Skip to main content

Home/ SciByte/ Group items tagged computer

Rss Feed Group items tagged

Mars Base

Mars Science Laboratory: Computer Swap on Curiosity Rover - 0 views

  • 02.28.2013
  • The ground team for NASA's Mars rover Curiosity has switched the rover to a redundant onboard computer in response to a memory issue on the computer that had been active
  • intentional swap at about 2:30 a.m. PST today (Thursday, Feb. 28) put the rover
  • ...16 more annotations...
  • "safe mode."
  • , into
  • safe mode to operational status over the next few days and is troubleshooting the condition that affected operations
  • The condition is related to a glitch in flash memory linked to the other, now-inactive, computer.
  • switched computers to get to a standard state from which to begin restoring routine operations
  • Like many spacecraft
  • Curiosity carries a pair of redundant main computers in order to have a backup available if one fails
  • Each of the computers, A-side and B-side, also has other redundant subsystems linked to just that computer
  • Curiosity is now operating on its B-side, as it did during part of the flight from Earth to Mars. It operated on its A-side from before the August 2012 landing through Wednesday.
  • While
  • resuming operations on the B-side, we are also working to determine the best way to restore the A-side as a viable backup
  • The spacecraft remained in communications at all scheduled communication windows on Wednesday, but it did not send recorded data, only current status information.
  • status information revealed that the computer had not switched to the usual daily "sleep" mode when planned
  • Diagnostic work in a testing simulation at JPL indicates the situation involved corrupted memory at an A-side memory location used for addressing memory files
  • Scientific investigations by the rover were suspended Wednesday
  • Resumption of science investigations is anticipated within several days
Mars Base

New research aims to teach computers common sense - 0 views

  • Researchers are trying to plant a digital seed for artificial intelligence by letting a massive computer system browse millions of pictures and decide for itself what they all mean
  • The system at Carnegie Mellon University is called NEIL, short for Never Ending Image Learning
  • In mid-July, it began searching the Internet for images 24/7 and, in tiny steps, is deciding for itself how those images relate to each other
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • The goal is to recreate what we call common sense—the ability to learn things without being specifically taught
  • NEIL uses advances in computer vision to analyze and identify the shapes and colors in pictures, but it is also slowly discovering connections between objects on its own
  • the computers have figured out that zebras tend to be found in savannahs and that tigers look somewhat like zebras
  • In just over four months, the network of 200 processors has identified 1,500 objects and 1,200 scenes and has connected the dots to make 2,500 associations
  • Some of NEIL's computer-generated associations are wrong
  • "rhino can be a kind of antelope,"
  • "actor can be found in jail cell"
  • "news anchor can look similar to Barack Obama."
  • having a computer make its own associations is an entirely different type of challenge than programming a supercomputer to do one thing very well, or fast
  • humans constantly make decisions using "this huge body of unspoken assumptions," while computers don
  • humans can also quickly respond to some questions that would take a computer longer to figure out
  • "Could a giraffe fit in your car?" she asked. "We'd have an answer, even though we haven't thought about it" in the sense of calculating the giraffe's body mass
  • In the future, NEIL will analyze vast numbers of YouTube videos to look for connections between objects
Mars Base

Backup Computer Glitches On Space Station But Crew Safe, NASA Says - 0 views

  • A backup computer that controls “some systems associated with robotics
  • is not “responding to commands
  • The crew is safe, there’s no “immediate” change to space station operations, and because the primary computer is working
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • If the computer does need to be replaced, crew members of Expedition 39 will need to do at least one spacewalk
  • NASA is allowing contingency spacewalks in American spacesuits to go forward as the agency addresses problems raised in a report about a life-threatening spacesuit leak in July
  •  confirmed Friday night that a backup computer on the exterior of the International Space Station (ISS) called a Multiplexer-Demultiplexer (MDM) is not responding to commands
  • The station’s MDM computers control some systems associated with robotics aboard the space station
  • The primary MDM operating aboard the space station is functioning normally and there is no immediate impact to space station operations
  • The computer outage does not pose a risk to the six crew members aboard the space station
  • Replacing the backup MDM, if needed, would require a spacewalk
  • April 11
Mars Base

