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behanjos99

What are geothermal energy advantages and disadvantages? - 0 views

cognitiveanomalies.com/y-advantages-and-disadvantages

disadvantages geothermal form

shared by behanjos99 on 11 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Advantages: Geothermal energy cost is extremely low compared to many other energy sources. It has low pollution compared to fossil fuels and nuclear energy. Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source. Almost no environmental impact when using geothermal heat from nuclear decay. Geothermal heat pump systems can reduce your energy use storing heat from the summer/sun and makes use of it in the night and winter. Low maintenance systems.
  • Disadvantages: The most important disadvantage is absolutely the geological problem.  The heat source is mostly close to volcanic activity of some sort. Chemicals are byproducts of the production electricity with hot ground water. Some geothermal plants use a lot of water and it needs to go somewhere its after use. Some of the poluting chemicals in that water and steam are sulfur, mercury, hydrogen sulfide, arsenic, ammonia. Earth is a changing creature.  A drilled hole in the ground could supply thousands of homes heat and one earthquake could change that in a second.  It can also change gradually over time. Location, location, location.  That is certainly true of geothermal energy.  It cannot be transported over vast distances.  If used to heat up houses or for hot tap water it is only the quality of the pipe that delivers the water that determines how far it can go and if it will be of any use when it arrives. If the heat is used for electrical production it helps to have plants close so the energy loss is not too great. 
  • Corrosion is a big problem.  Composition of the chemicals can vary but it is always a problem.  It is among other the reason they need to heat up clean water to use and do not use it directly in to heating of houses.  In cases it has been used directly it causes pipes to corrode. In nuclear heating rock the rock cools down over few decades and hundreds of years are needed to get initial heating back.  Power stations of that sort are therefore not considered as profitable. Geothermal Heat pump systems do have high installation cost. Some areas run out of water or run low on ground water during seasonal dry spells. Less water means less heat and less energy to produce. Some drilling sites are too hot to handle.  Yea. Drillers have actually tried and tried some holes and they just can’t get the needed equipment in because the holes shoot it out like guns.   With workers running to stay alive while steel rains down on them. 
schmettererdav00

Biofuels - What are They and Where Do They Come From? | Sustainable Energy Systemz - 0 views

sustainableenergysystemz.com/...2929

biofuel form

shared by schmettererdav00 on 11 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Biofuels are made with biomass (biological material from living or recently living organisms) there are many kinds, for example biodiesel involves growing crops that contain large amounts of natural oil, these plants then go through a refining process and subsequently are mixed in with regular diesel to power cars. Bio petrol is made in a similar way; plants are refined to make a natural ethanol.
sconzomic99

Tidal Energy for Kids - 0 views

renewableenergyindex.com/...tidal-energy-kids

sustainable pollution energy tide cost

shared by sconzomic99 on 11 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • As far as producing electricity goes, tidal energy is one of the cheapest kinds.
  • Since the tidal cycle repeats itself every 24 hours, there is a guarantee that power can be produced this way every day of the year.
  • can help protect delicate coastal areas from storm damage, as well
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • can protect against erosion
  • Even though tidal energy does not produce any kind of pollution, the barrages completely change the coastline. Many animals and birds make their homes on the mudflats around tidal basins. When the tidal energy plants flood these areas, the habitats of these animals are destroyed. Holding the water back also causes silt to build up inside the tidal basin and can cause the released water to take longer to clear from dirt and materials. This can keep the water around the coastline from settling and becoming clear as quickly as it usually does. There is also evidence that using tidal power plants can change the migration patterns of many ocean creatures.
  • Other people think that since tidal energy plants can only produce electricity for about ten hours every day,
  • it is not worth the danger to plants, animals, and ecosystems.
schmettererdav00

Biofuel Facts - 0 views

environment.nationalgeographic.com/...biofuel-profile

sustainable biofuel

shared by schmettererdav00 on 11 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Much of the gasoline in the United States is blended with a biofuel—ethanol. This is the same stuff as in alcoholic drinks, except that it's made from corn that has been heavily processed. There are various ways of making biofuels, but they generally use chemical reactions, fermentation, and heat to break down the starches, sugars, and other molecules in plants. The leftover products are then refined to produce a fuel that cars can use.
  • schmettererdav00 on 20 Sep 13
     
    On the face of it, biofuels look like a great solution. Cars are a major source of atmospheric carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas that causes global warming. But since plants absorb carbon dioxide as they grow, crops grown for biofuels should suck up about as much carbon dioxide as comes out of the tailpipes of cars that burn these fuels. And unlike underground oil reserves, biofuels are a renewable resource since we can always grow more crops to turn into fuel.
mcdermottaar99

