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Research Report: does solor powers pollution than CO2 when compared to fossil fuels? - 0 views

  • But as much as it poses a health risk, a group of researchers from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory point out that the relative risks are still light when compared to the use of fossil fuels
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Fuel Cells Information, Fuel Cells Facts, Fuel Cells Technology - National Geographic - 0 views

  • A fuel cell is a device that uses a source of fuel, such as hydrogen, and an oxidant to create electricity from an electrochemical process.
  • Most fuel cells in use today, however, use hydrogen and oxygen as the chemicals.
  • Although hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, it is difficult to store and distribute. Canisters of pure hydrogen are readily available from hydrogen producers, but as of now, you can't just fill up with hydrogen at a local gas station.
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  • All fuel cells have the same basic configuration; an electrolyte and two electrodes. But there are different types of fuel cells, based mainly on what kind of electrolyte they use.
  • All fuel cells have the same basic configuration; an electrolyte and two electrodes. But there are different types of fuel cells, based mainly on what kind of electrolyte they use.
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    According to many experts, we may soon find ourselves using fuel cells to generate electrical power for all sorts of devices we use every day
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Pros & Cons of Wave Energy | eHow.com - 0 views

  • Unlike fossil fuels, wave power doesn't cause air pollution.
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How the Air Moves Forming Winds - 0 views

  • Wind power is generated by moving air. As the sun heats the land, the air above also warms and rises. Cold air then replaces the rising air. This creates the winds that we feel most days of the year.
  • If you visit the seaside or coastal area you will probably find that the weather is more breezy or windy than inland. This is because the warm air rises over the land and cold air over the sea replaces it.
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    "As the sun heats the land, the air above also warms and rises. Cold air then replaces the rising air. This creates the winds that we feel most days of the year. "
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Fuel Cells - 1 views

  • Current estimates for an entire system, including fuel and air supply, insulation, fuel cells stack, reformer and desulfurizer, piping, labor, depreciation, system control and power electronics is as high as $4000 per kW [20].
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    "The technology for fuel cells has been around since 1839. NASA further developed the technology for the Gemini space project[18],[19]. Fuel cell technology remains in a developmental phase and only in the past ten years has development significantly increased."
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Uses of Biofuel | National Geographic - 1 views

  • Even normal
  • gasoline vehicles can operate on a 10 percent ethanol blend with no problems. Diesel cars and trucks can run on biodiesel, though older models may need to have their fuel lines and gaskets replaced with modern synthetic materials, since biodiesel is a solvent
  • and use of biofuels to power aircraft is expected to increase substantially in the next decade. Because current biofuel production relies heavily on crops that also function as food or livestock feed, emphasis is on developing new sources that don't cause deforestation and compete with food production
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  • Small engines, like those found in lawn mowers and chainsaws, can use ethanol blends up to 10 percent without problems. The barrier to using higher blends, up to 20 percent, has more to do with manufacturers' warranties than limitations of the technology
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    this gives good info about the current energy being generated in the us today
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Solar panel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

  • so solar module, photovoltaic module or photovoltaic panel
  • photovoltaic cells
  • arger photovoltaic system to generate and supply electricity in commercial and residential applications. Because a single solar panel can produce only a limited amount of power, many installations contain several panels.
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  • Third generation solar cells are advanced thin-film cells. They produce high-efficiency conversion at low cost.
  • includes an array of solar panels, an inverter, and sometimes a battery and interconnection wiring.
  • photovoltaic system typically
  • lexible thin film cells and modules are created on the same production line by depositing the photoactive layer and other necessary layers on a flexible substrate. If the substrate is an insulator (e.g. polyester or polyimide film) then monolithic integration can be used. If it is a conductor then another technique for electrical connection must be used. The cells are assembled into modules by laminating them to a transparent colourless fluoropolymer on the front side (typically ETFE or FEP) and a polymer suitable for bonding to the final substrate on the other side. The only commercially available (in MW quantities) flexible module uses amorphous silicon triple junction (from Unisolar). So-called inverted metamorphic (IMM) multijunction solar cells made on compound-semiconductor technology are just becoming commercialized in July 2008. The University of Michigan's solar car that won the North American Solar Challenge in July 2008 used IMM thin-film flexible solar cells. The requirements for residential and commercial are different in that the residential needs are simple and can be packaged so that as solar cell technology progresses, the other base line equipment such as the battery, inverter and voltage sensing transfer switch still need to be compacted and unitized for residential use. Commercial use, depending on the size of the service will be limited in the photovoltaic cell arena, and more complex parabolic reflectors and solar concentrators are becoming the dominant technology. The global flexible and thin-film photovoltaic (PV) market, despite caution in the overall PV industry, is expected to experience a CAGR of over 35% to 2019, surpassing 32 GW according to a major new study by IntertechPira.[4]
  • t $4.50, which was 33 times lower than the cost in 1970 of $150.[8][9]
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    facts
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A Basic Overview of Fuel Cell Technology - 0 views