Frenchman, American win Nobel for quantum physics (Update 6) - 0 views

  • American physicist David Wineland
  • and French physicist Serge Haroche speaks to the media in Paris after they were named winners of the 2012 Nobel Prize in physics.
  • for experiments on quantum particles that have already resulted in ultra-precise clocks and may one day help lead to computers many times faster than those in use today.
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • A Frenchman and an American shared the Nobel Prize in physics Tuesday for inventing methods to peer into the bizarre quantum world of ultra-tiny particles, work that could help in creating a new generation of super-fast computers
  • quantum computers could radically change people's lives in the way that classical computers did last century, but a full-scale quantum computer is still decades away
  • in a quantum computer, an individual particle can essentially represent a zero and a one at the same time
  • If scientists can make such particles work together, certain kinds of calculations could be done with blazing speed.
  • The prizes are always handed out on Dec. 10, the anniversary of prize founder Alfred Nobel's death in 1896.
  • 2012: Serge Haroche of France and David Wineland of the U.S. for "for ground-breaking experimental methods" that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems
  • 2011: American physicist Saul Perlmutter, U.S.-Australian researcher Brian Schmidt and American professor Adam Riess "for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae."
Mars Base

Carnegie Mellon computer searches web 24/7 to analyze images and teach itself common sense - 0 views

  • NEIL leverages recent advances in computer vision that enable computer programs to identify and label objects in images, to characterize scenes and to recognize attributes, such as colors, lighting and materials, all with a minimum of human supervision
  • since late July and already has analyzed three million images, identifying 1,500 types of objects in half a million images and 1,200 types of scenes in hundreds of thousands of images
  • sometimes, what NEIL finds can surprise even the researchers
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • a search for "apple" might return images of fruit as well as laptop computers
  • team had no idea that a search for F-18 would identify not only images of a fighter jet, but also of F18-class catamarans
  • As its search proceeds, NEIL develops subcategories of objects
  • tricycles can be for kids, for adults and can be motorized, or cars come in a variety of brands and models
  • it begins to notice associations – that zebras tend to be found in savannahs, for instance, and that stock trading floors are typically crowded
Mars Base

Science Retractions: Top 5 Withdrawn Studies Of 2012 - 0 views

  • Hyung-In Moon is a genius, says Hyung-In Moon
  • Korean scientist Hyung-In Moon took the concept of scientific peer review to a whole new level by reviewing his own papers under various fake names
  • Moon's research — which included a study on alcoholic liver disease and another on an anticancer plant substance — can't be trusted
  • ...33 more annotations...
  • admitted to falsifying data in some of his papers
  • , 35 of his papers have been retracted in 2012.
  • Peer review is a process in which scientific peers in the same field judge the merit of a submitted journal paper
  • editors at the Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry grew suspicious when four of his glowing reviews came back within 24 hours. Anyone who has ever submitted a paper for peer review knows that reviewers take weeks or months to reply
  • Math paper a big, fat zero
  • "In this study, a computer application was used to solve a mathematical problem"
  • Neither the one-sentence abstract
  • nor the co-author's e-mail address, ohm@budweiser.com
  • publishing this one-page gem entitled "A computer application in mathematics"
  • published in January 2010 but not retracted until April 2012, despite silly sentences such as "Computer magnification is a Universal computer phenomenon" and "This is a problematic problem."
  • retracted the paper because it "contains no scientific content." The editors chalked it up to "an administrative error
  • Maybe his failure doesn't feel better than success
  • The Dutch social psychologist Diederik Stapel
  • has found that,
  • failure sometimes feels better than success
  • The only problem is that his research appears to be either mostly or completely fabricated
  • work has appeared in top journals
  • his good looks and clever research topics made him a media darling
  • So far, 31 papers have been retracted
  • meat eaters are absolved: One of Stapel's studies, now suspected to be fabricated, found that meat eaters are more selfish and less social than vegetarians
  • Studies proposing a link between cellphone use and cancer often rely on weak statistics. This one just used fudged data
  • in 2008, scientists published a paper
  • stating that cellphones in standby mode lowered the sperm count and caused other adverse changes in the testicles of rabbits
  • although small and published in a rather obscure journal, made the news rounds.
  • In March 2012, the authors retracted the paper
  • the lead author didn't get permission from his two co-authors and, according to the retraction notice, there was a "lack of evidence to justify the accuracy of the data presented in the article."
  • Stem-cell cure for heart disease likely faked
  • biologist Shinya Yamanaka had just won the 2012 Nobel Prize for his discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), which are adult cells that can be reprogrammed to their "embryonic" stage
  • claimed at a New York Stem Cell Foundation meeting in early October to have advanced this technology to cure a person with terminal heart failure
  • Two institutions listed as collaborating on Moriguchi's related papers
  • denied that any of Moriguchi's procedures took place there
  • origuchi has admitted only to making some "procedural" mistakes
  • He is sticking to his story, however, that one patient was cured … at a Boston hospital not yet named
Mars Base

