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wind-energy-industry - 0 views

www.noblepower.com/...wind-energy-industry1.html wind history
shared by wellsann99 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • The U.S. has had modern, commercial-scale wind power for more than two decades. The first domestic wind farms were constructed in California in the early 1980s.  The U.S. wind industry reached its first 1,000 megawatts of installed capacity in 1985, but then took more than a decade to reach 2,000 megawatts in 1999.  Since 1999, however, the installed capacity has increased fivefold.  Today, wind energy is the nation's fastest growing source of commercial-scale power.  
  • wellsann99 on 12 Mar 13
     
    how long has wind industry existed in the united states
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HELCO seeking additional geothermal energy | Hawaii 24/7 | Hawaii247.com | Hawaii's New... - 0 views

www.hawaii247.com/...g-additional-geothermal-energy geothermal energy cost
shared by parkergar99 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • parkergar99 on 12 Mar 13
     
    "The company is seeking to add up to 50 megawatts (MW) of geothermal energy from geothermal resource developers at prices not tied to the cost of oil to help lower electricity costs for customers. The added power must also blend operationally with other resources, including renewable energy from wind, solar, biomass and hydro. "Moving forward on geothermal is important to Hawaii Island because we want to increase our use of renewable energy and bring down costs to our customers,"
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AgBioForum 11(1): Biofuels in the US: Today and in the Future - 0 views

www.agbioforum.org/...v11n1a01-schlicher.htm biofuel history
shared by greenhan99 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • 15 billion gallons of ethanol by 2015, leaving a net of 12.3 billion bushels of corn available for feed, food, and export markets. This is up 3.0 billion bushels from 2006 and 0.9 billion bushels from 2007.
  • Net corn available for other uses (Mbu)
  • In 2006, US dry-grind ethanol plants produced 4.9B gallons of ethanol, 72% of overall US ethanol production. Correspondingly, 14.6 mmt of DDGS were produced. USDA FAS records suggest 9% of this was exported. Within the domestic market, 45% of this product was utilized by dairy cattle, 37% by beef cattle, 13% by swine, and 5% by poultry (Markham, 2005). The production of 15B gallons of ethanol from corn grain would result in 37 mmt of DDGS and 50 mmt at 20B gallons.4
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  • than 20B gallons of ethanol from corn grain by 2020 with an incremental 3.5B bu of corn available for food, feed, and export use relative to 2006 production—a 2020 “potential case.
  • xpected to support 15B gallons o
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EnergyBC: Tidal Power - 2 views

www.energybc.ca/...tidal.html tide form convert history
shared by dpurdy on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • his is somewhat balanced out by long plant lives of 100 years for the actual barrage structure, and 40 for the equipment, as well as low operating costs.
  • An estimate is given by researcher Eleanor Denny. Denny estimates that in order for a facility to be profitable, its capital cost should be less than €530,000 (~$700,000 USD) per MegaWatt which with the current technology is not a realistic goal, meaning that so far the industry produces negative net benefits.50
  • Canada's Race Rocks site, where a single turbine generator converts 65 kW of energy, cost $4,000,000.54 This figure was met with $3,000,000 investment from project partner EnCana's Environmental Innovation Fund, and a grant of just under $1 million awarded to Pearson College and their partners in the project.
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  • This plant produces about 100 times the power generated at Race Rocks. An investment of around €8.5 million ($11 million USD) made SeaGen a reality.
  • , they are, by nature, reliant on the natural environment and therefore are vulnerable to the effects of climate change
  • sustainable energy resources produce limited amounts of carbon dioxide emissions
  • The environmental impacts of tidal barrage include hampered fish migration, forced water level changes on the basin behind the barrage, reduced salinity in the basin due to low quantities of ocean water, and reduced ability of currents to transport and suspend sediments
  • Brief History of Tidal Power The energy stored in tides been known to people for many centuries. The earliest records of tidal mills are dated back to the 8th Century CE.7 The tidal mills were mainly used for grain grinding and were of similar design to the conventional water mills with the exception of the addition of a dam and reservoir. The industrial revolution increased demand for power but tidal energy never got off the ground, undercut by cheap fossil fuels and other developments which offered easier access to power generation. Existing tidal mills became as obsolescent as pre-industrial water-mills. The first large scale modern tidal electric plant started to operate in La Rance Estuary, St. Malo, France in the 1960s and has been operating ever since. In recent years the search for renewable, non-polluting energy sources and the increase in fossil fuel prices has encouraged renewed interest in tidal power.
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The Most Frequently Asked Questions about Wind Energy - 0 views

www.culturechange.org/wind.htm fossil fuels pollution
shared by wellsann99 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • In 1997, U.S. power plants emitted 70% of the sulfur dioxide, 34% of carbon dioxide, 33% of nitrogen oxides, 28% of particulate matter and 23% of toxic heavy metals released into our nation's environment, mostly the air. These figures are currently increasing in spite of efforts to roll back air pollution through the federal Clean Air Act.
  • wellsann99 on 12 Mar 13
     
