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dpurdy

Tidal Energy Pros and Cons - Energy Informative - 0 views

energyinformative.org/tidal-energy-pros-and-cons

tidal advantages disadvantages cost

shared by dpurdy on 22 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • This ultimately reduces the cost these power plants can sell their electricity
  • It is important to realize that the methods for generating electricity from tidal energy is a relatively are relatively new technologies
  • Tidal Energy is a renewable energy source. This energy source is a result of the gravitational fields from both the sun and the moon, combined with the earth’s rotation around its axis, resulting in high and low tides.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • In addition to being a renewable energy, it does not emit any climate gases and does not take up a lot of space
  • buherjac99 on 22 Oct 12
     
    pollution
rutalil00

Wind Power - Converting wind energy into electricity - 0 views

www.alternative-energy-news.info/...wind-power

convert

shared by rutalil00 on 22 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Wind power is produced by using wind generators to harness the kinetic energy of wind. It is gaining worldwide popularity as a large scale energy source, although it still only provides less than one percent of global energy consumption. The articles listed below explore wind power and its usage around the world.
  • Wind power is produced by using wind generators to harness the kinetic energy of wind. It is gaining worldwide popularity as a large scale energy source, although it still only provides less than one percent of global energy consumption. The articles listed below explore wind power and its usage around the world.
  • kurishkri00 on 24 Sep 13
     
    Wind Power News | Wind Power Forum | Wind Power Directory | Videos Wind power is produced by using wind generators to harness the kinetic energy of wind. It is gaining worldwide popularity as a large scale energy source, although it still only provides less than one percent of global energy consumption.
janosjus99

NREL: Learning - Biofuels Basics - 0 views

www.nrel.gov/...re_biofuels.html

shared by janosjus99 on 22 Oct 12 - Cached
  • Unlike other renewable energy sources, biomass can be converted directly into liquid fuels, called "biofuels," to help meet transportation fuel needs
  • Today, ethanol is made from starches and sugars, but NREL scientists are developing technology to allow it to be made from cellulose and hemicellulose,
cottonetar98

Montana Environmental Information CenterCost of Wind vs. Fossil Fuels - MEIC - 0 views

meic.org/...cost-of-wind-vs-fossil-fuels

wind cost

shared by cottonetar98 on 22 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Wind energy is cost-competitive with fossil fuels, especially coal. In Montana, wind energy is less expensive than coal for NorthWestern Energy--the state's largest utility.
  • ccording to the EIA, the total cost of wind energy without federal tax and other financial incentives is about 9.7 cents/kilowatt-hour. The total cost of conventional coal without federal tax and other financial incentives is about 9.4 cents/kilowatt-hour.
  • here are integration costs associated with intermittent renewable energy but unlike fossil fuels, wind (and solar and many other renewables) the fuel price stays the same: Zero.  Plus, wind-power technology has rapidly evolved. Turbines are much larger, growing from an average of 1.2 megawatts to 1.6 megawatts (a 33% increase in average capacity) in just three years.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • When comparing the cost of wind vs. fossil fuels its important to consider  fuel costs, integration costs, operating costs, and the cost of tax incentives. Wind energy is cost-competitive with fossil fuels, especially coal. In Montana, wind energy is less expensive than coal for NorthWestern Energy--the state's largest utility. The graph below from the Montana Public Service Commission, compares the costs of various resources in NorthWestern's portfolio. Judith Gap wind facility is about $47.00/Megawatt-hour (or 4.7 cents/kilowatt-hour) and Colstrip Unit 4 is $68.00/Megawatt-hour or (6.8 cents/kilowatt hour).
  • Today's typical new turbine has a 2.3-megawatt capacity; 7-megawatt turbines will be available soon.  The newer turbines can wring more electric power out of the wind (especially at lower wind speeds) than older turbines could. The combination of greater output and greater capacity nearly offsets the materials and labor cost increases plaguing traditional resources.
  • mcdermottaar99 on 11 Mar 13
     
    wind to fossil fuels 
bannonmel99

Uses of Wind Energy | eHow.com - 2 views

www.ehow.com/_4911458_uses-wind-energy.html

use

shared by bannonmel99 on 22 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • For hundreds of years mankind has been making use of the energy and power generated by wind. Whether it has been to travel the world, manufacture products, or in the modern age to generate electricity, wind has provided the means. And while there have been dozens of different methods over the years, new technology is still being invented to make even further use of this ancient power source.
  • Windmills were one of the second most widespread uses of wind energy. The variety of uses that windmills were put to included grinding grain, as well as pumping water, up until the industrial revolution where the windmill was mostly replaced by the steam engine.
Connor Wiggins