Chipmaker Races to Save Stephen Hawking's Speech as His Condition Deteriorates: Sc... - 0 views

  • Renowned physicist Stephen Hawking has long relied on technology to help him connect with the outside world despite the degenerative motor neuron disease he has battled for the past 50 years
  • a highly respected computer scientist indicated at last week’s International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) that he and his team may be close to a breakthrough that could boost the rate at which the physicist communicates, which has fallen to a mere one word per minute in recent years.
  • For the past decade Hawking has used a voluntary twitch of his cheek muscle to compose words and sentences one letter at a time that are expressed through a speech-generation device connected to his computer.
  • ...25 more annotations...
  • Each tweak stops a cursor that continuously scans text on a screen facing the scientist.
  • Intel chief technology officer
  • noted that Hawking can actually make a number of other facial expressions as well that might also be used to speed up the rate at which the physicist conveys his thoughts
  • Even providing Hawking with two inputs would give him the ability to communicate using Morse code
  • Intel has since the late 1990s supplied Hawking with technology to help the scientist express himself
  • The latest chapter in their work together began in late 2011 when Hawking reached out to
  • inform
  • the Intel co-founder and father of Moore’s law that the physicist’s ability to compose text was slowing and inquiring whether Intel could help.
  • met with Hawking early last year around the time of the latter’s 70th birthday celebration in Cambridge, where the Intel CTO was one of the speakers
  • After meeting with Hawking
  • he wondered whether his company’s processor technology could restore the scientist’s ability to communicate at five words per minute, or even increase that rate to 10
  • Intel is now working on a system that can use Hawking’s cheek twitch as well as mouth and eyebrow movements to provide signals to his computer
  • built a new, character-driven interface in modern terms that includes a better word predictor
  • company is also exploring the use of facial-recognition software to create a new user interface for Hawking that would be quicker than selecting individual letters or words
  • A black box beneath his wheelchair contains an audio amplifier, voltage regulators and a USB hardware key that receives the input from an infrared sensor on Hawking’s eyeglasses, which detects changes in light as he twitches his cheek
  • current setup includes a tablet PC with a forward-facing Webcam that he can use to place Skype calls
  • A hardware voice synthesizer sits in another black box on the back of the chair and receives commands from the computer via a USB-based serial port
  • Intel’s work with Hawking is part of the company’s broader research into smart gadgets as well as assistive technologies for the elderly
  • The key to advancing smart devices—which have been at a plateau over the past five or six years—is context awareness
  • Devices will really get to know us the way a friend would, understanding how our facial expressions reflect our mood
  • Intel’s plan for identifying personal context requires a combination of hardware sensors—camera, accelerometer, microphone, thermometer and others
  • with software that can check one’s personal calendar, social networks and Internet browsing habits, to name a few.
  • use this [information] to reason your current context and what's important at any given time [and deliver] pervasive assistance
  • One approach to “pervasive assistance” is the Magic Carpet, a rug that Intel and GE developed with embedded sensors and accelerometers that can record a person’s normal routine and even their gait, sounding an alert when deviations are detected.
  • Such assistance will anticipate our needs, letting us know when we are supposed to be at an appointment and even reminding us to carry enough cash when running certain errands
Mars Base

