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dpurdy

How much CO2 does one solar panel create? | MNN - Mother Nature Network - 2 views

www.mnn.com/...o2-does-one-solar-panel-create

solar co2 fossil fuels

shared by dpurdy on 06 Apr 13 - Cached
  • solar panels are at least 20x better on the climate than coal, kWh for kWh.
  • Based on that study, solar PV works out to about 50g of CO2 per kWh compared to coal's 975g of CO2 per kWh, or about 20x "cleaner."
  • dpurdy on 06 Apr 13
     
    Comparison of CO2 from photovoltaics and coal. 
waiteric00

How much CO2 does solar energy produce? | Ecooutfitters.net - 0 views

www.ecooutfitters.net/...o2-emissions-with-solar-panels

co2

shared by waiteric00 on 23 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • Let’s not hide the fact that manufacturing solar panels requires resources, fossil fuels that release CO2 emissions and add to our carbon footprint. However, it’s been shown in numerous studies that solar panel production releases nowhere near as much CO2 and other greenhouse gases as electric generated from coal, oil, natural gas, etc. (And you still need to produce the equipment to generate electricity from those sources as well.)
wooddan99

geothermal CO2 emissions - 0 views

www.energyadvocate.com/air_geo.htm

geothermal co2

shared by wooddan99 on 25 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • Somewhat surprisingly, the hot air that carries the heat from the earth at geothermal sites also contains carbon dioxide, CO2, the Greenhouse Gas that sends anti-technologists into a frenzy.  The suite of 20 geothermal sites from which Southern California Electric is obligated to buy electricity produces 730 tonnes of CO2 for every gigawatt-hour (GWh) of electricity produced.  Across the spectrum of all natural-gas power plants in the US, the average CO2 production is 519 tonnes per GWh.  That is, the geothermal power plants, which burn no fossil fuels whatsoever, produce 41% more CO2 than the run-of-the-mill natural gas power plant for the same amount of electrical energy produced.
carusonepay99

Wind energy FAQ | EWEA - 0 views

www.ewea.org/...wind-energy-faq

wind climate change

shared by carusonepay99 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Each year we release millions of tonnes of carbon dioxide by burning fossil fuels (oil, coal and gas). In 2010, on average, every single EU citizen emitted 9.4 tonnes of CO2 – that’s enough to fill ten three-storey buildings. For every kWh of wind energy that you use, you will save approximately 696g of CO2. EWEA estimates that wind energy avoided the emission of 140 million tonnes of CO2 in 2011 in the EU, equivalent to taking 33% of cars in the EU – 71 million vehicles – off the road. This avoided CO2 costs of around €3.5 billion (assuming a price of €25/t CO2). Choosing how your electricity is produced plays an important role in protecting the climate: it’s easy to switch to a green power provider; you request the change and your current and future providers will organise it themselves.
behanjos99

Geothermal pollution: Does geothermal energy cause pollution? - 1 views

www.green-energy-efficient-homes.com/geothermal-pollution.html

form geothermal co2

shared by behanjos99 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Geothermal electricity generation does involve a small amount of geothermal pollution in that the steam coming up from below ground carries some toxic gases, but in most plants these gases, as well as the steam, are condensed and reinjected into the ground so the effect on the environment is negligible. There are no CO2 emissions from geothermal energy so it is a much better source of electricity than coal or natural gas or nuclear (or even large-scale hydro generation which requires the flooding of large areas of land).
  • Geothermal electricity generation does involve a small amount of geothermal pollution in that the steam coming up from below ground carries some toxic gases, but in most plants these gases, as well as the steam, are condensed and reinjected into the ground so the effect on the environment is negligible. There are no CO2 emissions from geothermal energy so it is a much better source of electricity than coal or natural gas or nuclear (or even large-scale hydro generation which requires the flooding of large areas of land).
  • Geothermal electricity generation does involve a small amount of geothermal pollution in that the steam coming up from below ground carries some toxic gases, but in most plants these gases, as well as the steam, are condensed and reinjected into the ground so the effect on the environment is negligible. There are no CO2 emissions from geothermal energy so it is a much better source of electricity than coal or natural gas or nuclear (or even large-scale hydro generation which requires
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Geothermal electricity generation does involve a small amount of geothermal pollution in that the steam coming up from below ground carries some toxic gases, but in most plants these gases, as well as the steam, are condensed and reinjected into the ground so the effect on the environment is negligible. There are no CO2 emissions from geothermal energy so it is a much better source of electricity than coal or natural gas or nuclear (or even large-scale hydro generation which requires the flooding of large areas of land).
labrumbra99

