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dpurdy

EIA Energy Kids - Energy Basics - 0 views

www.eia.gov/...energy.cfm

current

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Energy Is the Ability To Do Work Energy comes in different forms: Heat (thermal) Light (radiant) Motion (kinetic) Electrical Chemical Nuclear energy Gravitational
  • Renewable Energy Renewable energy sources include: Solar energy from the sun, which can be turned into electricity and heat Wind Geothermal energy from heat inside the Earth Biomass from plants, which includes firewood from trees, ethanol from corn, and biodiesel from vegetable oil Hydropower from hydroturbines at a dam
sokolkyl00

Switch to Clean Energy | A Student's Guide to Global Climate Change | US EPA - 1 views

www.epa.gov/...clean-energy.html

co2 solar

shared by sokolkyl00 on 25 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • When we get electricity from renewable energy sources like wind and solar power, we avoid the carbon dioxide emissions that would have come from burning fossil fuels like coal, oil, or natural gas.
shortsleevesky99

FAQ | Fuel Cells 2000 - 0 views

www.fuelcells.org/...faq

fuel cell history

shared by shortsleevesky99 on 11 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • shortsleevesky99 on 11 Mar 13
     
    "The first fuel cell was built in 1839 by Sir William Grove, a Welsh judge and gentleman scientist, who conducted dozens of experiments using his "gas battery."  More than a century later, equipment manufacturer Allis Chalmers plowed a Wisconsin alfalfa field using fuel cell-powered tractor (1959).  Serious interest in the fuel cell as a practical energy generator did not begin until the 1960′s, when the U.S. space program chose fuel cells over riskier nuclear power and more expensive solar energy, using fuel cells to furnish power for the Gemini and Apollo spacecraft and electricity and water for the space shuttle.  Also in the 1960s, the first passenger vehicle, a prototype van, was built by GM (1966); major auto manufacturers began more concerted fuel cell development efforts in the 1990s."
cottonetar98

Montana Environmental Information CenterCost of Wind vs. Fossil Fuels - MEIC - 0 views

meic.org/...cost-of-wind-vs-fossil-fuels

wind cost

shared by cottonetar98 on 22 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Wind energy is cost-competitive with fossil fuels, especially coal. In Montana, wind energy is less expensive than coal for NorthWestern Energy--the state's largest utility.
  • ccording to the EIA, the total cost of wind energy without federal tax and other financial incentives is about 9.7 cents/kilowatt-hour. The total cost of conventional coal without federal tax and other financial incentives is about 9.4 cents/kilowatt-hour.
  • here are integration costs associated with intermittent renewable energy but unlike fossil fuels, wind (and solar and many other renewables) the fuel price stays the same: Zero.  Plus, wind-power technology has rapidly evolved. Turbines are much larger, growing from an average of 1.2 megawatts to 1.6 megawatts (a 33% increase in average capacity) in just three years.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • When comparing the cost of wind vs. fossil fuels its important to consider  fuel costs, integration costs, operating costs, and the cost of tax incentives. Wind energy is cost-competitive with fossil fuels, especially coal. In Montana, wind energy is less expensive than coal for NorthWestern Energy--the state's largest utility. The graph below from the Montana Public Service Commission, compares the costs of various resources in NorthWestern's portfolio. Judith Gap wind facility is about $47.00/Megawatt-hour (or 4.7 cents/kilowatt-hour) and Colstrip Unit 4 is $68.00/Megawatt-hour or (6.8 cents/kilowatt hour).
  • Today's typical new turbine has a 2.3-megawatt capacity; 7-megawatt turbines will be available soon.  The newer turbines can wring more electric power out of the wind (especially at lower wind speeds) than older turbines could. The combination of greater output and greater capacity nearly offsets the materials and labor cost increases plaguing traditional resources.
  • mcdermottaar99 on 11 Mar 13
     
    wind to fossil fuels 
smithree98

Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Vehicles - Is Hydrogen the Fuel of the Future? - 1 views