Fuel Cells Information, Fuel Cells Facts, Fuel Cells Technology - National Geographic - 0 views

environment.nationalgeographic.com/...fuel-cell-profile

fuel cell form

shared by Connor Wiggins on 22 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • A fuel cell is a device that uses a source of fuel, such as hydrogen, and an oxidant to create electricity from an electrochemical process.
  • Most fuel cells in use today, however, use hydrogen and oxygen as the chemicals.
  • Although hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, it is difficult to store and distribute. Canisters of pure hydrogen are readily available from hydrogen producers, but as of now, you can't just fill up with hydrogen at a local gas station.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • All fuel cells have the same basic configuration; an electrolyte and two electrodes. But there are different types of fuel cells, based mainly on what kind of electrolyte they use.
  • All fuel cells have the same basic configuration; an electrolyte and two electrodes. But there are different types of fuel cells, based mainly on what kind of electrolyte they use.
  • carrowluk99 on 29 Oct 12
     
    According to many experts, we may soon find ourselves using fuel cells to generate electrical power for all sorts of devices we use every day
jack wells

Wind farms can cause climate change, finds new study - Telegraph - 0 views

www.telegraph.co.uk/...te-change-finds-new-study.html

Wind co2

shared by jack wells on 22 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Wind farms can cause climate change, according to new research, that shows for the first time the new technology is already pushing up temperatures.
  • Usually at night the air closer to the ground becomes colder when the sun goes down and the earth cools. But on huge wind farms the motion of the turbines mixes the air higher in the atmosphere that is warmer, pushing up the overall temperature.
    • dpurdy
      dpurdy on 21 Mar 13
       
      What this means is that close to the wind farm there is a local warming, not a global impact.
dpurdy

Succeeding in the 21st Century -- Skills and Abilities for the Future TCA paper - 0 views

www.coedu.usf.edu/...tca_paper.htm

all

shared by dpurdy on 24 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • The exchange of thoughts and ideas by speech or writing
  • Cooperative effort within a group in order to achieve a desired goal
  • To give rise to imaginative or artistic abilities as well as the ability to find novel solutions to problems
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • Training or control over one's conduct for personal improvement as well as the ability to forgo immediate pleasure for long term goals
  • The ability to discern factual from opinionated information
  • The effective use of grammatical rules and guidelines in order to express one's ideas in correct form
  • bility to use computer technology effectively, including word-processing and spreadsheets
  • The ability to use the defined principles of logic and effectively engage in abstract thinking to achieve mastery or understanding
slentzkel99

Haldor Topsoe - Fuel cells for sustainable energy - 0 views

www.topsoe.com/...fuel_cells.aspx

hydrogen what convert use

shared by slentzkel99 on 23 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • What is a fuel cell?A fuel cell produces electricity from fuel and air. The simplest fuel cell produces electricity from hydrogen and air with water as the only by-product.
  • Where can fuel cells be used?Fuel cells in general can be used in many different circumstances, depending on the type of fuel cell. Topsoe Fuel Cell focuses on SOFC fuel cells, which can be used in:Auxiliary power units (APUs) provide electricity where there is no access to grid power. Fuel cell based APUs can be used on, for instance, long-haul trucks to generate power during breaks.Micro combined heat and power units may be scaled to meet the electricity demand in single family households. Combined heat and power generation for households is one of the most efficient ways to meet residential energy requirements.Distributed generation using SOFC technology offers efficient power generation, for example hospitals, shopping malls, in apartment buildings and in areas with low power capacity.
smithjul98

Biodiesel Fuel Uses - 0 views

www.ultimate-biodiesel-guide.com/biodiesel-fuel-uses.html

biofuel uses potential future

shared by smithjul98 on 13 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • There already many biodiesel fuel uses, and as technology continues to develop, so do the opportunities to replace traditional fossil fuels with this viable alternative.
filionmar99

Uses of Biofuel | National Geographic - 1 views

greenliving.nationalgeographic.com/uses-biofuel-2775.html

biofuel current

shared by filionmar99 on 13 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • Even normal
  • gasoline vehicles can operate on a 10 percent ethanol blend with no problems. Diesel cars and trucks can run on biodiesel, though older models may need to have their fuel lines and gaskets replaced with modern synthetic materials, since biodiesel is a solvent
  • and use of biofuels to power aircraft is expected to increase substantially in the next decade. Because current biofuel production relies heavily on crops that also function as food or livestock feed, emphasis is on developing new sources that don't cause deforestation and compete with food production
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Small engines, like those found in lawn mowers and chainsaws, can use ethanol blends up to 10 percent without problems. The barrier to using higher blends, up to 20 percent, has more to do with manufacturers' warranties than limitations of the technology
  • filionmar99 on 23 Oct 12
     
    this gives good info about the current energy being generated in the us today
bureaumar98

