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Genomes aren't orderly and neat; they're exceedingly messy and complex, filled with "noise" from which subtle signals are difficult to filter. A disease can arise from one or two mutations, or from the cumulative action of hundreds. This means finding genome mutations responsible for diseases is both incredibly difficult and also often fruitless: The variation in individual genomes is so large that nearly every single potential disease-causing mutation typically turns out to be benign.

Future expeditions to the moons of Jupiter and MaRS

Further discussion on how life on earth may have originated.

The Unuverse is on the verge of becoming virtual...

Traditional methods of transmitting data, such as fibre optics or laser-based radar, require roughly 100 photons to transmit a single bit of data. Now a team led by Saikat Guha at Raytheon BBN Technologies in Cambridge, Massachusetts, say they can transmit 10 bits on a single photon - a 1000-fold improvement.

In 1967, Simon Kochen and Ernst Specker proved mathematically that even for a single quantum object, where entanglement is not possible, the values that you obtain when you measure its properties depend on the context. So the value of property A, say, depends on whether you chose to measure it with property B, or with property C. In other words, there is no reality independent of the choice of measurement. It wasn't until 2008, however, that Alexander Klyachko of Bilkent University in Ankara, Turkey, and colleagues devised a feasible test for this prediction. They calculated that if you repeatedly measured five different pairs of properties of a quantum particle that was in a superposition of three states, the results would differ for the quantum system compared with a classical system with hidden variables. That's because quantum properties are not fixed, but vary depending on the choice of measurements, which skews the statistics. "This was a very clever idea," says Anton Zeilinger of the Institute for Quantum Optics, Quantum Nanophysics and Quantum Information in Vienna, Austria. "The question was how to realise this in an experiment." Now he, Radek Lapkiewicz and colleagues have realised the idea experimentally. They used photons, each in a superposition in which they simultaneously took three paths. Then they repeated a sequence of five pairs of measurements on various properties of the photons, such as their polarisations, tens of thousands of times. A beautiful experiment They found that the resulting statistics could only be explained if the combination of properties that was tested was affecting the value of the property being measured. "There is no sense in assuming that what we do not measure about a system has [an independent] reality," Zeilinger concludes.

Scientific search on a new level. Find papers and research papers easily and quickly.

The best erosion control systems are offered by Coastline Sediment Control in Australia. They have sediment control fence and waste enclosures that help prevent soil erosion to a large extent. They can withstand any kind of harsh external conditions.

Natural farming is popular a sustainable farming mainly for the reason that it results in protection of the environment. Trivedi Science is a pioneering scientific research organization aimed the high quality of produce as well-retinas soil fertility without any harmful effects.

Various techniques used in organic farming are crop rotation, biological pest control, green manure, composting, management of soil and weed, genetic modification etc. Organic agriculture or farming can hence be used as a protective measure for the environment indeed.

There is a vast production of mangoes across the globe, considering its demand the seed science and technology will help you to grow plants with uniformity and higher yields. Trusting seed technology for mango production makes a lot of senses.

Coastline Sediment Control offers safety barriers and gutter cleaning services in NSW. Road safety barrier systems must be installed at places where the risk of injury is much less than the risk without the device.

Soil erosion by water, wind and farmland affects agriculture as well as the natural environment. So, To remove soil erosion, Coastline Sediment Control offers you the very best methods online in Australia.

Soil testing analysis provides information about the health of the soil and all other contents of the soil sample. Soil testing includes testing of soil fertility, heavy metal in soil, and organic content in soil.