Generate Your Own Wind Energy - 0 views

www.sustainablestuff.co.uk/GenerateYourOwnWindEnergy.html

wind energy cost pollution

shared by mcdermottaar99 on 11 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • As with installing your own solar energy, installing wind energy will help to reduce carbon emissions, which damage the environment and will save money.
  • It's only downfall is possibly the visual impact it makes on the landscape: A tall 'small scale' generator could attract wide rebuttal from neighbours, and this is worth considering before embarking on a wind generation project. However, if you live in a remote area, which benefits from exposure to the wind, or have neighbours that are happy for you to go ahead with the project, installing wind power can be an economically viable way to capitalise on natural, renewable resources
  • A wind generator will cost in the region of £3'000 - £15'000, at about £3'000 per kilowatt.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • You can expect a wind generator to pay for itself in little over five years, and with conventional energy prices soaring, the dividends will increase with time.
rascoekat00

Tidal Power - Generating electricity from tidal currents - 1 views

www.alternative-energy-news.info/...tidal-power

tide energy

shared by rascoekat00 on 11 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Tidal energy is produced through the use of tidal energy generators. These large underwater turbines are placed in areas with high tidal movements, and are designed to capture the kinetic motion of the ebbing and surging of ocean tides in order to produce electricity. Tidal power has great potential for future power and electricity generation because of the massive size of the oceans. These articles explore the potential energy of tidal power technologies.
  • We can use slow moving ocean and river waves for a new, reliable and affordable alternative energy source. A University of Michigan engineer has developed a device that acts like a fish that turns the potentially destructive vibrations in water into clean, renewable energy.
  • It will generate one of the most environmentally-friendly forms of energy - it makes no noise
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • "But if we could harness 0.1 percent of the energy in the ocean, we could support the energy needs of 15 billion people
  • Tidal energy is produced through the use of tidal energy generators. These large underwater turbines are placed in areas with high tidal movements
  • Xin Wang on 11 Mar 13
     
    This is how tidal energy is converted into useful form of power. 
mchughkon99

Directory:Cents Per Kilowatt-Hour - PESWiki - 0 views

peswiki.com/...ectory:Cents_Per_Kilowatt-Hour

fossil fuels cost

shared by mchughkon99 on 22 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • GasCurrently supplies around 15% of the global electricity demand. 3.9 - 4.4 Cents/kW-h Gas-fired plants and generally quicker and less expensive to build than coal or nuclear, but a relatively high percentage of the cost/KWh is derived from the cost of the fuel. Due to the current (and projected future) upwards trend in gas prices, there is uncertainty around the cost / KWh over the lifetime of plants. Gas burns more cleanly than coal, but the gas itself (largely methane) is a potent greenhouse gas. Some energy conversions to calculate your cost of natural gas per kwh. 100 cubic feet (CCF)~ 1 Therm = 100,000 btu ~ 29.3 kwh. CoalCurrently supplies around 38% of the global electricity demand. 4.8 - 5.5 Cents/kW-h Increasingly difficult to build new coal plants in the developed world, due to environmental requirements governing the plants. Growing concern about coal fired plants in the developing world (China, for instance, imposes less environmental overhead, and has large supplies of high sulphur content coal). The supply of coal is plentiful, but the coal generation method is perceived to make a larger contribution to air pollution than the rest of the methods combined. NuclearCurrently supplies around 24% of the global electricity demand. 11.1 - 14.5 Cents/kW-h Political difficulties in using nuclear in some nations. Risk of widespread (and potentially lethal) contamination upon containment failure. Fuel is plentiful, but problematic. Waste disposal remains a significant problem, and de-commissioning is costly (averaging approximately US $320MM per plant in the US).
  • mchughkon99 on 22 Mar 13
     
    cost for fossil fuels
dpurdy

Energy - Ocean and Wave - 0 views

renet-eu-india.com/energywave.php

wave form

shared by dpurdy on 23 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • More than 70% of Earth's surface is covered by oceans which contain two types of energy: mechanical energy from waves and tides and Thermal energy from solar radiations falling on the ocean surface making them the world's largest solar collectors
dpurdy

The Biofuels FAQs: The Facts About Biofuels: Biodiesel - 0 views

www.energyfuturecoalition.org/...fact_biodiesel.htm

biofuel cost

shared by dpurdy on 19 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Biodiesel from soybeans costs an estimated $2 to $2.50 per gallon to produce. Biodiesel from yellow grease is about $1 a gallon cheaper, but the available supply in the U.S. is much smaller – enough to make 100 million gallons per year. Producers of biodiesel from pure vegetable oil are eligible for a federal excise tax credit of $1 for every gallon blended with conventional diesel. Biodiesel from used cooking oil earns a credit of 50 cents per gallon.
  • Another promising technology captures smokestack emissions of carbon dioxide for use in an “algae farm,” where the gas stimulates the rapid growth of algae that can be converted into biodiesel and ethanol.
westkea00

