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careyeth99

Hydrogen economy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Hydrogen_economy

hydrogen economy wikipedia free encyclopedia

shared by careyeth99 on 14 Mar 13 - Cached
  • careyeth99 on 14 Mar 13
     
    "The hydrogen economy is a proposed system of delivering energy using hydrogen. The term hydrogen economy was coined by John Bockris during a talk he gave in 1970 at General Motors (GM) Technical Center.[1] Hydrogen advocates promote hydrogen as a potential fuel for motive power[2] (including cars and boats), the energy needs of buildings and portable electronics. Free hydrogen does not occur naturally in quantity, but can be generated by steam reformation of hydrocarbons, water electrolysis or by other methods. Hydrogen is thus an energy carrier (like a battery), not a primary energy source (like coal). The feasibility of a hydrogen economy depends on issues of electrolysis, energy sourcing, including fossil fuel use, climate change, and sustainable energy generation."
shinecal99

Cost of Geothermal Energy - 0 views

www.energyformankind.org/...cost-of-geothermal-energy

geothermal cost

shared by shinecal99 on 11 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • shinecal99 on 11 Mar 13
     
    "Certain studies have shown that a geothermal power plant that could be considered as economically competitive would cost at around $3400/kw installed. Yes, the cost of the construction of a geothermal power plant is much higher compared to a facility producing natural gas, however, the cost of electricity production of the two in the long run would be similar. initially, the construction cost of the geothermal plant would be 2/3 of the total cost. On the other hand, with a natural gas facility, the cost of the fuel is 2/3 while construction cost is just 1/3 of the total cost.  So this is where geothermal power plant and natural gas energy come into a standoff. in the long run, production rates stabilize and the cost of production for both plants become competitive. One good thing about the pric"
dittrichcai99

AE Kids : Geothermal Energy - 0 views

www.alliantenergykids.com/...022401

geothermal

shared by dittrichcai99 on 11 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • o" means "from the earth," and "thermal" means "heat," so this type of energy is found under
  • dittrichcai99 on 11 Mar 13
     
    "A geothermal heating system uses pipes buried more than four feet deep in the earth. That is another reason why it's important for adults to call 811 before they dig in their yard so they don't hit buried piping. The system pumps a liquid through the pipes to absorb the heat and brings it back indoors. A device called a "heat exchanger" takes the heat from the liquid and uses it to heat the air inside the home."
shortsleevesky99

FAQ | Fuel Cells 2000 - 0 views

www.fuelcells.org/...faq

fuel cell history

shared by shortsleevesky99 on 11 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • shortsleevesky99 on 11 Mar 13
     
    "The first fuel cell was built in 1839 by Sir William Grove, a Welsh judge and gentleman scientist, who conducted dozens of experiments using his "gas battery."  More than a century later, equipment manufacturer Allis Chalmers plowed a Wisconsin alfalfa field using fuel cell-powered tractor (1959).  Serious interest in the fuel cell as a practical energy generator did not begin until the 1960′s, when the U.S. space program chose fuel cells over riskier nuclear power and more expensive solar energy, using fuel cells to furnish power for the Gemini and Apollo spacecraft and electricity and water for the space shuttle.  Also in the 1960s, the first passenger vehicle, a prototype van, was built by GM (1966); major auto manufacturers began more concerted fuel cell development efforts in the 1990s."
conwayjam99

HowStuffWorks "Wind" - 0 views

science.howstuffworks.com/...wind-info1.htm

wind sustainable

shared by conwayjam99 on 15 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • conwayjam99 on 15 Mar 13
     
    "Wind is caused by differences in atmospheric pressure created, in large part, by the unequal heating of the earth's surface by the sun."
kennedyeri98

How Much Does Solar Energy Cost? | Solar Energy Facts - 1 views

solarenergyfactsblog.com/solar-energy-cost

cost solar

shared by kennedyeri98 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Which State do you live in?
  • Federal solar tax rebate
  • most of the cost of your system has to do with where you live.
  • ...11 more annotations...
  • These can be tax write-offs or money back in your pocket.
  • Many states, like New Jersey and Massachusetts, have developed credit markets. You get credits for producing solar and you can sell them for money.
  • if you can cut your power bill before you go solar, everything will cost less. Consider a home energy audit before upgrading to solar energy.
  • Local utilities and municipalities (LA is a great example) have their own solar energy subsidies
  • How much Solar Energy do you Want to Produce?
  • Sometimes just knocking off a part of the bill can give you huge monthly electricity cost savings, as in the case of tiered electricity rates
  • In some areas your utility will pay you for an extra electricity you send back to the grid.
  • importance of energy efficiency
  • If you buy the system you’ll see big up-front costs
  • so you might not get to claim all the credits and rebates available.
  • Generally this option trades long-term financial gain for low (or no) up-front cost.
  • kennedyeri98 on 12 Mar 13
     