Smartpen takes handwritten notes into mobile, cloud era - 0 views

  • When used on special paper, the pens record your every scribble with a built-in camera
  • they can also record audio at the same time and sync that audio with what you write
  • recently updated its lineup of pens for the cloud-based, mobile computing era
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • Sky, the new smartpens sync with Evernote, the popular Internet-based notetaking and storage service, rather than with the user's computer. And they typically connect to Evernote directly through their built-in Wi-Fi radios
  • near a hotspot, their Sky pens will begin syncing their notes as soon as they stop recording them.
  • the new pens is that they - and the notes they record - are no longer tethered to an individual computer
  • Sky pen owners can send up to 500 megabytes of data for free from their smartpens. That's about 70 hours worth of recordings or 10,000 pages of notes
  • The two companies have built into Evernote a Livescribe player that allows users to see and hear their notes at the same time
  • Evernote arranges the notes by page in their notebook, but when you click or tap on the page, the Livescribe player will collect and display all the pages of notes from that particular recording.
  • the service scans them for recognizable characters and words so users can search them
  • has several shortcomings
  • the pen is married to Evernote. You can't choose to sync your notes with any other service
  • Another limitation of the Sky pen is that it can be slow to transfer recordings
  • All Livescribe pens allow users to replay audio recordings by simply tapping their pen on their written notes
  • you have to use them with company approved paper
  • does allow users to print out paper with the patterns on it, but if you want to use a notebook, you have to choose one approved by the company
Mars Base

Failed Space Station Computer Spurs Contingency Spacewalk Plans - 0 views

  • April 12
  • NASA is preparing a contingency spacewalk to deal with a broken backup computer component
  • in an update Saturday (April 12)
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • there’s no timeline yet for the spacewalk, the agency must consider carefully when to do it given a cargo ship is supposed to arrive at station on Wednesday.
  • The failure was uncovered Friday “during a routine health check” of a box called EXT-2, which backs up a primary component that sits outside on the S0 truss (near the station’s center)
Mars Base

Contingency Spacewalk Planned Next Week, But Dragon Must Arrive At Space Station First - 0 views

  • : a quick 2.5-hour run to swap out a failed backup computer that controls several systems
  • including robotics
  • t NASA doesn’t want to go ahead with it until spare spacesuit parts arrive, in the aftermath of a life-threatening suit leak that took place last summer.
  • ...14 more annotations...
  • Those parts are on board the
  • SpaceX Dragon spacecraft
  • The spacewalk would take place April 22 — if Dragon gets there as planned on Wednesday
  • e Dragon is carrying a new spacesuit, components to fix an existing spacesuit, critical research experiments and food for the six crew members of Expedition 39.
  • The challenge, however, is making sure the station could be ready even if the primary multiplexer demultiplexer (MDM) fails before spacewalkers can make the backup replacement.
  • There are more than a dozen MDMs on station, but each one controls different functions
  • This primary MDM not only controls a robotics mobile transporter, but also radiators and a joint to move the station’s solar arrays, among other things.
  • . NASA needs to reposition the arrays when a vehicle approaches because plumes from the thrusters can put extra “loads” or electrical power on the system.
  • Luckily, the angle of the sun is such these days that the array can sit in the same spot for a while, at least two to three weeks
  •  NASA configured the station so that even if the primary computer fails, the array will automatically position correctly
  • NASA also will move a mobile transporter on station today so that the station’s robotic arm is ready to grasp the Dragon when it arrives, meaning that even if the primary computer fails the transporter will be in the right spot
  • If Dragon is delayed again, the next launch opportunity is April 18 and the spacewalk would be pushed back
  • There are at least two or three spare MDMs on station
  • the one needed for this particular spacewalk is inside the U.S. Destiny laboratory, which is handily right next to the S0 truss and spacesuit worksite.
Mars Base

