • These investigations indicate that the combination may have greater effects on strength, lean mass, and body fat percentage; in addition to delaying neuromuscular fatigue
  • creatine phosphate has been reported to be as effective as CM at improving LBM and strength
  • Green et al. [24] reported that adding 93 g of carbohydrate to 5 g of CM increased total muscle creatine by 60%
  • Steenge et al. [23] reported that adding 47 g of carbohydrate and 50 g of protein to CM was as effective at promoting muscle retention of creatine as adding 96 g of carbohydrate.
  • It appears that combining CM with carbohydrate or carbohydrate and protein produces optimal results
  • Studies suggest that increasing skeletal muscle creatine uptake may enhance the benefits of training
  • Nearly 70% of these studies have reported a significant improvement in exercise capacity,
  • Long-term CM supplementation appears to enhance the overall quality of training, leading to 5 to 15% greater gains in strength and performance
  • Nearly all studies indicate that "proper" CM supplementation increases body mass by about 1 to 2 kg in the first week of loading
  • short-term adaptations reported from CM supplementation include increased cycling power, total work performed on the bench press and jump squat, as well as improved sport performance in sprinting, swimming, and soccer
  • Long-term adaptations when combining CM supplementation with training include increased muscle creatine and PCr content, lean body mass, strength, sprint performance, power, rate of force development, and muscle diameter
  • subjects taking CM typically gain about twice as much body mass and/or fat free mass (i.e., an extra 2 to 4 pounds of muscle mass during 4 to 12 weeks of training) than subjects taking a placebo
  • The gains in muscle mass appear to be a result of an improved ability to perform high-intensity exercise via increased PCr availability and enhanced ATP synthesis, thereby enabling an athlete to train harder
  • there is no evidence to support the notion that normal creatine intakes (&lt; 25 g/d) in healthy adults cause renal dysfunction
  • no long-term side effects have been observed in athletes (up to 5 years),
  • One cohort of patients taking 1.5 – 3 grams/day of CM has been monitored since 1981 with no significant side effects
  • Nathan Goodyear on 27 Jan 14
     
    Nice review of the data, up to the publication date, on creatine.
Nathan Goodyear

Sex, Receptors, and Attachment: A Review of Individual Factors Influencing Response to ... - 0 views

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/...PMC3541513

Oxytocin libido hormone hormones sex

shared by Nathan Goodyear on 29 Jul 13 - No Cached
  • Estrogen upregulates OT and OT receptor (OTR) production
  • testosterone promotes both OTR binding in the hypothalamus (Johnson et al., 1991) as well as production of AVP (Delville et al., 1996), which has many opponent actions to OT
  • men and women show differences in plasma OT levels
  • Nathan Goodyear on 29 Jul 13
     
    Oxytocin and libido.
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