  • they generate electricity with very little pollution—much of the hydrogen and oxygen used in generating electricity ultimately combine to form a harmless byproduct, namely water.
  • Scientists and inventors have designed many different types and sizes of fuel cells in the search for greater efficiency, and the technical details of each kind vary
  • in general terms, hydrogen atoms enter a fuel cell at the anode where a chemical reaction strips them of their electrons. The hydrogen atoms are now “ionized,” and carry a positive electrical charge. The negatively charged electrons provide the current through wires to do work. If alternating current (AC) is needed, the DC output of the fuel cell must be routed through a conversion device called an inverter.
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  • But in general terms, hydrogen atoms enter a fuel cell at the anode where a chemical reaction strips them of their electrons. The hydrogen atoms are now �ionized,� and carry a positive electrical charge. The negatively charged electrons provide the current through wires to do work. If alternating current (AC) is needed, the DC output of the fuel cell must be routed through a conversion device called an inverter.
  • Every fuel cell also has an electrolyte, which carries electrically charged particles from one electrode to the other, and a catalyst, which speeds the reactions at the electrodes. Hydrogen is the basic fuel, but fuel cells also require oxygen. One great appeal of fuel cells is that they generate electricity with very little pollution–much of the hydrogen and oxygen used in generating electricity ultimately combine to form a harmless byproduct, namely water.
  • A fuel cell is a device that generates electricity by a chemical reaction. Every fuel cell has two electrodes, one positive and one negative, called, respectively, the anode and cathode. The reactions that produce electricity take place at the electrodes.
  • fuel cell is a device that generates electricity by a chemical reaction. Every fuel cell has two electrodes, one positive and one negative, called, respectively, the anode and cathode.
  • One detail of terminology:
  • Oxygen enters the fuel cell at the cathode and, in some cell types (like the one illustrated above), it there combines with electrons returning from the electrical circuit and hydrogen ions that have traveled through the electrolyte from the anode. In other cell types the oxygen picks up electrons and then travels through the electrolyte to the anode, where it combines with hydrogen ions. The electrolyte plays a key role. It must permit only the appropriate ions to pass between the anode and cathode. If free electrons or other substances could travel through the electrolyte, they would disrupt the chemical reaction. Whether they combine at anode or cathode, together hydrogen and oxygen form water, which drains from the cell. As long as a fuel cell is supplied with hydrogen and oxygen, it will generate electricity. Even better, since fuel cells create electricity chemically, rather than by combustion, they are not subject to the thermodynamic laws that limit a conventional power plant (see "Carnot Limit" in the glossary). Therefore, fuel cells are more efficient in extracting energy from a fuel. Waste heat from some cells can also be harnessed, boosting system efficiency still further
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    "A fuel cell is a device that generates electricity by a chemical reaction. Every fuel cell has two electrodes, one positive and one negative, called, respectively, the anode and cathode. The reactions that produce electricity take place at the electrodes."
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    "A fuel cell is a device that generates electricity by a chemical reaction. Every fuel cell has two electrodes, one positive and one negative, called, respectively, the anode and cathode."
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Discover the true FACTS about Solar Energy | INTERESTING Solar Energy FACTS - 0 views

  • Solar Energy is better for the environment than traditional forms of energy.
  • Solar energy can also be used to heat swimming pools, power cars, for attic fans, calculators and other small appliances. It produces lighting for indoors or outdoors.
  • Accounting for only 5 percent of the world's population, Americans consume 26 percent of the world's energy.
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Energy Report - Hydrogen - 1 views

  • Hydrogen is colorless, odorless, tasteless and non-toxic. It is a gas at temperatures above -423° F and is highly diffuse, having a density approximately 14 times less than that of air. Because it is buoyant and diffusive, hydrogen dissipates quickly in open areas and can move through small spaces, which makes it difficult to store. Hydrogen is flammable over a broad range of gas concentration (from 4 to 74 percent), although its lower flammability limit – that is, the lowest temperature and pressure at which it will combust – is higher than those for some common fuels such as gasoline, propane or diesel.1 Hydrogen has been described as “the fuel of the future.” On Earth, hydrogen is found in combination with other elements such as carbon (hydrocarbons), oxygen (water) and nitrogen (ammonia). Although hydrogen may sometimes be used as a fuel, it is most often used as an energy carrier, such as electricity, and not an energy source. To make hydrogen a usable, stand-alone fuel, it must be separated from these other elements by chemical, thermal or electrochemical processes.
  • History British scientist Henry Cavendish identified hydrogen as a distinct element in 1766. Subsequent experiments by British and French scientists resulted in the first flight of a hydrogen balloon and the discovery that applying electricity to water can produce hydrogen and oxygen.
  • In the 1960s, NASA space capsules used hydrogen fuel cells for onboard electric power, heat and water.
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  • The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) does not maintain comprehensive statistics in this area, but the various demonstration projects suggest that there are some hundreds of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles on the road in the U.S.
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    On Earth, hydrogen is found in combination with other elements such as carbon (hydrocarbons), oxygen (water) and nitrogen (ammonia). Although hydrogen may sometimes be used as a fuel, it is most often used as an energy carrier, such as electricity, and not an energy source. To make hydrogen a usable, stand-alone fuel, it must be separated from these other elements by chemical, thermal or electrochemical processes.
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Wind turbines and migratory birds: A serious problem? - 0 views