Dream contents deciphered by computer | Body & Brain | Science News - 0 views

  • Experiments with mice have revealed aspects of sleep and dreaming, such as how the experiences contribute to forming memories
  • researchers recorded brain activity in three adult male volunteers during the early stages of sleep
  • After the subjects had dozed off, they were repeatedly awakened and asked for detailed reports on what they had seen while sleeping
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • After gathering at least 200 such reports from the three men, the researchers used a lexical database to group the dreamed objects in coarse categories, such as street, furniture and girl
  • On average, the computer could pick which of two objects had appeared in a dream 70 percent of the time
  • Computer algorithms sorted through
  • patterns of brain activity, linking particular patterns with objects
  • The study bolsters the notion that the vivid imagery of dreams, no matter how fantastic, is as real as waking life,
  • from the brain’s perspective
Mars Base

Frequent multitaskers are bad at it: Motorists overrate ability to talk on cell phones ... - 0 views

  • Most people believe they can multitask effectively, but a
  • study indicates that people who multitask the most – including talking on a cell phone while driving – are least capable of doing so.
  • data suggest the people talking on cell phones while driving are people who probably shouldn't. We showed that people who multitask the most are those who appear to be the least capable of multitasking effectively
  • ...22 more annotations...
  • The people who are most likely to multitask harbor the illusion they are better than average at it, when in fact they are no better than average and often worse
  • The study ran 310 undergraduate psychology students through a battery of tests and questionnaires to measure actual multitasking ability, perceived multitasking ability, cell phone use while driving, use of a wide array of electronic media, and personality traits such as impulsivity and sensation-seeking.
  • people who score high on a test of actual multitasking ability tend not to multitask because they are better able to focus attention on the task at hand
  • 70 percent of participants thought they were above average at multitasking, which is statistically impossible
  • The more people multitask by talking on cell phones while driving or by using multiple media at once, the more they lack the actual ability to multitask, and their perceived multitasking ability "was found to be significantly inflated
  • People with high levels of impulsivity and sensation-seeking reported more multitasking
  • there was an exception: People who talk on cell phones while driving tend not to be impulsive, indicating that cell phone use is a deliberate choice
  • research suggests that people who engage in multitasking often do so not because they have the ability, but "because they are less able to block out distractions and focus on a singular task
  • The study participants were 310 University of Utah psychology undergraduates – 176 female and 134 male with a median age of 21 – who volunteered for their department's subject pool in exchange for extra course credit.
  • To measure actual multitasking ability, participants performed a test named Operation Span, or OSPAN.
  • The test involves two tasks: memorization and math computation
  • Participants must remember two to seven letters, each separated by a math equation that they must identify as true or false
  • A simple example of a question: "is 2+4=6?, g, is 3-2=2?, a, is 4x3=12." Answer: true, g, false, a, true.
  • Participants also ranked their perceptions of their own multitasking ability by giving themselves a score ranging from zero to 100, with 50 percent meaning average.
  • Study subjects reported how often they used a cell phone while driving, and what percentage of the time they are on the phone while driving
  • also completed a survey of how often and for how many hours they use which media, including printed material, television and video, computer video, music, nonmusic audio, video games, phone, instant and text messaging, e-mail, the Web and other computer software such as word processing
  • researchers looked for significant correlations among results of the various tests and questionnaires
  • people who multitask the most tend to be impulsive, sensation-seeking, overconfident of their multitasking abilities, and they tend to be less capable of multitasking
  • 25 percent of the people who performed best on the OSPAN test of multitasking ability "are the people who are least likely to multitask and are most likely to do one thing at a time
  • 70 percent of participants said they were above-average at multitasking, and they were more likely to multitask
  • Media multitasking – except cell phone use while driving – correlated significantly with impulsivity, particularly the inability to concentrate and acting without thinking.
  • Multitasking, including cell phone use while driving, correlated significantly with sensation-seeking, indicating some people multitask because it is more stimulating, interesting and challenging, and less boring – even if it may hurt their overall performance
Mars Base