    How much the cost is and the importance of the place you are changing the cost and refund/credits you will ether gain or lose
westkea00

Energy Basics: Wave Energy - 0 views

www.eere.energy.gov/...wave_energy.html

shared by westkea00 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Offshore Systems Offshore systems are situated in deep water, typically of more than 131 feet (40 meters). Sophisticated mechanisms—such as the Salter Duck—use the bobbing motion of the waves to power a pump that creates electricity. Other offshore devices use hoses connected to floats that ride the waves. The rise and fall of the float stretches and relaxes the hose, which pressurizes the water, which, in turn, rotates a turbine. Specially built seagoing vessels can also capture the energy of offshore waves. These floating platforms create electricity by funneling waves through internal turbines and then back into the sea. Onshore Systems Built along shorelines, onshore wave power systems extract the energy of breaking waves. Onshore system technologies include: Oscillating Water Columns: Oscillating water columns consist of a partially submerged concrete or steel structure that has an opening to the sea below the waterline. It encloses a column of air above a column of water. As waves enter the air column, they cause the water column to rise and fall. This alternately compresses and depressurizes the air column. As the wave retreats, the air is drawn back through the turbine as a result of the reduced air pressure on the ocean side of the turbine. Tapchans: Tapchans, or tapered channel systems, consist of a tapered channel that feeds into a reservoir constructed on cliffs above sea level. The narrowing of the channel causes the waves to increase in height as they move toward the cliff face. The waves spill over the walls of the channel into the reservoir, and the stored water is then fed through a turbine. Pendulor Devices: Pendulor wave-power devices consist of a rectangular box that is open to the sea at one end. A flap is hinged over the opening, and the action of the waves causes the flap to swing back and forth. The motion powers a hydraulic pump and a generator.
  • Wave energy technologies extract energy directly from surface waves or from pressure fluctuations below the surface. Renewable energy analysts believe there is enough energy in ocean waves to provide up to 2 terawatts of electricity. (A terawatt is equal to a trillion watts.)
murphymat98

Tidal Energy | Renewable Energy Development - 0 views

renewableenergydev.com/tidal-energy

cost tide

shared by murphymat98 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • The cost of setting up a tidal power station can be very high, although once in place the operating costs are low. As an example of the cost of setting up, a proposed 8000 MW tidal power plant and barrage system on the Severn Estuary in the UK has been estimated to cost US$15 billion, while another in the San Bernadino strait which would produce 2,200 MW as a tidal fence in the Philippines will cost an estimated US$3 billion.
wellsann99

wind-energy-industry - 0 views

www.noblepower.com/...wind-energy-industry1.html

wind current

shared by wellsann99 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • wellsann99 on 12 Mar 13
     
    wind power in the U.S ending in 2008
greenhan99

AgBioForum 11(1): Biofuels in the US: Today and in the Future - 0 views

www.agbioforum.org/...v11n1a01-schlicher.htm

biofuel history

shared by greenhan99 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • 15 billion gallons of ethanol by 2015, leaving a net of 12.3 billion bushels of corn available for feed, food, and export markets. This is up 3.0 billion bushels from 2006 and 0.9 billion bushels from 2007.
  • Net corn available for other uses (Mbu)
  • In 2006, US dry-grInd ethanol plants produced 4.9B gallons of ethanol, 72% of overall US ethanol production. CorrespondIngly, 14.6 mmt of DDGS were produced. USDA FAS records suggest 9% of this was exported. WithIn the domestic market, 45% of this product was utilized by dairy cattle, 37% by beef cattle, 13% by swIne, and 5% by poultry (Markham, 2005). The production of 15B gallons of ethanol from corn graIn would result In 37 mmt of DDGS and 50 mmt at 20B gallons.4
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • than 20B gallons of ethanol from corn grain by 2020 with an incremental 3.5B bu of corn available for food, feed, and export use relative to 2006 production—a 2020 “potential case.
  • xpected to support 15B gallons o
brownale99

How is geothermal energy better than fossil fuels - 1 views

wiki.answers.com/...nergy_better_than_fossil_fuels

geothermal sustainable

shared by brownale99 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • brownale99 on 12 Mar 13
     