Global Biofuel Production Forecast 2015-2020 | Market Research Media - 0 views

www.marketresearchmedia.com/...biofuel-market

biofuel future

shared by bureaumar98 on 15 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • The past decade has seen soaring oil prices, Middle East turmoil, government biofuel incentives, cleantech venture investments and maturing technologies, all these factors contributing to the critical mass necessary to launch the biofuel market, once and forever.
Connor Wiggins

HowStuffWorks "How Fuel Cells Work" - 0 views

auto.howstuffworks.com/...fuel-cell.htm

fuel cell sustainable

shared by Connor Wiggins on 15 Mar 12 - Cached
  • This initiative, supported by legislation in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005) and the Advanced Energy Initiative of 2006, aims to develop hydrogen, fuel cell and infrastructure technologies to make fuel-cell vehicles practical and cost-effective by 2020
  • Why are governments, private businesses and academic institutions collaborating to develop and produce them? Fuel cells generate electrical power quietly and efficiently, without pollution. Unlike power
  • that use fossil fuels, the by-products from an operating fuel cell are heat and water
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • With a fuel cell, chemicals constantly flow into the cell so it never goes dead -- as long as there is a flow of chemicals into the cell, the electricity flows out of the cell. Most fuel cells in use today use hydrogen and oxygen as the chemicals.
  • If you want to be technical about it, a fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device. A fuel cell converts the chemicals hydrogen and oxygen into water, and in the process it produces electricity.
  • polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC)
  • United States has dedicated more than one billion dollars to fuel cell research and development so far.So what exactly is a fuel cell,
  • With a fuel cell, chemicals constantly flow into the cell so it never goes dead -- as long as there is a flow of chemicals into the cell, the electricity flows out of the cell. Most fuel cells in use today use hydrogen and oxygen as the chemicals.
  • ricciardellinick on 08 Mar 13
     
    "In 2003, President Bush announced a program called the Hydrogen Fuel Initiative (HFI) during his State of the Union Address."
  • Connor Wiggins on 11 Mar 13
     
    It shows how its sustainable 
labrumbra99

A Basic Overview of Fuel Cell Technology - 0 views

americanhistory.si.edu/...basics.htm

fuel cell convert

shared by labrumbra99 on 15 Mar 12 - Cached
  • they generate electricity with very little pollution—much of the hydrogen and oxygen used in generating electricity ultimately combine to form a harmless byproduct, namely water.
  • Scientists and inventors have designed many different types and sizes of fuel cells in the search for greater efficiency, and the technical details of each kind vary
  • in general terms, hydrogen atoms enter a fuel cell at the anode where a chemical reaction strips them of their electrons. The hydrogen atoms are now “ionized,” and carry a positive electrical charge. The negatively charged electrons provide the current through wires to do work. If alternating current (AC) is needed, the DC output of the fuel cell must be routed through a conversion device called an inverter.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • But in general terms, hydrogen atoms enter a fuel cell at the anode where a chemical reaction strips them of their electrons. The hydrogen atoms are now �ionized,� and carry a positive electrical charge. The negatively charged electrons provide the current through wires to do work. If alternating current (AC) is needed, the DC output of the fuel cell must be routed through a conversion device called an inverter.
  • Every fuel cell also has an electrolyte, which carries electrically charged particles from one electrode to the other, and a catalyst, which speeds the reactions at the electrodes. Hydrogen is the basic fuel, but fuel cells also require oxygen. One great appeal of fuel cells is that they generate electricity with very little pollution–much of the hydrogen and oxygen used in generating electricity ultimately combine to form a harmless byproduct, namely water.
  • A fuel cell is a device that generates electricity by a chemical reaction. Every fuel cell has two electrodes, one positive and one negative, called, respectively, the anode and cathode. The reactions that produce electricity take place at the electrodes.
  • fuel cell is a device that generates electricity by a chemical reaction. Every fuel cell has two electrodes, one positive and one negative, called, respectively, the anode and cathode.
  • One detail of terminology:
  • Oxygen enters the fuel cell at the cathode and, in some cell types (like the one illustrated above), it there combines with electrons returning from the electrical circuit and hydrogen ions that have traveled through the electrolyte from the anode. In other cell types the oxygen picks up electrons and then travels through the electrolyte to the anode, where it combines with hydrogen ions. The electrolyte plays a key role. It must permit only the appropriate ions to pass between the anode and cathode. If free electrons or other substances could travel through the electrolyte, they would disrupt the chemical reaction. Whether they combine at anode or cathode, together hydrogen and oxygen form water, which drains from the cell. As long as a fuel cell is supplied with hydrogen and oxygen, it will generate electricity. Even better, since fuel cells create electricity chemically, rather than by combustion, they are not subject to the thermodynamic laws that limit a conventional power plant (see "Carnot Limit" in the glossary). Therefore, fuel cells are more efficient in extracting energy from a fuel. Waste heat from some cells can also be harnessed, boosting system efficiency still further
  • labrumbra99 on 08 Mar 13
     