    wind power technology
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Ocean Wave Energy - Pros and Cons - 1 views

www.energy-consumers-edge.com/ocean_wave_energy.html current convert pollution
shared by fieldingbry99 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • But, on shore ocean wave energy generators will occupy extended lengths of coastline. And most of the coastlines of the world that have significant wave activity are either highly desired residential areas, or they are pristine wilderness.
  • Ocean wave energy is still in the development stages but it is already apparent that its impact on the environment could be relatively high compared to other renewable energies.
  • It is noteworthy that even these environmental impacts are far less than those of most fossil fuel plants.
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  • electrical charges of less than $.05 per KWh; which makes it competitive with fossil fuel generators.
  • fieldingbry99 on 12 Mar 13
     
    " wave energy is very close to being competitive with installed costs that suggest electrical charges of less than $.05 per KWh; which makes it competitive with fossil fuel generators. But that figure doesn't take into account the fact that wave energy is intermittent and variable. Even in the most active wave areas, there are many days with little wave activity."
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Energy Basics: Wave Energy - 0 views

www.eere.energy.gov/...wave_energy.html
shared by westkea00 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Offshore Systems Offshore systems are situated in deep water, typically of more than 131 feet (40 meters). Sophisticated mechanisms—such as the Salter Duck—use the bobbing motion of the waves to power a pump that creates electricity. Other offshore devices use hoses connected to floats that ride the waves. The rise and fall of the float stretches and relaxes the hose, which pressurizes the water, which, in turn, rotates a turbine. Specially built seagoing vessels can also capture the energy of offshore waves. These floating platforms create electricity by funneling waves through internal turbines and then back into the sea. Onshore Systems Built along shorelines, onshore wave power systems extract the energy of breaking waves. Onshore system technologies include: Oscillating Water Columns: Oscillating water columns consist of a partially submerged concrete or steel structure that has an opening to the sea below the waterline. It encloses a column of air above a column of water. As waves enter the air column, they cause the water column to rise and fall. This alternately compresses and depressurizes the air column. As the wave retreats, the air is drawn back through the turbine as a result of the reduced air pressure on the ocean side of the turbine. Tapchans: Tapchans, or tapered channel systems, consist of a tapered channel that feeds into a reservoir constructed on cliffs above sea level. The narrowing of the channel causes the waves to increase in height as they move toward the cliff face. The waves spill over the walls of the channel into the reservoir, and the stored water is then fed through a turbine. Pendulor Devices: Pendulor wave-power devices consist of a rectangular box that is open to the sea at one end. A flap is hinged over the opening, and the action of the waves causes the flap to swing back and forth. The motion powers a hydraulic pump and a generator.
  • Wave energy technologies extract energy directly from surface waves or from pressure fluctuations below the surface. Renewable energy analysts believe there is enough energy in ocean waves to provide up to 2 terawatts of electricity. (A terawatt is equal to a trillion watts.)
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Wind Energy: Facts - 1 views

www.mass.gov/...wind-energy-facts.html wind current
shared by wellsann99 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Over 8,500 MW were installed in the US in 2008 (just beating out China with 6,300 MW). This represents: 50 percent increase from 200742 percent of all new generating capacity installed in 2008$17 billion investment44 million tons of carbon emissions avoided (equivalent of 7 million cars)35,000 new jobs
  • wellsann99 on 12 Mar 13
     
    wind power today
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wind-energy-industry - 0 views

www.noblepower.com/...wind-energy-industry1.html wind current
shared by wellsann99 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • wellsann99 on 12 Mar 13
     
    wind power in the U.S ending in 2008
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Tidal Energy | Renewable Energy Development - 0 views

renewableenergydev.com/tidal-energy cost tide
shared by murphymat98 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • The cost of setting up a tidal power station can be very high, although once in place the operating costs are low. As an example of the cost of setting up, a proposed 8000 MW tidal power plant and barrage system on the Severn Estuary in the UK has been estimated to cost US$15 billion, while another in the San Bernadino strait which would produce 2,200 MW as a tidal fence in the Philippines will cost an estimated US$3 billion.
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Tidal energy extraction: renewabl... preview & related info | Mendeley - 0 views

www.mendeley.com/...ewable-sustainable-predictable cost tide sustainable
shared by sconzomic99 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • The tidal flow of sea water induced by planetary motion is a potential source of energy if suitable systems can be designed and operated in a cost-effective manner
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Wind Turbines for Electricity - 1 views

