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Mars Base

Google Lat Long: Dive into the Great Barrier Reef with the first underwater imagery in ... - 0 views

google-latlong.blogspot.in/...t-barrier-reef-with-first.html

scibyte65 GoogleMap

shared by Mars Base on 27 Sep 12 - No Cached
  • experience six of the ocean’s most incredible living coral reefs
  • sea turtle swimming among a school of fish
  • follow a manta ray
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • experience the reef at sunset
  • see an ancient boulder coral, which may be several hundred years old
  • drift over the vast coral reef at Maui's Molokini crater
Mars Base

GRAIL First Results Provide Most Precise Lunar Gravity Map Yet - 0 views

www.universetoday.com/...most-precise-lunar-gravity-map

scibyte74 Grail

shared by Mars Base on 06 Dec 12 - No Cached
  • first science results from NASA’s twin GRAIL lunar orbiters provide incredible detail of the Moon’s interior and the highest resolution gravity field map of any celestial body, including Earth
  • Ebb and Flow, send radio signals to each other and any changes in distance between the two as they circle the Moon are measured, down to changes as small as
  • 1/ 20,000th the velocity that a snail moves
  • ...19 more annotations...
  • new gravity maps reveals an abundance of features such as tectonic structures, volcanic landforms, basin rings, crater central peaks and numerous simple, bowl-shaped craters
  • the moon’s gravity field is unlike that of any terrestrial planet in our solar system.
  • Ninety-eight percent of local gravity is associated with topography, while 2 percent are other gravitational features
  • You can see bull’s-eyes of the lunar mascons, but otherwise we see a smooth inner surface
  • The only way this could happen is if impacts to the early Moon shattered the inner surface
  • also revealed evidence for ancient volcanic activity under the surface of the Moon and strange linear gravitational anomalies
  • identified a large population of linear gravitational anomalies. We don’t see any expression of them on topography maps, so we infer that these are an ancient internal structures
  • Basin, which forms one of the ‘man on moon’s’ eyes, the gravity maps shows a linear feature crossing the basin while topography maps show no such correlating feature
  • the gravity anomaly formed before the impacts
  • Additional data reveal that the Moon’s inner crust in almost completely pulverized
  • Using GRAIL gravity data, we found the average thickness of the crust is 32-34 kilometers which is about 10 km less than previous studies
  • We found the bulk abundance of aluminum on Moon is nearly the same as that of the Earth
  • consistent with a recent hypothesis that the Moon is derived of materials from the Earth when it was formed during a giant impact event
  • GRAIL finishes the primary science mission in May and are currently working in an extended mission where the spacrafts’ altitude was lowered to just 23 km above the surface
  • During its prime mission, the two GRAIL spacecraft orbited just 55 km above the Moon’s surface
  • hearing results from the new data sets soon
  • the team will lower the GRAIL spacecraft down to just 11 km above the lunar surface.
  • extended mission will end soon, in mid-December, and soon after that, the two spacecraft will be crashed intentionally onto the lunar surface
  • they are still formulating ideas for the impact scenario, and looking at the possibility of aiming the crashes so they are within the field-of-view of instruments on NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
Mars Base

Europe's Billion-Star Mapping Spacecraft Snaps 1st Photo (Image) | Space.com - 0 views

www.space.com/-mapping-spacecraft-photo.html

scibyte120 ESA-Gaia

shared by Mars Base on 12 Feb 14 - No Cached
  • A new European spacecraft tasked with mapping a billion stars in the night sky  has beamed its first picture back to Earth.
  • its first test image
  • only covers an area less than 1 percent of Gaia's full field of view
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • Gaia launched into space on Dec. 19 and it will spend five years studying the precise positions, motions and properties of 1 billion stars in the Milky Way
  • goal of creating the most accurate 3D map to date of our home galaxy
  • Gaia has two telescopes that can stare out at two different patches of the sky simultaneously
  • Gaia's camera,
  • is the highest-resolution image sensor ever flown in space with about 1 billion pixels.
  • it will measure an average of 2 million stars per hour,
  • about 50 gigabytes of data each day.
  • Gaia will eventually compile more than million gigabytes of data
  • about 200,000 fully loaded DVDs
  • it will be able to capture all one billion of its targets during its first six months in operation
  • the spacecraft will measure each of its stars an average of 70 times throughout the course of its five-year mission
  • will measure physical characteristics of the stars, including their brightness, temperature and chemical makeup
Mars Base