Ocean Wave Energy Power Technology - History - 0 views

clean-future.com/...wave-power

shared by westkea00 on 06 Apr 13 - No Cached
  • Currently, numerous wave power plants (so called wave farms) have been implemented throughout the world. Many different organizations have designed various wave power systems that differ in size, cost, and effectiveness. A wave farm is a collection of wave power systems in order to create mass quantities of power. One example of a wave power plant is the Aguçadoura Wave Farm in Portugal from Pelamis Wave Power Ltd. It is the first wave farm ever established and produces 2.25 megawatts of power. It was completed in 2008. Other wave farms, with other companies involved, have been proposed.
  • In contrast to tidal power, ocean wave energy plants do not make use of the energy difference between high tide and low tide, but generating energy from continuous wave motion. So, wave energy generation is the conversion of the forces from the motion of waves into usable energy.
  • Wave energy is considered a form of hydropower, although it is the wind blowing over the surface of the ocean causing waves. So in many ways, wave energy is also wind energy - with all the pros and cons.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • Wave energy is about using the energy of ocean waves for producing electrical current. It is a renewable energy resource and often confused with Tidal Power.
  • Wave power generation has been tested over the past century as an alternative energy source to fossil fuels to create electrical power, sea water desalinization, and reservoir pumping. Unfortunately, despite of all examinations and tests, the price for generating energy from ocean waves is still about twice as high as that of wind energy. Companies involved in wave energy generation hope to be able to cut 50% of the costs within the next couple of years.
  • During the 1970's gasoline crisis, wave power was pushed in order to be a good long term energy solution. Later, the energy crisis was resolved yet the leaps and bounds made in the innovation of wave power remained. Though there were not many wave power plants actually implemented, it has proven to be a benefit to modern resolutions with current power crises. Fuel prices are rising exponentially and the greenhouse effect is having potentially disastrous effects on the environment. There has never been more need for alternatives to fossil generated energy.
ackleysam99

Solar energy 'cheaper than fossil fuels in 5 years' - 0 views

www.lowcarboneconomy.com/...3442

cost

shared by ackleysam99 on 22 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Speaking to Silicon.com, the author of The Age of Intelligent Machines, said that nanotechnology could help solve the world's energy crisis and make solar technology cheaper.
stanglebre99

Wind Development - 0 views

www.citizensenergy.com/...wind-development

transported wind

shared by stanglebre99 on 22 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Negotiating power purchase agreements
  • In some states, where the electricity market has been deregulated, it is possible for the owner of a wind project to sell electricity directly to customers.  However, wind developers usually sell their electricity to electric utilities, which sell the electricity to customers. T his is usually done by negotiating a power purchase agreement, which is a contract requiring a utility to buy the electricity from a wind farm at a certain price over a certain period of time.  In some cases, an alternative arrangement is reached, in which the developer owns a share of the project long enough to mak
  • In some states, where the electricity market has been deregulated, it is possible for the owner of a wind project to sell electricity directly to customers.  However, wind developers usually sell their electricity to electric utilities, which sell the electricity to customers. T his is usually done by negotiating a power purchase agreement, which is a contract requiring a utility to buy the electricity from a wind farm at a certain price over a certain period of time.  In some cases, an alternative arrangement is reached, in which the developer owns a share of the project long enough to make a specified amount of money.  After this point, the ownership in the project “flips,” and the utility ends up owning the project.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • a specified amount of mone
janosjus99

Biofuels: Journey to Forever - how to make your own clean-burning biofuel - 0 views

journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html

biofuel

shared by janosjus99 on 22 Oct 12 - Cached
    • janosjus99
      janosjus99 on 22 Oct 12
       
      history on bio fuels
  • but if everyone had cars like ours, there'd be no need for roads."
pettitmat99

Biofuels - 0 views

www.voxsolaris.com/biofuels.html

cost

shared by pettitmat99 on 22 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Biofuels are basically any fuel that can be burned in air to produce heat that is produced by biological means, normally by plant growth. Currently the most prominant biofuels are ethanol and bio-deisel because these can be burned in existing internal combustion engines and are thus a direct replacement for oil. The most important biofuel historically is wood with oth
  • Biofuels are currently cheaper than oil although this is only because we are seeing very high oil prices at the moment. Under what might be termed more 'normal' market conditions, biofuels lack any meaningful price advantage. Biofuel production is very labor intensive and very land intensive. Production of ethanol from sugar cane was pioneered by the Brazilians in the 1970's as a solution to an oil import bill they could ill afford. It worked for them as they have plenty of land they can convert to growing sugar cane and at the time, plenty of cheap labor with which to harvest it.
  • he simple truth is the world does not have enough land to produce anywhere near the quantity of biofuels we need to make any dent in our oil consumption. They are only in fashion now oil prices are high and it is cost effective to produce them. Sooner or later food prices will rise to such a point that biofuel production will cease to be economic.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • In any case the current price of oil is unlikely to be sustained. Much of today's oil prices can be attributed to the geopolitical situation in the Middle East and the hording of oil both for security of supply and more recently as a hedge against the falling dollar.
  • e they cheaper than oil? That depends how you calculate the cost!
  • pettitmat99 on 22 Oct 12
     