    "Geo thermal systems heat and cool your house cheaper and better than fossil fuels will with gas going up pretty soon you would not be able to afford it. It might be costly to put one in your house initially but it will pay itself off in 3-5 years. Also there is a company called ECONAR that builds a heat pump that will cool, heat, and do 50 to 100% of your hot water heat. Fossil fuels also produce carbon dioxide when burnt, adding to the greenhouse gases and contributing to climate change."
Xin Wang

Mapping US Tidal Power Potential | Climate Central - 0 views

www.climatecentral.org/...pping-us-tidal-power-potential

tide energy current

shared by Xin Wang on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • It’s estimated that tidal power in Alaska could generate as much as 16 TWh/yr of energy (about four times more than what Hoover Dam generates in an average year). in the Lower 48, the potential energy from tidal power is just a fraction of that (just 0.6 TWh/year from Puget Sound, for example). Considering that no tidal power plants in these areas have even been approved yet, it’s going to be several years, or even decades, before Americans can rely on tidal power for their electricity. But for some regions, DOE says the energy from tidal currents will help meet the goal of generating 80 percent of America's electricity from clean sources by 2035.
cheniermab99

Wind Energy: Facts - 0 views

www.mass.gov/...wind-energy-facts.html

wind co2

shared by cheniermab99 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • 1 MW of wind energy can offset approximately 2,600 tons Waste heat recovery  file size 4MB of carbon dioxide annually.
  • 29,440 Megawatts (MW) of wind energy are currently installed in the United States, and an additional 5,866 MW are under construction.Over 8,500 MW were installed in the US in 2008 (just beating out China with 6,300 MW). This represents: 50 percent increase from 200742 percent of all new generating capacity installed in 2008$17 billion investment44 million tons of carbon emissions avoided (equivalent of 7 million cars)35,000 new jobs
chakrabortyshi00

Tidal Power: Nature's renewable hydro electric engine: Additional info - 2 views

www.bionomicfuel.com/wer-new-source-of-hydro-energy

sustainable wave

shared by chakrabortyshi00 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Tidal power energy is still being studied and developed, but in the future it could be a major renewable hydropower energy source.
  • England, for example, could supply over 10 percent of its electricity in this way.
  • . Wind and solar energy generators convert much less.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • They can convert about 80 percent of the energy into electricity
  • Another disadvantage is that the start-up costs involved are very high and a lot of time is required for the construction projects, which can cost millions of dollars and take up to 10 years to build
  • chakrabortyshi00 on 26 Sep 13
     
    Tidal hydropower energy has various advantages. The first of these is reliability and consistency. Other alternative energy sources like wind and solar can have varying amounts of energy generated depending on the weather conditions. Tidal power energy can generate electricity by the clock and indefinitely. This means that shortages can be easily avoided. in addition, tidal turbines are efficient when it comes to generating energy. They can convert about 80 percent of the energy into electricity. Wind and solar energy generators convert much less. Of course, another great benefit of tidal power renewable energy is that it is environmentally friendly. There are no CO2 emissions that are damaging to the atmosphere or Sulfur Dioxide emissions responsible for acid rain.
dpurdy

EIA Energy Kids - Geothermal - 1 views

www.eia.gov/...energy.cfm

geothermal form

shared by dpurdy on 08 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • dpurdy on 08 Mar 13
     
    "Geothermal energy is generated in the Earth's core. Temperatures hotter than the sun's surface are continuously produced inside the Earth by the slow decay of radioactive particles, a process that happens in all rocks."
murphymat98

Tidal Power - 1 views

www.global-greenhouse-warming.com/tidal.html

tide form sustainable

shared by murphymat98 on 11 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Tidal power is a means of electricity generation achieved by capturing the energy contained in moving water mass due to tides. Two types of energy can be extracted: kinetic energy of currents between ebbing and surging, and potential energy from the difference in height (or head) between high and low water marks.
  • Tidal power schemes do not produce energy 24 hours a day. A conventional design, in any mode of operation, would produce power for 6 to 12 hours in every 24 and will not produce power at other times
lemairenat98