NASA Moon Probes' Impact Craters Spotted from Space | Grail Mission | Space.com - 0 views

www.space.com/-grail-moon-probes-graves.html

scibyte87 Grail

shared by Mars Base on 20 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) snapped a series of photographs of the two 16.5-foot-wide (5 meters) craters, which mark where the space agency's twin Grail probes ended their gravity-mapping mission, and their operational lives, on Dec. 17.
  • It's a bit of a surprise that the LROC team was able to find the craters at all
  • the craters are small, nondescript features on a body riddled with impact scars
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • The two Grail spacecraft — known as Ebb and Flow — slammed into a mountain near the lunar north pole at 3,771 mph (6,070 km/h), striking the surface about 20 seconds apart.
  • The Grail craters first showed up in LROC photos from January, but images taken on Feb. 28 show them in much greater detail
  • used these later photos to produce a topographic map of the impact zone
  • This map revealed that the two craters are separated by about 7,250 feet (2,210 m) in straight-line distance and 985 feet (300 m) in altitude
  • the crashes ejected material that appears darker than the surrounding lunar dirt.
  • these may be dark due to spacecraft material being mixed with the ejecta
  • may be residual fuel left in the probes' lines, or bits of their carbon-fiber bodies
  • LRO didn't get any images of the actual crashes, which occurred in the dark.
  • ultraviolet imaging spectrograph did see emissions from mercury and atomic hydrogen in the ejected plumes when they rose high enough to reach sunlight
  • The analysis of the Grail impact plumes is ongoing
  • The probes' measurements have allowed scientists to create the best-ever gravity map of any celestial body
  • And that map is getting better all the time, as researchers continue to analyze the data
  • The twin probes, which were each about the size of a washing machine, zipped around the moon at an average altitude of just 7 miles (11 km) in their final days
Mars Base

First Ever Geologic Map of Io: 425 Volcanoes, No Craters - 0 views

www.universetoday.com/...of-io-425-volcanoes-no-craters

scibyte39 Io jupiter MarMedia

shared by Mars Base on 21 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • One of the reasons for making this map was to create a tool for continuing scientific studies of Io
  • target planning of Io observations on future missions to the Jupiter system
  • 19 different surface material types
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • mapping identified 425 paterae, or individual volcanic centers.
  • determined that most of the active hot spots occur in paterae, which cover less than 3 percent of Io’s surface
  • one feature you won’t see on the geologic map: impact craters
  • testifying to Io’s very active volcanic resurfacing
  • Io is so volcanically active — more than 25 times more volcanically active than Earth
  • most of the long-term surface changes resulting from volcanism are restricted to less than 15 percent of the surface
Mars Base

Full Titanic site mapped for 1st time - 0 views

www.physorg.com/...-03-full-titanic-site-1st.html

scibyte37 Titantic

shared by Mars Base on 09 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • April 10, 1912 file photo, the Luxury liner Titanic departs Southampton, England
  • Researchers have pieced together what's believed to be the first comprehensive map of the entire 3-by-5-mile Titanic debris field
  • Marks on the muddy ocean bottom suggest, for instance, that the stern rotated like a helicopter blade as the ship sank, rather than plunging straight down
  • ...16 more annotations...
  • sonar imaging and more than 100,000 photos taken from underwater robots to create the map
  • Explorers of the Titanic
  • have known for more than 25 years where the bow and stern landed
  • previous maps of the floor around the wreckage were incomplete
  • mapping took place in the summer of 2010 during an expedition to the Titanic led by RMS Titanic Inc., the legal custodian of the wreck
  • joined by other groups, as well as the cable History channel
  • Details on the new findings
  • are not being revealed yet
  • the network will air them in a two-hour documentary on April 15, exactly 100 years after the Titanic sank
  • high-resolution photos - 130,000 of them in all
  • self-controlled robots known
  • along the ocean bottom day and night
  • moving at a little more than 3 miles per hour as they traversed back and forth in a grid along the bottom
  • photos were stitched together on a computer to provide a detailed photo mosaic of the debris
  • layout of the wreck site and where the pieces landed provide new clues on exactly what happened
  • Computer simulations will re-enact the sinking in reverse, bringing the wreckage debris back to the surface and reassembled
Mars Base