Sierra Club Green Home » Blog Archive Fuel Cells: Environmental Benefits » Si... - 0 views

www.sierraclubgreenhome.com/...fuel-cells-eco-benefits

fuel cell sustainable

shared by labrumbra99 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • The use of fuel cells can significantly diminish our dependency on foreign oil. Since fuel cells make energy electrochemically and do not burn fuel like conventional combustion systems, they are much more efficient. Admittedly, some fuel cells need fossil fuels to start their functions; most residential systems run partially off of natural gas. If just 20% of the cars in America used fuel cells, we could cut oil imports by 1.5 million barrels per day. This is $44 billion per year that could remain in the country!
  • The use of fuel cells can significantly diminish our dependency on foreign oil. Since fuel cells make energy electrochemically and do not burn fuel like conventional combustion systems, they are much more efficient. Admittedly, some fuel cells need fossil fuels to start their functions; most residential systems run partially off of natural gas. If just 20% of the cars in America used fuel cells, we could cut oil imports by 1.5 million barrels per day. This is $44 billion per year that could remain in the country!
  • The use of fuel cells can significantly diminish our dependency on foreign oil. Since fuel cells make energy electrochemically and do not burn fuel like conventional combustion systems, they are much more efficient. Admittedly, some fuel cells need fossil fuels to start their functions; most residential systems run partially off of natural gas. If just 20% of the cars in America used fuel cells, we could cut oil imports by 1.5 million barrels per day. This is $44 billion per year that could remain in the country!
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • fuel cells
  • metimes produce a by-product of water or heat, though hydrogen fuel cells are considered more difficult to work with because of transportation and storage. More user friendly fuel cells which use natural gas with emissions that are much lower than those produced by conventional engines or energy sources and can reduce your carbon footprint by around 40%. Additionally, there are only negligible levels of NOx, SOx, Volatile organic compounds and particulates, which is a drastic improvement over traditional means of grid power production. Besides the decreased CO2 emissions and high efficiency rates, fuel c
  • The use of fuel cells can significantly diminish our dependency on foreign oil. Since fuel cells make energy electrochemically and do not burn fuel like conventional combustion systems, they are much more efficient. Admittedly, some fuel cells need fossil fuels to start their functions; most residential systems run partially off of natural gas. If just 20% of the cars in America used fuel cells, we could cut oil imports by 1.5 million barrels per day. This is $44 billion per year that could remain in the country!
  • The use of fuel cells can significantly diminish our dependency on foreign oil. Since fuel cells make energy electrochemically and do not burn fuel like conventional combustion systems, they are much more efficient. Admittedly, some fuel cells need fossil fuels to start their functions; most residential systems run partially off of natural gas. If just 20% of the cars in America used fuel cells, we could cut oil imports by 1.5 million barrels per day. This is $44 billion per year that could remain in the country!
  • labrumbra99 on 12 Mar 13
     