Tidal Power | BC Sustainable Energy Association - 1 views

www.bcsea.org/...tidal-power

tide cost

shared by lemairenat98 on 11 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • However, estuaries are among the world’s most productive and sensitive ecosystems, and barrages cause large disruptions to their natural processes. We will therefore not further consider barrage based tidal power as a truly sustainable energy resource.
  • While there are non-tidal based ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream, those are usually too diffuse to be a practical energy source. The tides cause water to flow inwards from the ocean twice a day during flood tides, and outwards during ebb tides. Additional monthly and annual cycles vary the strength of this current on a monthly and annual basis. Narrow and shallow constrictions produce the fastest and most powerful movements, whose energy can be captured using submerged turbines.
  • BC Hydro’s 2002 Green Energy Study for BC estimated the realistic energy potential for tidal current energy generation in BC to be 20 TWhrs/year. The estimated cost was 11 cents/kWhr for a large (800 MW) site, and 25 cents/kWhr for a small (43 MW) site. The best sites are in the Strait of Georgia and Johnstone Strait, which are both relatively close to the main centers of consumption.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • The second type is based on utilizing the fast-flowing marine currents caused by tidal action. While there are non-tidal based ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream, those are usually too diffuse to be a practical energy source. The tides cause water to flow inwards from the ocean twice a day during flood tides, and outwards during ebb tides.
  • Nevertheless, it is a truly sustainable energy source which is also very predictable. It is not subject to the vagaries of weather or climate change, and while the energy varies, it follows a predictable pattern that is known many years in advance.
  • mchughkon99 on 11 Mar 13
     
    oceanic tides 
  • murphymat98 on 11 Mar 13
     
    The second type is based on utilizing the fast-flowing marine currents caused by tidal action....it is a truly sustainable energy source which is also very predictable. It is not subject to the vagaries of weather or climate change, and while the energy varies, it follows a predictable pattern that is known many years in advance.
  • lemairenat98 on 15 Mar 13
     
    " costs are expected to fall to between 5 and 7 cents/kWhr."
bishophan00

Wind Power information, Wind Power Facts - National Geographic - 1 views

environment.nationalgeographic.com/...wind-power-profile

wind form

shared by bishophan00 on 11 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Wind is a clean source of renewable energy that produces no air or water pollution.
  • Wind is the movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure. in fact, wind exists because the sun unevenly heats the surface of the Earth. As hot air rises, cooler air moves in to fill the void. As long as the sun shines, the wind will blow. And as long as the wind blows, people will harness it to power their lives.
  • The wind spins the blades, which turn a shaft connected to a generator that produces electricity. Other turbines work the same way, but the turbine is on a vertical axis and the blades look like a giant egg beater.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • At the end of last year, global capacity was more than 70,000 megawatts.
  • And since the wind is free, operational costs are nearly zero once a turbine is erected.
  • Globally, generation more than quadrupled between 2000 and 2006.
  • n the energy-hungry United States, a single megawatt is enough electricity to power about 250 homes.
  • ndustry experts predict that if this pace of growth continues, by 2050 the answer to one third of the world's electricity needs will be found blowing in the wind.
  • barnardnat99 on 11 Mar 13
     
    where wind energy come from
  • conwayjam99 on 13 Mar 13
     
    ". At the end of last year, global capacity was more than 70,000 megawatts. In the energy-hungry United States, a sIngle megawatt is enough electricity to power about 250 homes. "
jack wells

The Benefits of Wind Power - Green Living Ideas - 0 views

greenlivingideas.com/...the-benefits-of-wind-power

wind benefits

shared by jack wells on 11 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • One of the most important is that wind power is the least expensive of all other forms of alternative energy.
  • One of the most important is that wind power is the least expensive of all other forms of alternative energy. 
  • Another tremendous benefit of wind power is that it is a sustainable source of energy and a clean source of energy
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Wind energy is also a renewable energy, meaning it does not deplete our natural resources like coal or petroleum based products.
  • One of the most important is that wind power is the least expensive of all other forms of alternative energy.  Wind turbines generate electricity at around 5 cents per kWh (Kilowatt Hour), which is comparable to the new coal and/or oil burning power plants.  The costs are projected to decline even more as technology improves, and this is very important because most of the cost with wind power is in manufacturing.  Once the wind turbines are in place there is little cost to maintain and wind power is free.
  • jack wells on 11 Mar 13
     
    The benefits of wind energy.
mcdermottaar99

Generate Your Own Wind Energy - 0 views

www.sustainablestuff.co.uk/GenerateYourOwnWindEnergy.html

wind energy cost pollution

shared by mcdermottaar99 on 11 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • As with installing your own solar energy, installing wind energy will help to reduce carbon emissions, which damage the environment and will save money.
  • It's only downfall is possibly the visual impact it makes on the landscape: A tall 'small scale' generator could attract wide rebuttal from neighbours, and this is worth considering before embarking on a wind generation project. However, if you live in a remote area, which benefits from exposure to the wind, or have neighbours that are happy for you to go ahead with the project, installing wind power can be an economically viable way to capitalise on natural, renewable resources
  • A wind generator will cost in the region of £3'000 - £15'000, at about £3'000 per kilowatt.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • You can expect a wind generator to pay for itself in little over five years, and with conventional energy prices soaring, the dividends will increase with time.
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