Planck's most detailed map ever reveals an almost perfect Universe - 0 views

phys.org/...3-planck-reveals-universe.html

scibyte87 PlanckConstant

shared by Mars Base on 22 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • the most detailed map ever created of the cosmic microwave background
  • the relic radiation from the Big Bang
  • was released
  • ...31 more annotations...
  • revealing the existence of features that challenge the foundations of our current understanding of the Universe
  • The image is based on the initial 15.5 months of data from Planck and is the mission's first all-sky picture of the oldest light in our Universe, imprinted on the sky when it was just 380 000 years old.
  • At that time, the young Universe was filled with a hot dense soup of interacting protons, electrons and photons at about 2700ºC
  • protons and electrons joined to form hydrogen atoms, the light was set free
  • As the Universe has expanded, this light today has been stretched out to microwave wavelengths, equivalent to a temperature of just 2.7 degrees above absolute zero.
  • that correspond to regions of slightly different densities at very early times, representing the seeds of all future structure: the stars and galaxies of today
  • According to the standard model of cosmology, the fluctuations arose immediately after the Big Bang and were stretched to cosmologically large scales during a brief period of accelerated expansion known as inflation.
  • Planck was designed to map these fluctuations across the whole sky with greater resolution and sensitivity than ever before
  • By analysing the nature and distribution of the seeds in Planck's CMB image, we can determine the composition and evolution of the Universe from its birth to the present day
  • because precision of Planck's map is so high, it also made it possible to reveal some peculiar unexplained features that may well require new physics to be understood
  • Since the release of Planck's first all-sky image in 2010, we have been carefully extracting and analysing all of the foreground emissions that lie between us and the Universe's first light
  • revealing the cosmic microwave background in the greatest detail yet
  • One of the most surprising findings is that the fluctuations in the CMB temperatures at large angular scales do not match those predicted by the standard model
  • their signals are not as strong as expected from the smaller scale structure
  • Another is an asymmetry in the average temperatures on opposite hemispheres of the sky
  • This runs counter to the prediction made by the standard model that the Universe should be broadly similar in any direction we look
  • a cold spot extends over a patch of sky that is much larger than expected.
  • The asymmetry and the cold spot had already been hinted at with Planck's predecessor
  • NASA's WMAP mission, but were largely ignored because of lingering doubts about their cosmic origin
  • One way to explain the anomalies is to propose that the Universe is in fact not the same in all directions on a larger scale than we can observe
  • In this scenario, the light rays from the CMB may have taken a more complicated route through the Universe than previously understood, resulting in some of the unusual patterns observed today.
  • ultimate goal would be to construct a new model that predicts the anomalies and links them together
  • we don't know whether this is possible and what type of new physics might be needed
  • the Planck data conform spectacularly well to the expectations of a rather simple model of the Universe, allowing scientists to extract the most refined values yet for its ingredients
  • dark energy, a mysterious force thought to be responsible for accelerating the expansion of the Universe, accounts for less than previously thought.
  • Normal matter that makes up stars and galaxies contributes just 4.9% of the mass/energy density of the Universe
  • Dark matter, which has thus far only been detected indirectly by its gravitational influence, makes up 26.8%, nearly a fifth more than the previous estimate.
  • Planck data also set a new value for the rate at which the Universe is expanding today, known as the Hubble constant
  • At 67.15 kilometres per second per megaparsec, this is significantly less than the current standard value in astronomy
  • The data imply that the age of the Universe is 13.82 billion years.
  • We see an almost perfect fit to the standard model of cosmology, but with intriguing features that force us to rethink some of our basic assumptions
Mars Base

Google Maps Adds Views From Mt. Everest, Kilimanjaro, And More Famous Peaks | Popular S... - 0 views

www.popsci.com/...ntains-its-street-view-tourism

scibyte87 GoogleMap

shared by Mars Base on 20 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Google Maps Adds Views From Mt. Everest, Kilimanjaro, And More Famous Peaks
  • You can now scale Mt. Everest, Mt. Kilimanjaro, Russia's Mt. Elbrus and Argentina's Aconcagua
  • Unlike the Grand Canyon views, shot with Google's new Trekker backpack camera
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • mountain views were shot with a tripod and a digital camera with a fisheye lens
  • photos from the summits and some surrounding attractions and read more about the team behind the Everest trip on the Google Maps blog.
Mars Base