    " The environmental impact of fuel cells depends on the type of cell and the fuel being used. Fuel cells can run on a variety of sources, from natural gas to hydrogen to ethanol to biogas. Those that run on hydrogen can sometimes produce a by-product of water or heat, though hydrogen fuel cells are considered more difficult to work with because of transportation and storage. More user friendly fuel cells which use natural gas with emissions that are much lower than those produced by conventional engines or energy sources and can reduce your carbon footprint by around 40%. Additionally, there are only negligible levels of NOx, SOx, Volatile organic compounds and particulates, which is a drastic improvement over traditional means of grid power production. Besides the decreased CO2 emissions and high efficiency rates, fuel cells offer plenty of positive environmental impacts that should be considered by investors and consumers as solutions for cleaner energy are being further researched. 1. Fuel Conservation The use of fuel cells can significantly diminish our dependency on foreign oil. Since fuel cells make energy electrochemically and do not burn fuel like conventional combustion systems, they are much more efficient. Admittedly, some fuel cells need fossil fuels to start their functions; most residential systems run partially off of natural gas. If just 20% of the cars in America used fuel cells, we could cut oil imports by 1.5 million barrels per day. This is $44 billion per year that could remain in the country! 2. Combined Heat and Power The greatest benefit from high powered, well designed fuel cells is the heat and power produced. This means that a property can reduce additional investments to heat their indoor areas or water. In this case, less is more. Since the heat can be redirected to heat water, the environmental benefit from this is the ability to heat the hot water supply without a need for a separate system as is the case with home solar."
giumarraant99

http://www.bis.gov.uk/assets/foresight/docs/energy/hydrogen-and-fuel-cells-towards-a-su... - 1 views

www.bis.gov.uk/...wards-a-sustainable-future.pdf

CO2 pollution use

shared by giumarraant99 on 22 Oct 12 - No Cached
    • giumarraant99
      giumarraant99 on 22 Oct 12
       
      Read abstract.. why hydrogen and fuel cells
  • giumarraant99 on 22 Oct 12
     
    CO2 pollution use (sticky note)
sconzomic99

Global Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions - 1 views

cdiac.ornl.gov/...tre_glob.html

co2

shared by sconzomic99 on 15 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Since 1751 approximately 337 billion tons of carbon have been released to the atmosphere from the consumption of fossil fuels and cement production
  • Half of these emissions have occurred since the mid 1970s
chakrabortyshi00

Tidal Power: Nature's renewable hydro electric engine: Additional info - 2 views

www.bionomicfuel.com/wer-new-source-of-hydro-energy

sustainable wave

shared by chakrabortyshi00 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Tidal power energy is still being studied and developed, but in the future it could be a major renewable hydropower energy source.
  • England, for example, could supply over 10 percent of its electricity in this way.
  • . Wind and solar energy generators convert much less.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • They can convert about 80 percent of the energy into electricity
  • Another disadvantage is that the start-up costs involved are very high and a lot of time is required for the construction projects, which can cost millions of dollars and take up to 10 years to build
  • chakrabortyshi00 on 26 Sep 13
     
    Tidal hydropower energy has various advantages. The first of these is reliability and consistency. Other alternative energy sources like wind and solar can have varying amounts of energy generated depending on the weather conditions. Tidal power energy can generate electricity by the clock and indefinitely. This means that shortages can be easily avoided. In addition, tidal turbines are efficient when it comes to generating energy. They can convert about 80 percent of the energy into electricity. Wind and solar energy generators convert much less. Of course, another great benefit of tidal power renewable energy is that it is environmentally friendly. There are no CO2 emissions that are damaging to the atmosphere or Sulfur Dioxide emissions responsible for acid rain.
cheniermab99

Wind Turbines for Electricity - 1 views

zfacts.com/244

wind co2 cost

shared by cheniermab99 on 12 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • In 2006, wind power supplied 0.6% of US electricity but reduced CO2 emission from electricity production by a full 1%.
  • What really matters is the cost to society. With current subsidy methods, it costs around 3¢/kWh
  •   One-Time Cost per kW Capacity (usage) Factor Fixed Cost per kWh Variable Cost per kWh Total Cost per kWh Gas Turbine $439 15% 5.2¢ 8.7¢ 13.9¢ Coal $1,338 90% 2.7¢ 1.9¢ 4.5¢ Nuclear $2,180 90% 4.3¢ 0.3¢ 4.6¢ Wind $1,254* 30% 7.5¢ 0.0¢ 7.5¢
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  • as coal is the worst source of CO2. Thirty years from now, wind power might be cutting global GHG emissions by 10%.
dpurdy