environment.about.com/...fcv.htm

hydrogen fuel all benifits

shared by smithree98 on 15 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • The benefits of ditching fossil fuels for hydrogen are many, of course. Burning fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to heat and cool our buildings and run our vehicles takes a heavy toll on the environment, contributing significantly to both local problems such as elevated particulate levels and global ones such as a warming climate. The only by-product of running a hydrogen-powered fuel cell is oxygen and a trickle of water, neither of which will cause any harm to human health or the environment.
  • But right now, 95 percent of the hydrogen available in the United States is either extracted from fossil fuels or made using electrolytic processes powered by fossil fuels, thus negating any real emissions savings or reduction in fossil-fuel usage. Only if renewable energy sources—solar, wind and others—can be harnessed to provide the energy to process hydrogen fuel can the dream of a truly clean hydrogen fuel be realized.
  • They concluded that we’d lower greenhouse gas emissions more by driving gasoline/electric hybrid cars than by driving fuel-cell cars run on hydrogen from coal. Hydrogen made using natural gas would fare a little bit better in terms of pollution output, while making it from wind power would be a slam-dunk for the environment.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • many reasons, ranging from safety to cost to lack of demand.
  • Another problem is the lack of hydrogen refueling stations
  • replacing the fossil fuels responsible for global warming and various nagging forms of pollution.
  • they are spending upwards of $1 million to produce each one due to the advanced technology involved and low production runs. Toyota hopes to reduce its costs per fuel-cell vehicle to around $50,000 by 2015
  • smithree98 on 22 Oct 12
     
    says most things about hydrogen and what it does
dpurdy

What is wave energy? | Pelamis Wave Power - 4 views

www.pelamiswave.com/...what-is-wave-energy

wave what pollution sustainable co2 form

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • What is wave energy? Waves are generated by the passage of wind across the surface of the sea.  Energy is transferred from the wind to the waves.  Waves travel vast distances across the ocean and at great speed and the energy is concentrated near the water surface.  The energy within a wave is proportional to the square of the wave height.  Therefore a two-meter high wave has four times the power of a one-meter high wave. The longer and stronger the wind blows over the surface of the sea, the higher, longer, faster and more powerful the sea is.
  • Although wave energy is a form of concentrated wind energy, as it has often travelled over large distances it is regularly out of phase with the local wind conditions.  Wave energy can therefore help to balance output variability from other renewable sources and maximise the efficient use of the electricity networks.   Wave energy is also more predictable than many other forms of renewable energy, such as wind or solar, and can be forecast accurately up to five days in advance.
  • Wave energy is clean and renewable!  It is one of the last renewable energy forms which mankind has yet to harness, and its potential is huge.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Wave energy could play a major part in the world’s efforts to combat climate change, potentially displacing 1 – 2 billion tonnes of CO2 per annum from conventional fossil fuel generating sources.
sopranodan99

Wave & Tidal Energy Technology | Renewable Northwest Project - 0 views

www.rnp.org/...wave-tidal-energy-technology

wave current

shared by sopranodan99 on 22 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Potential
  • Wave energy resources are best between 30º and 60º latitude in both hemispheres, and the potential tends to be the greatest on western coasts
  • While no commercial wave or tidal projects have yet been developed in the United States, several projects are planned for the near future, including projects in the Northwest
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • ‘Pelamis’ wave energy conversion devices and generates a combined 2.25 MW of electricity. OPD plans to expand the facility to produce 22.5 MW in 2007
  • The United States receives 2,100 terawatt-hours of incident wave energy along its coastlines each year, and tapping just one quarter of this potential could produce as much energy as the entire U.S. hydropower system.
  • Total Annual U.S. Incident Wave Energy 2,110 terrawatt-hours
  • The United States receives 2,100 terawatt-hours of incident wave energy along its coastlines each year, and tapping just one quarter of this potential could produce as much energy as the entire U.S. hydropower system
  • In addition to its abundant solar, wind and geothermal resources, the Pacific Northwest is also uniquely situated to capture the renewable energy of the ocean. Special buoys, turbines, and other technologies can capture the power of waves and tides and convert it into clean, pollution-free electricity. Like other renewable resources, both wave and tidal energy are variable in nature. Waves are produced by winds blowing across the surface of the ocean. However, because waves travel across the ocean, their arrival time at the wave power facility may be more predictable than wind. In contrast, tidal energy, which is driven by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun, is predictable centuries in advance.
  • The United States receives 2,100 terawatt-hours of incident wave energy along its coastlines each year, and tapping just one quarter of this potential could produce as much energy as the entire U.S. hydropower system
  • The Unit
  • mchughkon99 on 15 Mar 13
     
    the amount of 1/4 of energy around the coasts could be equal to the amount energy produced by hydropower
dpurdy