Smart headlights let drivers see between the raindrops - 0 views

  • During low-light conditions, drivers rely mainly on headlights to see the road but the same headlights reduce visibility when light is reflected off of precipitation back to the driver
  • Carnegie Mellon professor and his team
  • Computer science professor Srinivasa Narasimhan
  • ...22 more annotations...
  • stream light in between the drops
  • answer consists of a co-located imaging and illumination system-- camera, projector, and beamsplitter
  • integrate an imager and processing unit with a light source
  • camera images the precipitation at the top of the field of view
  • processor can tell where the drops are headed and sends a signal to the headlights
  • make their adjustments and react to dis-illuminate the particles
  • entire action, starting from capture to reaction, takes about 13 ms.
  • system runs at 120 Hz. The camera uses a 5 ms exposure time and the system has a total latency of 13 ms
  • how fast will the system need to be, to be actually effective, in a car
  • simulations show that a system operating near 1,000 Hz, with a total system latency of 1.5 ms, and exposure time of 1 ms can achieve 96.8% accuracy
  • 90% light throughput during a heavy rainstorm [25 mm/hr] on a vehicle traveling 30 km/hr
  • 400 Hz with less accuracy will be a significant [>= 70%] improvement for the driver
  • operating range is about 13 feet in front of the headlights
  • recent computer vision methods that digitally remove rain and snow streaks from captured images
  • simulation results show that it is possible to maintain light throughput well above 90 percent for various precipitation types and
  • prototype system operating at 120Hz on laboratory-generated rain, which validated their earlier simulations
  • prototype consists of a camera with gigabit ethernet interface (Point Grey, Flea3), DLP projector (Viewsonic, PJD62531), and desktop computer with Intel architecture (Intel i7 quad core processor).
  • next steps will involve making the system faster and more compact to test on a moving platform
  • research for those ends may take three to four more years and “commercializing it as a product will take additional years.”
  • the prototype was built with off-the-shelf components
  • data transfer speed is slower than if the components were more closely integrated
  • more sophisticated algorithms are needed to maximize system speed and account for factors such as vehicle motion and wind turbulence
Mars Base

February 13 - Today in Science History - Scientists born on February 13th, died, and ev... - 0 views

  • FEBRUARY 13
  • Family Portrait Of The Planets
  • In 1990, the U.S. space probe Voyager I , while heading out to the edge of the Solar System, at 5:12pm PST began a four-hour series of photographs in a look backward which captured the Sun and six planets. An elongated large mozaic was later made by combining about 60 images. In this first “Family Portrait of the Planets”, the Sun appeared almost star-like and the planets were mere dots. Mercury was too close to the sun to photograph. Mars and Pluto, were too small to resolve. This first record of the Solar System from space may remain the only one for decades to follow. Voyager I had a unique lofty perspective, looking down on the plane in which the planets orbit. It had been steadily climbing since it passed Saturn in 1980, and reached an angle of 32 degrees high above the plane of the solar system
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • ENIAC first operated
  • In 1946, the world's first electronic digital computer, ENIAC (the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) was first demonstrated at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania, by the late John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert. The ENIAC machine occupied a room 30 by 50 feet. Its birth lay in WW II as a classified military project known only as Project PX. The ENIAC is historic because it laid the foundations for the modern electronic computing industry. The ENIAC demonstrated that high-speed digital computing was possible using the vacuum tube technology then available. Built out of some 17,468 electronic vacuum tubes, ENIAC was in its time the largest single electronic apparatus in the world
Mars Base

Publishers withdraw more than 120 gibberish papers : Nature News & Comment - 0 views

  • The publishers Springer and IEEE are removing more than 120 papers from their subscription services after a French researcher discovered that the works were computer-generated nonsense.
  • Over the past two years
  • catalogued computer-generated papers that made it into more than 30 published conference proceedings between 2008 and 2013
  • ...21 more annotations...
  • Sixteen appeared in publications by Springer
  • more than 100 were published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE),
  • One of the named authors replied t
  • said that he first learned of the article when conference organizers notified his university in December 2013;
  • he does not know why he was a listed co-author on the paper.
  • Among the works
  • a paper published as a proceeding from the 2013 International Conference on Quality, Reliability, Risk, Maintenance, and Safety Engineering, held in Chengdu, China.
  • The authors of the paper, entitled ‘TIC: a methodology for the construction of e-commerce’,
  • in the abstract that they “concentrate our efforts on disproving that spreadsheets can be made knowledge-based, empathic, and compact”.
  • a way to automatically detect manuscripts composed by a piece of software called SCIgen, which randomly combines strings of words to produce fake computer-science papers
  • SCIgen was invented in 2005 by researchers
  • to prove that conferences would accept meaningless papers — and, as they put it, “to maximize amusement”
  • A related program generates random physics manuscript titles on the satirical website arXiv vs. snarXiv.
  • SCIgen is free to download and use, and it is unclear how many people have done so, or for what purposes
  • SCIgen’s output has occasionally popped up at conferences, when researchers have submitted nonsense papers and then revealed the trick.
  • Most of the conferences took place in China, and most of the fake papers have authors with Chinese affiliations.
  • The papers are quite easy to spot,” says Labbé, who has built a website where users can test whether papers have been created using SCIgen.
  • involves searching for characteristic vocabulary generated by SCIgen
  • In April 2010, he used SCIgen to generate 102 fake papers by a fictional author called Ike Antkare
  • showed how easy it was to add these fake papers to the Google Scholar database
  • There is a long history of journalists and researchers getting spoof papers accepted in conferences or by journals to reveal weaknesses in academic quality controls
Mars Base