  • Wind turbines are responsible for the deaths of between 10,000 and 40,000 birds each year, according to the American Bird Conservancy.
  • the Altamont Pass site kills the largest number of birds - about 4,700 each year
  • The American Wind Energy Association contends wind turbines are far less lethal to birds than other man-made structures, such as windows (responsible for more than 100 million deaths each year in the U.S.) and power lines (between 130 million and 174 million), or than cats, which remain the number one bird killer.
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  • bat deaths associated with turbines were three times that of the rate of birds, especially during their migratory season
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First Solar to build new solar plant for NRG | Reuters - 0 views

  • t is expected to be completed by the end of 2012, and will sell its output to UniSource Energy Corp's Tucson Electric Power under a 20-year contract
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Grid tie Solar Power Systems - Grid tie Solar Panel Systems - 1 views

    • dpurdy
       
      Use the solar cell picture.
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Long Island, New York City Offshore Wind Project - 0 views

  • Advantages of Wind Power
  • goal for the State to meet 45 percent of its electricity needs through improved energy efficiency and renewable sources by the year 2015
  • renewable resource that could provide a significant amount of clean energy to consumers
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  • Wind's relative low-energy density
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Hydrogen Power and Fuel Cells - Renewable Energy World - 3 views

  • Hydrogen Energy Hydrogen is the simplest element. An atom of hydrogen consists of only one proton and one electron. It's also the most plentiful element in the universe. Despite its simplicity and abundance, hydrogen doesn't occur naturally as a gas on the Earth - it's always combined with other elements. Water, for example, is a combination of hydrogen and oxygen (H2O).
  • Hydrogen Energy Hydrogen is the simplest element. An atom of hydrogen consists of only one proton and one electron. It's also the most plentiful element in the universe. Despite its simplicity and abundance, hydrogen doesn't occur naturally as a gas on the Earth - it's always combined with other elements. Water, for example, is a combination of hydrogen and oxygen (H2O). Hy
  • Hydrogen is also found in many organic compounds, notably the hydrocarbons that make up many of our fuels, such as gasoline, natural gas, methanol, and propane.
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    Hydrogen is also found in many organic compounds, notably the hydrocarbons that make up many of our fuels, such as gasoline, natural gas, methanol, and propane.
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    A fuel cell combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, heat, and water. 
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How Fuel Cells Work - 0 views

  • Most fuel cells designed for use in vehicles produce less than 1.16 volts of electricity—far from enough to power a vehicle. Therefore, multiple cells must be assembled into a fuel cell stack.
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    great pic on how fuel cells look. 
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Huge challenges in scaling up biofuels infrastructure - 1 views

  • Major changes will be needed to grow, handle, transport and store the immense quantities of biomass -- mostly lignocellulosic feedstocks such as switchgrass, crop residues and forest wastes -- necessary to continually feed electric power generation stations and produce biofuels for transportation,
  • converting to a system in which biomass provides much of the country's energy will require new ways of thinking about agriculture, energy infrastructure and rural economic development.
  • It is estimated that bioenergy has the potential to provide up to 60 percent of the world's primary energy, and biomass seems poised to provide a major alternative to fossil fuels,"
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  • "Thus, the combination of expected growth in energy demand and the lower density of biomass imply that by 2050, biomass transport volumes will be greater than the current capacity of the entire energy and agricultural commodity infrastructure,
  • "For example, a large biofuel plant would require 16 to 20 tanker trucks or railcars per day to move the fuel to market, increasing both traffic and costs."
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Define Wind Energy - Here are Wind Energy Facts - 0 views

  • In scientific terms, wind energy is the "force" of winds blowing across the earth’s surface ("Wind Energy"). Wind is caused by uneven heating on the earth’s surface. The equator region receives more heat than say, Antarctica.
  • That heat tries to move from hotter to colder regions. Wind energy was first harvested centuries ago, when early windmills were used to power millstones, pumps, and forges
  • The amount of kinetic energy within Earth's atmosphere is equal to about 10,000 trillion kilowatt-hours.
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    You can dating in here. This is a best site dating www.sugarhoneys4u.com www.killdo.de.gg
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Fuel Cells - Electrochemical Power - 0 views

  • Fuel Cell Principle A fuel cell is an electrochemical energy converter. It converts chemical energy into electrical energy by two separated electrochemical reactions. In a hydrogen-fuelled polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), hydrogen is oxidised to protons and electrons at the anode. Protons migrate through the membrane electrolyte to the cathode. As the membrane is an electric insulator, electrons are forced to flow in an external electric circuit. At the cathode, oxygen reacts with protons to produce water, which is the only waste product
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