evidence comes from this graph, above, which shows the number of particles, mainly protons, from the Sun hitting Voyager 1 across time
uge drop at the end of August hints that Voyager 1 may now be in interstellar space
on July 28, the level of lower-energy particles originating from inside our Solar System dropped by half. However, in three days, the levels had recovered to near their previous levels. But then the bottom dropped out at the end of August.
Voyager team has said they have been seeing two of three key signs of changes expected to occur at the boundary of interstellar space
drop in particles from the Sun
jump in the level of high-energy cosmic rays originating from outside our Solar System.
third key sign would be the direction of the magnetic field
No word on that yet, but scientists are eagerly analyzing the data to see whether that has, indeed, changed direction
Scientists expect that all three of these signs will have changed when Voyager 1 has crossed into interstellar space.
Voyager project scientist for the entire mission, who was quoted in early August. "We are certainly in a new region at the edge of the solar system where things are changing rapidly. But we are not yet able to say that Voyager 1 has entered interstellar space."
the data are changing in ways that the team didn't expect, "but Voyager has always surprised us with new discoveries."
Voyager 1 launched on Sept. 5, 1977, is approximately 18 billion kilometers (11 billion miles) from the Sun
Voyager 2, which launched on Aug. 20, 1977, is close behind, at 15 billion km (9.3 billion miles) from the Sun.
, has for the first time measured the radius of a black hole at the center of a distant galaxy—the closest distance at which matter can approach before being irretrievably pulled into the black hole.
scientists linked together radio dishes in Hawaii, Arizona and California to create a telescope array called the "Event Horizon Telescope" (EHT) that can see details 2,000 times finer than what's visible to the Hubble Space Telescope.
, the team observed the glow of matter near the edge of this black hole—a region known as the "event horizon."
, not everything can cross the event horizon to squeeze into a black hole
"cosmic traffic jam" in which gas and dust build up, creating a flat pancake of matter known as an accretion disk
disk of matter orbits the black hole at nearly the speed of light, feeding the black hole a steady diet of superheated material
Over time, this disk can cause the black hole to spin in the same direction as the orbiting material
Caught up in this spiraling flow are magnetic fields, which accelerate hot material along powerful beams above the accretion disk
resulting high-speed jet, launched by the black hole and the disk, shoots out across the galaxy, extending for hundreds of thousands of light-years
jets can influence many galactic processes, including how fast stars form.
. Because M87's jet is magnetically launched from this smallest orbit,
astronomers can estimate the black hole's spin through careful measurement of the jet's size as it leaves the black hole
Until now, no telescope has had the magnifying power required for this kind of observation
team used a technique called Very Long Baseline Interferometry, or VLBI, which links data from radio dishes located thousands of miles apart.
, taken together, create a "virtual telescope" with the resolving power of a single telescope as big as the space between the disparate dishes
enables scientists to view extremely precise details in faraway galaxies.
Using the technique
team measured the innermost orbit of the accretion disk to be only 5.5 times the size of the black hole event horizon
According to the laws of physics, this size suggests that the accretion disk is spinning in the same direction as the black hole
first direct observation to confirm theories of how black holes power jets from the centers of galaxies
The team plans to expand its telescope array, adding radio dishes in Chile, Europe, Mexico, Greenland and Antarctica, in order to obtain even more detailed pictures of black holes in the future.
application for NTT DoCoMo subscribers will give two-way voice and text readouts of conversations between Japanese speakers and those talking in English, Chinese or Korean with a several-second delay
a free application that can be used on smartphones and tablet computers with the Android operating system
Customers will also be able to call landlines using the service, it said, adding that voice-to-text readouts will soon be available in French, German, Indonesian, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish and Thai
second half of the space station's six-person Expedition 33 crew
bringing some fishy friends to the space station
ferrying 32 small medaka fish to the space station so they can be placed inside a tank, called the Aquatic Habitat, for an experiment to study how fish adapt to weightlessness.
robotic Dragon space capsule
depart the space station on Sunday (Oct. 28)
will return nearly 2,000 pounds (907 kilograms) of science experiment hardware and other gear back to Earth.
Wednesday (Oct. 31), an unmanned Russian Progress spacecraft will launch toward the space station and arrive six hours later to make a Halloween delivery of food, equipment and other Halloween treats.
ted with technological and scientific achievements, including the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit in 1990 and the deployment of the Ulysses solar probe the same year.
The fleet leader, Discovery also returned the space shuttle program to flight after the losses of Challenger and Columbia in 1986 and 2003, respectively.
Swiss Space Center at EPFL is announcing today the launch of CleanSpace One, a project to develop and build the first installment of a family of satellites specially designed to clean up space debris.
NASA keeps close tabs on at least 16,000 of these objects that are larger than 10 cm in diameter
After its launch, the cleanup satellite will have to adjust its trajectory in order to match its target’s orbital plane
countdown reached zero and the engines of the Falcon 9 rocket carrying Dragon ignited, only to be cut off seconds later because of an excessive pressure reading in one of the engines
Technicians went out to the rocket's launch pad at the Air Force station's Complex 40 Saturday to examine the engines for signs of the issue's root cause
During rigorous inspections of the engine, SpaceX engineers discovered a faulty check valve on the Merlin engine
Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo suborbital space tourism vehicle has won U.S. regulatory approval to begin powered flight testing of the rocket-propelled craft later this year
May 30 announcement that the experimental launch permit from the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) authorizes the Scaled Composites development team "to progress to the rocket-powered phase of test flight
flight system consists of two vehicles, SpaceShipTwo and its WhiteKnightTwo carrier aircraft
esigned to launch six passengers and two pilots into suborbital spa
offer a few minutes of weightlessness, then return to Eath
not set a date for beginning commercial service
company said May 30 that it expects to begin rocket-powered test flights before the end of 2012
SpaceShipTwo will soon return to flight, testing the aerodynamic performance of the spacecraft with the full weight of the rocket motor system on board
Integration of key rocket motor components, already begun during a now-concluding period of downtime for routine maintenance, will continue in the autumn
expects to begin rocket powered, supersonic test flights under the just-issued experimental permit toward the end of the year."
The crewed version of SpaceX's Dragon space capsule has passed a key design review, moving one step closer to carrying astronauts into orbit, NASA officials announced
July 12).
company officials gave NASA details about every phase of a potential crewed Dragon mission to the International Space Station
outlined how it plans to modify its launch pads to support such a mission
discussed the Dragon capsule's docking capabilities, living arrangements, weight and power requirements and potential ground landing sites
designed to carry seven astronauts
also presented studies that showed how its launch abort system, which is known as SuperDraco, would perform if an emergency occurred shortly after liftoff
company told NASA how it would attempt to safeguard astronauts if something unexpected occurred on the way to orbit, in space or during the trip home
ready to move on to the next phase and on target to fly people into space aboard Dragon by the middle of the decade
SpaceX is one of four companies — along with Blue Origin, Boeing and Sierra Nevada Corp. — to receive funding over the last two years from NASA's Commercial Crew Program. CCP
NASA hopes at least two of these firms can have vehicles up and running by 2017
Armstrong was the pilot of the Gemini 8 mission, launched March 16, 1966. He performed the first successful docking of two vehicles in space (Gemini 8 docked with a previously launched Agena rocket).