    "But herein lies the first problem with biofuels. They may be carbon nuetral but they are certainly not as green as they might be. Not if the land to grow sugar is coming from cutting down the Amazon jungle and not if vast quantities o"
logansar99

Wave (geography) - GCSE Wiki - 0 views

gcse.wikia.com/...Wave_(geography)

wave energy location geography

shared by logansar99 on 22 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Wave energy is generally affected by three main factors: Wind speed - higher wind speed means more wave energy, because the energy is transfered from the wind to the wave. Fetch - the distance of open water over which the wave has travelled across makes a big differenece on wave height and wave energy, as a longer fetch gives the waves longer to 'grow'. Wind duration - with a longer storm, the waves will be bigger.
dpurdy

Photovoltaic power station - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Photovoltaic_power_station

infrastructure transported grid solar

shared by dpurdy on 26 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • A photovoltaic power station, also known as a solar park, is a large-scale photovoltaic system designed for the supply of merchant power into the electricity grid. They are differentiated from most building-mounted and other decentralised solar power applications because they supply power at the utility level, rather than to a local user or users. They are sometimes also referred to as solar farms or solar ranches, especially when sited in agricultural areas.
  • Most stations are sited within a few kilometres of a suitable grid connection point. This network needs to be capable of absorbing the output of the solar park when operating at its maximum capacity. The project developer will normally have to absorb the cost of providing powerlines to this point and making the connection; in addition often to any costs associated with upgrading the grid, so it can accommodate the output from the plant.
  • Income is therefore affected not only by the reliability of equipment within the plant, but also by the availability of the grid network to which it is exporting
hughesacam99

Wave Energy Pros and Cons - Energy Informative - 0 views

energyinformative.org/wave-energy-pros-and-cons

pros wave energy informative

shared by hughesacam99 on 23 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Harnessing wave energy comes without the emission of harmful green house gases. This is the main motivation factor behind further development of this way of power generation.
  • Like with most green energy sources, wave power is also renewable. Since this energy source ultimately comes from the heat energy that is emitted from the sun, it will not disappear for some time – in fact, several billion years or as long time it takes for the sun to burn out.
  • The energy density is typically around 30-40 kW for every meter (2.2 feet) of wave along the shore. As we go further into the ocean 100kW for every meter is not uncommon.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • Waves are hardly interrupted and almost always in motion.
  • This makes generating electricity from wave energy a reasonable reliable energy source
  • It should be mentioned that the amount of energy that is being transported through waves does vary every year and from season to season. On the northern hemisphere, the average value of November and May could be different with a factor of two or more.
dpurdy

Hydrogen fuel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Hydrogen_fuel

hydrogen fuel form

shared by dpurdy on 24 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • Because pure hydrogen does not occur naturally, it takes energy to manufacture it. There are different ways to manufacture it, such as, electrolysis and steam-methane reforming process.
  • In electrolysis, electricity is run through water to separate the hydrogen and oxygen atoms. This method can be used by using wind, solar, geothermal, hydro, fossil fuels, biomass, and many other resources.
  • The more natural methods of making electricity (wind, solar, hydro, geothermal, biomass), rather than fossil fuels, would be better used as to continue the environment-friendly process of the fuel. Obtaining hydrogen from this process is being studied as a viable way to produce it domestically at a low cost. Steam-methane reforming process extracts the hydrogen from methane. However, this reaction causes a side production of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide which are greenhouse gases and contribute to global warming.
bureaumar98

Biofuels | Biofuel Guide - 0 views

biofuelguide.net/biofuels

biofuels guide what

shared by bureaumar98 on 15 Mar 12 - No Cached
  • There have been studies that prove the many benefits of substituting fossil fuels (petroleum, etc) with biofuels such as biodiesel and ethanol. In its simplest sense, such biofuels are biodegradable which means they are derived from organic materials. They are naturally renewable. It can create numerous jobs since our own farmers can practically make them domestically. Consequently, our reliance on foreign sources of fossil fuels will be significantly reduced. Moreover, these biofuels emit nontoxic and cleaner emissions in comparison to traditional fuels. These alternative fuels also do not promote global warming, since the carbon they emit is taken back to the environment.
  • biofuel is far more simple and easy to use
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