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AMD, the photoreceptors do not function, which prevents the brain from receiving these signals from the eyes

bio-retina implant is essentially a combined imaging circuit and neural interface which is glued rather than sutured to a patient’s macula

area of the retina responsible for high-resolution central vision

Measuring 3 x 4 mm and 1 mm thick, the implant is designed to capture light through the normal optical track of the eyeball and stimulate neurons to transmit information to the brain, essentially restoring the function of the damaged photoreceptors

Light incident on the implant is collected by an array of CMOS pixels

first-generation bio-retina will use an array of 600 pixels, although the aim is to increase this to 5000 pixels in future generations

Nano Retina has dedicated a substantial amount of time developing a proprietary algorithm that translates the received visual information and image into the neuron language

translating circuitry that discriminates 100 gray-scale levels and responds to varying light levels. It is a sophisticated process

implant uses an array of micro-electrodes that first penetrate into the retina, then connect closely to the neurons and thereafter transmit the information. The goal is that every pixel will connect to a neuron, so that every pixel in the array would use a micro-electrode

neurons must be stimulated electrically

the bio-retina implant also requires a source of electrical power

Patients who undergo surgery to implant a bio-retina will need to wear a special set of glasses

glasses feature a built-in battery and an infrared diode laser. “The infrared laser light is transmitted into the eye and captured by a miniature photovoltaic cell on the bio-retina

harvests the energy, which in turn powers the electronic circuitry. Our goal is for the imager and the electronics to consume no more than 1mW

system includes an antenna, an electronics case, and electrode array

designed to bypass damaged photoreceptors altogether

video camera in the glasses captures a scene

video is sent to a small patient-worn computer VPU where it is processed and transformed into instructions sent back to the glasses via a cable

transmitted wirelessly to the antenna in the implant

signals are sent to the electrode array, which emits small pulses of electricity. The pulses bypass the damaged photoreceptors and stimulate the retina’s remaining

Users of the Argus II bionic eye say that they can see rough shapes and track the movement of objects; they can slowly read large writing.

Anticipation is high, meanwhile, for a bionic retina that has been designed to restore sight at less cost and with a different technique

Bio-Retina developed by Nano Retina does not make use of an external camera

vision-restoring sensor is placed inside the eye, on top of the damaged retina

24×24-resolution (576-pixel) sensor atop the damaged retina. The device generates a grayscale image

implant is inserted through an incision in the eye

procedure takes 30 minutes and requires only local anesthesia

transforms naturally received light into an electrical signal that stimulates the neurons, which send the pictures received by Bio-Retina to the brain

rechargeable, battery-powered mini-laser on a pair of eyeglasses powers the implant wirelessly

anticipated recover time is up to one week

patients able to distinguish faces and to be able to look from side to side with their eyes rather than needing to turn their heads