How Does CO2 Cause Global Warming? | eHow.com - 0 views

www.ehow.com/1_co-cause-global-warming.html

global warming co2 fossil fuels pollution

shared by dpurdy on 23 Mar 13 - No Cached
  • Carbon dioxide contributes to global warming by absorbing heat energy from the earth, trapping it and preventing its release into space.
tuckeremi99

Is Current Wind Growth Sustainable? | Renewable Energy World Magazine Article - 0 views

www.renewableenergyworld.com/...the-big-question1

wind sustainable

shared by tuckeremi99 on 22 Oct 12 - No Cached
  • wind farms are not only capital intensive but also have a long gestation period – could prove to be prohibitive for many potential investors.
  • terms of global policy, governments need to boost investments in onshore and offshore wind generation through the right mix of supportive policies and incentives.
  • wind energy will become even more attractive as it serves as an insurance against future increases in fuel and carbon prices, while reducing our dependency on fossil fuels imported from volatile regions.
  • ...17 more annotations...
  • Both in Europe and in the US, some 40% of all new power generating capacity installed in the past two years was wind energy. If the economic crisis continues, however, the reduction in power demand will start to impact wind energy, simply because of lower demand for new power plants. Nevertheless, the medium and long-term outlook remains very healthy, as political momentum is building towards a low carbon economy, without which humankind will not overcome three of the biggest concerns of our time – climate protection, energy security and the provision of jobs.
  • Wind power’s credentials as a rapidly deployable clean technology have put it at the forefront in the fight against climate change. Neither new nuclear capacity or carbon capture and storage (CCS) will contribute to CO2 reductions within the timeframe that the climate scientists give us. As a no-fuel, no-carbon emissions source of electricity, wind energy will play a big part in reducing carbon emissions before 2020.
  • A key element for policy makers is to dramatically improve competition in power markets, to ensure that investors, rather than consumers, are exposed to
  • The growth in wind power capacity has shown no signs of slowing, even in these tough economic times. For two years running there has been more new wind power capacity installed than any other power generating technology in Europe – including coal, gas and nuclear. In 2009 the European market for wind turbines experienced a 23% growth rate, the same as the average growth rate over the last 15 years.
  • future carbon and fuel price risk.
  • Wind power is a leader now, and will remain so in the future, attracting big investments and creating jobs. There is a boom waiting to happen in offshore wind energy. But, Europe’s ageing electricity grids must be upgraded and extended, and the EU must also pursue a drive to build an offshore grid in the North and Baltic seas that will connect offshore wind farms to the shore, piping vast amounts of CO2-free energy to consumers at affordable prices.
  • cleaner energy
  • he fact that wind is the most cost effective and scalable renewable source of energy.
  • past several years.
  • dynamic growth rate of the
  • Because of the small size of the existing installed base, the offshore wind sector will see higher growth percentages while the number of onshore turbines will continue to outpace those installed offshore.
  • Continued investment in grid infrastructure is critical for growth as well as wind turbine technology investments that improve efficiency and reliability while driving down emissions. Countries with the most efficient and flexible permitting processes will benefit by realizing the installation of the most advanced technology.
  • but renewable sources, and in large part, wind energy, have an extremely important role to play.
  • A fundamental value of wind is that it lowers risk in the overall generation mix by bringing in a fixed electricity cost. You don’t have any fuel risk, so you don’t have these big price spikes that you see when you generate electricity from gas or oil.
  • The wind power market is still intact. Demand for ‘green’ power stations remains unabated and nearly all governments have adopted policies aimed at environmental sustainability.
  • As our industry is still very young, wind power currently contributes only around 1.5% to global electricity supplies.
  • this merely serves to highlight the enormous potential for the future, especially as wind power is not only clean but also inexpensive. This is something that more and more governments and energy companies are realizing.
  • tuckeremi99 on 22 Oct 12
     