Fuel Cells - Electrochemical Power - 1 views

www.fuelcell.no/hydrogen_mainpage_eng.htm

Hydrogen what future

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Hydrogen as the Main Fuel of the Future Over the last decades hydrogen, (H2) has gained more and more attention as an environmentally friendly fuel and storage medium. Combustion of pure hydrogen produces only water as exhaust. Hydrocarbon and carbon oxide emissions can only come from motor oil in the combustion chamber. Nitrous oxide emissions result from the nitrogen content in the air and increase exponentially with the combustion temperature. By using H2 in fuel cells, practically no pollution occurs. In this respect, hydrogen offers emission levels that are much lower than existing and future standards.
  • Hydrogen is the most common of all elements in the universe.
  • The desire for a long-term transition to a hydrogen society is mainly based on the need to reduce polluting and climate-affecting emissions and the concern about depletion of fossil fuel resources. Today about 90 % of the world's energy consumption is covered by fossil fuels, and most of this comes from a limited number of regions in the world. Even if hydrogen will be used on a large scale in the future, there is still a need for an energy source to produce it. Renewable energy technology such as hydro electricity, wind, wave and solar power are in principle available, but are not yet mature for mass production and/or fully developed. 
  • anonymous on 02 Oct 13
     
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dpurdy

HowStuffWorks "How the Hydrogen Economy Works" - 3 views

auto.howstuffworks.com/...hydrogen-economy4.htm

fuel cell form convert

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • In the hydrogen economy, there is no storehouse to tap into. We have to actually create the e­nergy in real-time.
  • There are two possible sources for the hydrogen: Electrolysis of water - Using electricity, it is easy to split water molecules to create pure hydrogen and oxygen. One big advantage of this process is that you can do it anywhere. For example, you could have a box in your garage producing hydrogen from tap water, and you could fuel your car with that hydrogen. Reforming fossil fuels - Oil and natural gas contain hydrocarbons -- molecules consisting of hydrogen and carbon. Using a device called a fuel processor or a reformer, you can split the hydrogen off the carbon in a hydrocarbon relatively easily and then use the hydrogen. You discard the leftover carbon to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.
  • To have a pure hydrogen economy, the hydrogen must be derived from renewable sources rather than fossil fuels so that we stop releasing carbon into the atmosphere. Having enough electricity to separate hydrogen from water, and generating that electricity without using fossil fuels, will be the biggest change that we see in creating the hydrogen economy.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • In the future, barring some technological breakthrough, it seems likely that one of two things will happen to create the hydrogen economy: Either nuclear-power or solar-power generating capacity will increase dramatically.
  • The electrical-generation problem is probably the biggest barrier to the hydrogen economy
dpurdy

NREL: Learning - Wind Energy Basics - 0 views

www.nrel.gov/...re_wind.html

wind uses

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - Cached
  • Applications These wind turbines near Lamar, Colorado, are part of the 162-MW Colorado Green Wind Farm. Each turbine produces 1.5 megawatts of electricity. Wind turbines can be used as stand-alone applications, or they can be connected to a utility power grid or even combined with a photovoltaic (solar cell) system. For utility-scale (megawatt-sized) sources of wind energy, a large number of wind turbines are usually built close together to form a wind plant. Several electricity providers today use wind plants to supply power to their customers.
  • anonymous on 02 Oct 13
     
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dpurdy

Wave Energy Wave Power Clean Renewable Electricity Generation - Wavegen - 1 views

www.wavegen.co.uk/info_schools_wave_whistles.htm

wave what

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • Ocean waves are a tertiary form of solar energy, in that unequal heating of the Earth’s surface generates wind, and wind blowing over water generates waves. Despite the fact that nearly 75% of the Earth’s surface is covered with water, waves are a largely unexplored source of energy, compared with the progress that has been made in harnessing the sun and wind.
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olsentri00

Wind Power: A Lucrative Renewable Energy Source - 0 views

sites.duke.edu/...comparison

solar wind

shared by olsentri00 on 24 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • olsentri00 on 24 Sep 13
     
    There are many renewable energy sources out there right now, continuing to develop in their technology and production. All of these resources have very high capital cost inputs that are hard to compete with cheap natural gas. However, these new resources are abundant, some even limitless, and unlike natural gas, fuels and oil, they will be around for a long time.
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