human stem cells can be genetically engineered into HIV-fighting cells
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Engineered stem cells seek out and kill HIV in living mice - 0 views
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CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes -- the "killer" T cells that help fight infection -- from an HIV-infected individual and identified the molecule known as the T cell receptor, which guides the T cell in recognizing and killing HIV-infected cells.
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CD4 cells are white blood cells that are an important component of the immune system, helping to fight off infections.
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engineering stem cells to form immune cells that target HIV is effective in suppressing the virus in living tissues in an animal model
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Expanding on previous research providing proof-of-principle that human stem cells can be genetically engineered into HIV-fighting cells
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The engineered stem cells developed into a large population of mature, multi-functional HIV-specific CD8 cells that could specifically target cells containing HIV proteins. The researchers also discovered that HIV-specific T cell receptors have to be matched to an individual in much the same way an organ is matched to a transplant patient.
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In this current study, the researchers similarly engineered human blood stem cells and found that they can form mature T cells that can attack HIV in tissues where the virus resides and replicates. They did so by using a surrogate model, the humanized mouse, in which HIV infection closely resembles the disease and its progression in humans.
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increased, while levels of HIV in the blood decreased. CD4 cells are white blood cells that are an important component of the immune system, helping to fight off infections. These results indicated that the engineered cells were capable of developing and migrating to the organs to fight infection there.
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New Hope Of a Cure For H.I.V. - NYTimes.com - 0 views
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So people with H.I.V. now must take drugs every day for life, which some researchers say is not a sustainable solution for tens of millions of infected people.
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This is what was done with the Trenton patient. Some of the man's white blood cells were removed from his body and treated with a gene therapy developed by Sangamo BioSciences. The therapy induced the cells to produce proteins called zinc-finger nucleases that can disrupt the CCR5 gene.
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Millions of people worldwide are currently affected by HIV and many have died from AIDS. Scientists have been trying for many years to find a cure for the epidemic, but now many are trying to find a way to prevent the passing on of the virus for future generations. Although no definite treatment has been discovered yet, recent findings have shown promising results for the future.
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With the fast developing biological technologies we are seeing today, scientists hope's are growing stronger. Maybe one of us one day will be a part of the phenomenon, in search of a way to help the millions affected by the epidemic
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The Ballooning Brain: Defective Genes May Explain Uncontrolled Brain Growth in Autism: ... - 0 views
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autistic brain sprouts an excess of neurons and continues to balloon during the first five years of life, as all those extra neurons grow larger and form connections.
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executive functions"—high-level thinking, such as planning ahead, inhibiting impulses and directing attention.
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In brain tissue from both autistic children and autistic adults, genes coding for proteins that identify and repair mistakes in DNA were expressed at unusually low levels. Additionally, all autistic brains demonstrated unusual activity levels for genes that determine when neurons grow and die and how newborn neurons migrate during early development
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Some genes involved in immune responses, cell-to-cell communication and tissue repair, however, were expressed at unusual levels in adult autistic brains, but not in autistic children's brains
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autistic child develops in the womb, something—an inherited mutation or an environmental factor like a virus, toxin or hormone—muffles the expression of genes coding for proteins that usually fix mistakes in sequences of DNA
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The genetic systems controlling the growth of new neurons go haywire, and brain cells divide much more frequently than usual, accounting for the excess neurons found in the PFC of autistic children.
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If scientists definitively link autism to a characteristic sequence of changes in gene expression and unusual neural growth, then it becomes possible to target and reverse any one of the thousands of steps in that sequence.
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Changes in Social Status Seen in Monkeys' Genes - 1 views
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Old Cancer Drugs Offer New Tricks - Science News - 0 views
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And the drugs seem to make cancer cells more susceptible to chemotherapy and attacks from the immune system.
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drugs called azacitidine and decitabine, when used in low doses, change gene activity in leukemia and breast cancer cells in the lab. If DNA is a cell’s hard drive, then chemical tags attached to the DNA or DNA-packaging proteins called histones serve as software packages to tell the hard drive how to function. This type of chemical programming is called epigenetics.