zfacts.com/244 wind co2 cost
shared by cheniermab99 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • In 2006, wind power supplied 0.6% of US electricity but reduced CO2 emission from electricity production by a full 1%.
  • What really matters is the cost to society. With current subsidy methods, it costs around 3¢/kWh
  •   One-Time Cost per kW Capacity (usage) Factor Fixed Cost per kWh Variable Cost per kWh Total Cost per kWh Gas Turbine $439 15% 5.2¢ 8.7¢ 13.9¢ Coal $1,338 90% 2.7¢ 1.9¢ 4.5¢ Nuclear $2,180 90% 4.3¢ 0.3¢ 4.6¢ Wind $1,254* 30% 7.5¢ 0.0¢ 7.5¢
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  • as coal is the worst source of CO2. Thirty years from now, wind power might be cutting global GHG emissions by 10%.
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Wind Energy: Facts - 0 views

www.mass.gov/...wind-energy-facts.html wind co2
shared by cheniermab99 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • 1 MW of wind energy can offset approximately 2,600 tons Waste heat recovery  file size 4MB of carbon dioxide annually.
  • 29,440 Megawatts (MW) of wind energy are currently installed in the United States, and an additional 5,866 MW are under construction.Over 8,500 MW were installed in the US in 2008 (just beating out China with 6,300 MW). This represents: 50 percent increase from 200742 percent of all new generating capacity installed in 2008$17 billion investment44 million tons of carbon emissions avoided (equivalent of 7 million cars)35,000 new jobs
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Tidal Energy - 0 views

www.slideserve.com/...tidal-energy tide
shared by sconzomic99 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • sconzomic99 on 12 Mar 13
     
    Tidal Energy Slideshow
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Geothermal pollution: Does geothermal energy cause pollution? - 1 views

www.green-energy-efficient-homes.com/geothermal-pollution.html form geothermal co2
shared by behanjos99 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Geothermal electricity generation does involve a small amount of geothermal pollution in that the steam coming up from below ground carries some toxic gases, but in most plants these gases, as well as the steam, are condensed and reinjected into the ground so the effect on the environment is negligible. There are no CO2 emissions from geothermal energy so it is a much better source of electricity than coal or natural gas or nuclear (or even large-scale hydro generation which requires the flooding of large areas of land).
  • Geothermal electricity generation does involve a small amount of geothermal pollution in that the steam coming up from below ground carries some toxic gases, but in most plants these gases, as well as the steam, are condensed and reinjected into the ground so the effect on the environment is negligible. There are no CO2 emissions from geothermal energy so it is a much better source of electricity than coal or natural gas or nuclear (or even large-scale hydro generation which requires
  • Geothermal electricity generation does involve a small amount of geothermal pollution in that the steam coming up from below ground carries some toxic gases, but in most plants these gases, as well as the steam, are condensed and reinjected into the ground so the effect on the environment is negligible. There are no CO2 emissions from geothermal energy so it is a much better source of electricity than coal or natural gas or nuclear (or even large-scale hydro generation which requires the flooding of large areas of land).
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Geothermal electricity generation does involve a small amount of geothermal pollution in that the steam coming up from below ground carries some toxic gases, but in most plants these gases, as well as the steam, are condensed and reinjected into the ground so the effect on the environment is negligible. There are no CO2 emissions from geothermal energy so it is a much better source of electricity than coal or natural gas or nuclear (or even large-scale hydro generation which requires the flooding of large areas of land).
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How Much Does Solar Energy Cost? | Solar Energy Facts - 1 views

solarenergyfactsblog.com/solar-energy-cost cost solar
shared by kennedyeri98 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Which State do you live in?
  • Federal solar tax rebate
  • most of the cost of your system has to do with where you live.
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • These can be tax write-offs or money back in your pocket.
  • Many states, like New Jersey and Massachusetts, have developed credit markets. You get credits for producing solar and you can sell them for money.
  • if you can cut your power bill before you go solar, everything will cost less. Consider a home energy audit before upgrading to solar energy.
  • Local utilities and municipalities (LA is a great example) have their own solar energy subsidies
  • In some areas your utility will pay you for an extra electricity you send back to the grid.
  • Sometimes just knocking off a part of the bill can give you huge monthly electricity cost savings, as in the case of tiered electricity rates
  • How much Solar Energy do you Want to Produce?
  • importance of energy efficiency
  • If you buy the system you’ll see big up-front costs
  • so you might not get to claim all the credits and rebates available.
  • Generally this option trades long-term financial gain for low (or no) up-front cost.
  • kennedyeri98 on 12 Mar 13
     
    How much the cost is and the importance of the place you are changing the cost and refund/credits you will ether gain or lose
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Energy Resources: Geothermal power - 0 views

www.darvill.clara.net/...geothermal.htm co2 geothermal form
shared by behanjos99 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • The big problem is that there are not many places where you can build a geothermal power station. You need hot rocks of a suitable type, at a depth where we can drill down to them. The type of rock above is also important, it must be of a type that we can easily drill through. Sometimes a geothermal site may "run out of steam", perhaps for decades. Hazardous gases and minerals may come up from underground, and can be difficult to safely dispose of.
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