First-Ever Geologic Map of Jupiter's Volcanic Moon Io Unveiled | Jupiter's Pizza Moon |... - 0 views

www.space.com/moon-io-global-map-photos.html

scibyte39 Io jupiter MarMedia

shared by Mars Base on 21 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • first time, scientists have created a global geologic map of Jupiter's moon Io, the most volcanically active object in the solar system.
  • published this week by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS),
  • new map of Io's geology provides for the first time a detailed record of the different types of landforms and deposits that form the surface
Mars Base

Twin NASA Science Probes Start Lunar Gravity Mapping - 0 views

www.universetoday.com/...es-start-lunar-gravity-mapping

scibyte37 Grail

shared by Mars Base on 08 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • Twin GRAIL Moon Probes Ebb and Flow Start Lunar Gravity Science Mission
  • have just begun their science mission and will use a precision formation-flying technique to map Lunar Gravity
  • science mapping phase officially began Tuesday (March 6)
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • there is still a lot we don’t know about the Moon says Zuber, like why the near side is flooded with magma and smooth and the back side is not smooth and completely different.
  • formation-flying spacecraft will make detailed science measurements from lunar orbit with unparalleled precision to within 1 micron – the width of a human red blood cell
  • MoonKAMs on both Ebb and Flow were turned on Monday, March 5, and all appears well
  • Bozeman 4th graders will have the opportunity to target the first images a week after our science operations begin
Mars Base

NASA Space Telescopes Find Patchy Clouds on Exotic World - NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory - 0 views

www.jpl.nasa.gov/...news.php

scibyte105 exoplanet

shared by Mars Base on 05 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • Astronomers using data from NASA's Kepler and Spitzer space telescopes have created the first cloud map of a planet
  • known as Kepler-7b
  • Previous studies from Spitzer have resulted in temperature maps of planets orbiting other stars
  • ...21 more annotations...
  • this is the first look at cloud structures on a distant world.
  • observing this planet with Spitzer and Kepler for more than three years, we were able to produce a very low-resolution 'map' of this giant, gaseous planet
  • wouldn't expect to see oceans or continents on this type of world, but we detected a clear, reflective signature that we interpreted as clouds
  • Kepler-7b was one of the first
  • Kepler's visible-light observations of Kepler-7b's moon-like phases led to a rough map of the planet that showed a bright spot on its western hemisphere
  • data were not enough on their own to decipher whether the bright spot was coming from clouds or heat
  • Spitzer Space Telescope played a crucial role in answering this question
  • Spitzer can fix its gaze at a star system as a planet orbits around the star, gathering clues about the planet's atmosphere
  • Spitzer's ability to detect infrared light means it was able to measure Kepler-7b's temperature, estimating it to be between 1,500 and 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit (1,100 and 1,300 Kelvin).
  • relatively cool for a planet that orbits so close to its star -- within 0.06 astronomical units (one astronomical unit is the distance from Earth and the sun)
  • , too cool to be the source of light Kepler observed.
  • Instead, they determined, light from the planet's star is bouncing off cloud tops located on the west side of the planet.
  • Kepler-7b reflects much more light than most giant planets we've found, which we attribute to clouds in the upper atmosphere
  • the cloud patterns on this planet do not seem to change much over time -- it has a remarkably stable climate
  • With Spitzer and Kepler together, we have a multi-wavelength tool for getting a good look at planets that are trillions of miles away
  • exoplanet science
  • moving beyond just detecting exoplanets, and into the exciting science of understanding them
  • observations of Kepler-7b previously revealed that it is one of the puffiest planets known: if it could somehow be placed in a tub of water, it would float
  • found to whip around its star in just less than five days
  • a fully rendered 3D visualization tool, available for download at http://eyes.nasa.gov/exoplanets
  • program is updated daily with the latest findings from NASA's Kepler mission and ground-based observatories around the world as they search for planets
Mars Base