How Our Brain Balances Old and New Skills - 0 views

  • To learn new motor skills, the brain must be plastic: able to rapidly change the strengths of connections between neurons, forming new patterns that accomplish a particular task
  • if the brain were too plastic, previously learned skills would be lost too easily.
  • A new computational model developed by MIT neuroscientists explains how the brain maintains the balance between plasticity and stability
  • ...31 more annotations...
  • and how it can learn very similar tasks without interference between them.
  • The key
  • is that neurons are constantly changing their connections with other neurons
  • not all of the changes are functionally relevant - they simply allow the brain to explore many possible ways to execute a certain skill, such as a new tennis stroke
  • As the brain learns a new motor skill, neurons form circuits that can produce the desired output
  • according to this theory
  • As the brain explores different solutions, neurons can become specialized for specific tasks
  • brain is always trying to find the configurations that balance everything so you can do two tasks, or three tasks, or however many you're learning
  • Perfection is usually not achieved on the first try, so feedback from each effort helps the brain to find better solutions
  • complications arise when the brain is trying to learn many different skills at once
  • Because the same distributed network controls related motor tasks, new modifications to existing patterns can interfere with previously learned skills.
  • particularly tricky when you're learning very similar things
  • such as two different tennis strokes
  • computer chip,
  • instructions for each task would be stored in a different location on the chip.
  • the brain is not organized like a computer chip. Instead, it is massively parallel and highly connected - each neuron connects to, on average, about 10,000 other neurons
  • That connectivity offers an advantage, however, because it allows the brain to test out so many possible solutions to achieve combinations of tasks
  • neurons
  • have a very low signal to noise ratio, meaning that they receive about as much useless information as useful input from their neighbors
  • The constant changes in these connections,
  • researchers call hyperplasticity
  • balanced by another inherent trait of
  • Most models of neural activity don't include noise, but the MIT team says noise is a critical element of the brain's learning ability
  • This model helps to explain how the brain can learn new things without unlearning previously acquired skills
  • the paper shows is that, counterintuitively, if you have neural networks and they have a high level of random noise, that actually helps instead of hindering the stability problem
  • Without noise, the brain's hyperplasticity would overwrite existing memories too easily
  • low plasticity would not allow any new skills to be learned, because the tiny changes in connectivity would be drowned out by all of the inherent noise
  • The constantly changing connections explain why skills can be forgotten unless they are practiced often, especially if they overlap with other routinely performed tasks
  • skills such as riding a bicycle, which is not very similar to other common skills, are retained more easily
  • Once you've learned something, if it doesn't overlap or intersect with other skills, you will forget it but so slowly that it's essentially permanent
  • researchers are now investigating whether this type of model could also explain how the brain forms memories of events, as well as motor skills
Mars Base

NASA's Curiosity rover to be back online next week - 0 views

  • On February 28, controllers put the rover into "minimal activity safe mode," when they switched the machine's operations to a backup computer after detecting malfunctions in the primary computer's flash memory.
  • The statement said the rover exited safe mode on Saturday and its high gain antenna went back online on Sunday.
1 - 20 of 107 Next › Last »
Showing 20 items per page