    "A fuel cell is a device that generates electricity by a chemical reaction. Every fuel cell has two electrodes, one positive and one negative, called, respectively, the anode and cathode. The reactions that produce electricity take place at the electrodes."
  • ricciardellinick on 11 Mar 13
     
    "A fuel cell is a device that generates electricity by a chemical reaction. Every fuel cell has two electrodes, one positive and one negative, called, respectively, the anode and cathode."
smithree98

Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Vehicles - Is Hydrogen the Fuel of the Future? - 1 views

environment.about.com/...fcv.htm

hydrogen fuel all benifits

shared by smithree98 on 15 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • The benefits of ditching fossil fuels for hydrogen are many, of course. Burning fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to heat and cool our buildings and run our vehicles takes a heavy toll on the environment, contributing significantly to both local problems such as elevated particulate levels and global ones such as a warming climate. The only by-product of running a hydrogen-powered fuel cell is oxygen and a trickle of water, neither of which will cause any harm to human health or the environment.
  • But right now, 95 percent of the hydrogen available in the United States is either extracted from fossil fuels or made using electrolytic processes powered by fossil fuels, thus negating any real emissions savings or reduction in fossil-fuel usage. Only if renewable energy sources—solar, wind and others—can be harnessed to provide the energy to process hydrogen fuel can the dream of a truly clean hydrogen fuel be realized.
  • They concluded that we’d lower greenhouse gas emissions more by driving gasoline/electric hybrid cars than by driving fuel-cell cars run on hydrogen from coal. Hydrogen made using natural gas would fare a little bit better in terms of pollution output, while making it from wind power would be a slam-dunk for the environment.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • many reasons, ranging from safety to cost to lack of demand.
  • Another problem is the lack of hydrogen refueling stations
  • replacing the fossil fuels responsible for global warming and various nagging forms of pollution.
  • they are spending upwards of $1 million to produce each one due to the advanced technology involved and low production runs. Toyota hopes to reduce its costs per fuel-cell vehicle to around $50,000 by 2015
  • smithree98 on 22 Oct 12
     
    says most things about hydrogen and what it does
dpurdy

Hydrogen Fuel Cells | INTUITECH - Intuitive Technologies - 1 views

intuitech.biz/?p=7666

hydrogen current use

shared by dpurdy on 15 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • Thirty-eight nationally recognized companies in the United States, including eleven Fortune 500 corporations, are collectively saving millions of dollars in electricity costs while reducing carbon emissions by tens of thousands of tons per year by using fuel cells, according to a new report by Fuel Cells 2000, a non-profit education and outreach organization. 
stamperdyl98

Environment « myFC - 0 views

www.myfuelcell.se/...environment

hydrogen environmental

shared by stamperdyl98 on 15 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • Through the use of hydrogen together with fuel cell technology it is possible to achieve a radical decrease in local pollution of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particles from the transportation sector. Although the production of hydrogen from fossil fuels affects the environment it is an advantage that the carbon dioxide emissions can be separated already on the production site. This becomes evident when hydrogen is used as vehicle fuel, avoiding pollution from every individual vehicle.The only emission from a fuel cell reacting with hydrogen is pure water. The environmental gains are high, provided that pollution in the hydrogen production process is kept low. A fuel cell is approximately twice as energy efficient as a combustion engine if used in a regular car. The effect is that, using the same amount of energy, a fuel cell car can drive twice as far as a car with a combustion engine can.
stamperdyl98

Electricity from Fuel Cells - Technology Review - 0 views

www.technologyreview.com/...27010

hydrogen cost

shared by stamperdyl98 on 13 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • because the cost of fuel cells has dropped significantly over the last few years.
bureaumar98

Biofuels - Solid, liquid, or gas fuels made from biomass - 0 views

www.alternative-energy-news.info/...biofuels

biofuels what

shared by bureaumar98 on 13 Mar 12 - Cached
  • Biofuels are produced from living organisms or from metabolic by-products (organic or food waste products). In order to be considered a biofuel the fuel must contain over 80 percent renewable materials
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