Crow-Size Pterosaur Named After 9-Year-Old Fossil Hunter -- National Geographic - 0 views

news.nationalgeographic.com/...aurs-dinosaurs-science-animals

scibyte87 dinosaur

shared by Mars Base on 22 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • A new species of crow-size pterosaur has been named in honor of the nine-year-old fossil hunter who discovered it
  • While exploring the U.K.'s Isle of Wight (map) in 2008, the then-five-year-old Morris came across blackened "bones sticking out of the sand
  • The Morris family brought the fossil to paleontologist Martin Simpson at the University of Southampton, who, with the help of colleagues, identified it as a new species
  • ...9 more annotations...
  • In pterosaurs, certain parts of the skeleton, especially the skull and the pelvis, are really distinct between different [species
  • The newfound creature also belonged to a group of pterosaurs called the azhdarchoids
  • All are from the Cretaceous, all are toothless, and many—perhaps all—were especially well adapted for life in terrestrial environments like woodlands, tropical forests, and floodplains
  • From the size of the pelvis
  • estimate
  • had a wingspan of about 2.5 feet (75 centimeters) and was just over a foot (35 centimeters) from snout to tail, making it about the size of a gull or large crow.
  • also inspired study co-author Simpson to write a children's book entitled Daisy and the Isle of Wight Dragon.
  • V. daisymorrisae lived in 145 to 65 million years ago
  • it probably had a head crest, was a reasonably good walker and runner on the ground, and could expertly fly through dense forests.
Mars Base

Google Maps climbs Everest - Telegraph - 0 views

www.telegraph.co.uk/...oogle-Maps-climbs-Everest.html

scibyte87 GoogleMap

shared by Mars Base on 22 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Google did not get to Everest's peak, which is at an altitude of 29,035 feet, or 8,850 meters, but the maps now include 360-degree views of four of the seven summits
  • highest peaks on all seven continents
  • lightweight camera and tripod with a fish-eye lens and in 2011, the spent 12 days
Mars Base

Antarctic's Mountains Revealed By Sharpest Map Yet - 0 views

news.nationalgeographic.com/...unken-mountains-antarctica-ice

scibyte97 scibyte98

shared by Mars Base on 08 Jun 13 - No Cached
  • the British Antarctic Survey, Bedmap2 drew upon millions of new measurements of the frozen continent's surface elevation, ice thickness, and bedrock topography from a wide variety of sources collected over several decades
  • the original Bedmap relied mostly on ground-based measurements, which limited the scientists in terms of how much land they could cover
  • a NASA program called Operation IceBridge sends out airplanes that fly over the entire continent. The airplanes are equipped with lasers that measure the surface mountains' heights and other features, as well as ice-penetrating radar that maps subglacial bedrock—"giving [scientists] a more 3-D picture of the ice sheet itself
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • the new data has revealed several smaller features—both on Antarctica's surface and buried under the ice—that were missed in the previous Bedmap effort
  • scientists want to know the shapes of mountains and rocks to model how fast ice will move across these features on its way to the ocean, where the ice can melt and contribute to sea level rise
Mars Base

Software automatically transforms movie clips into comic strips - 0 views

www.physorg.com/...automatically-movie-comic.html

scibyte38 media comic

shared by Mars Base on 14 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • a team of researchers has designed a program that can automatically transform movie scenes into comic strips, without the need for any human intervention.
  • previous programs have been developed to assist cartoonists in converting movies into comics
  • new method is the first fully automated approach
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • automatic script-face mapping algorithm that identifies the speaking character in scenes with multiple characters, automatic generation of comic panels of different sizes, positioning word balloons, and rendering movie frames in a cartoon style.
  • used the new method to transform 15 movie clips into comic strips
  • varied in length from 2 to 7 minutes
  • Titanic,” “Sherlock Holmes,” and “The Message
  • sometimes put word bubbles next to the faces of incorrect characters
  • script-face mapping algorithm had an accuracy of 85%, which the researchers hope to improve.
  • technique is capable of performing all steps automatically
  • researchers noted that involving some human effort could lead to even better results
  • software would provide recommendations for each step of the transformation process, and humans could manually adjust the results much more quickly and efficiently than in pure manual methods
  • two future plans
  • improve the performance of each component, such as script-face mapping, and hope we can generate perfect clips without user interaction
  • integrate speech recognition technology to generalize the software, such that we can generate comics without movie scripts
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