    "The growth in wind power capacity has shown no signs of slowing, even in these tough economic times. For two years running there has been more new wind power capacity installed than any other power generating technology in Europe - including coal, gas and nuclear. In 2009 the European market for wind turbines experienced a 23% growth rate, the same as the average growth rate over the last 15 years."Both in Europe and in the US, some 40% of all new power generating capacity installed in the past two years was wind energy. If the economic crisis continues, however, the reduction in power demand will start to impact wind energy, simply because of lower demand for new power plants. Nevertheless, the medium and long-term outlook remains very healthy, as political momentum is building towards a low carbon economy, without which humankind will not overcome three of the biggest concerns of our time - climate protection, energy security and the provision of jobs." "Wind power is a leader now, and will remain so in the future, attracting big investments and creating jobs. There is a boom waiting to happen in offshore wind energy. But, Europe's ageing electricity grids must be upgraded and extended, and the EU must also pursue a drive to build an offshore grid in the North and Baltic seas that will connect offshore wind farms to the shore, piping vast amounts of CO2-free energy to consumers at affordable prices."
dpurdy

http://ec.europa.eu/research/energy/pdf/hlg_vision_report_en.pdf - 1 views

ec.europa.eu/...hlg_vision_report_en.pdf

hydrogen uses future co2

shared by dpurdy on 26 Oct 12 - No Cached
    • slentzkel99
      slentzkel99 on 26 Oct 12
       
      Report on hydrogen economy potential 
  • dpurdy on 26 Oct 12
     
    Challenges Producing hydrogen in the large quantities necessary for the transport and stationary power markets could become a barrier to progress beyond the initial demonstration phase.  Uses: Fuel cells will be used in a wide range of products, ranging from very small fuel cells in portable devices such as mobile phones and laptops, through mobile applications like cars, delivery vehicles, buses and ships, to heat and power generators in stationary applications in the domestic and industrial sector. Future energy systems will also include improved conventional energy converters running on hydrogen (e.g. internal combustion engines, Stirling engines, and turbines) as well as other energy carriers (e.g. direct heat and electricity from renewable energy, and bio-fuels for transport). 
buttlingzac97

About Wind Energy: Benefits of Wind - 3 views

www.pawindenergynow.org/...benefits.html

wind energy benefits

shared by buttlingzac97 on 15 Mar 12 - Cached
  • Wind energy releases no pollution into the air or water, and does not contribute to global warming
  • "on average, each MWh of electricity generated in the U.S. results in the emission of 1,341 pounds of carbon dioxide (CO2)
  • his avoided CO2 equals over 1.8 million tons of carbon, enough to fill 180 trains, each 100 cars long, with each car holding 100 tons of carbon every year."
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • iversifies the national energy portfolio and reduces America's reliance on imported fuels
dpurdy

The Future of Biofuels: A Global Perspective - Amber Waves-November 2007 - 2 views

www.ers.usda.gov/...Biofuels.htm

biofuels Biomass

shared by dpurdy on 19 Mar 12 - Cached
  • Increased biofuel demand has contributed to higher world food and feed prices.
  • Global biofuel production has tripled from 4.8 billion gallons in 2000 to about 16.0 billion in 2007, but still accounts for less than 3 percent of the global transportation fuel supply.
  • Cellulosic ethanol could raise per acre ethanol yields to more than 1,000 gallons, significantly reducing land requirements. Cellulosic ethanol is made by breaking down the tough cellular material that gives plants rigidity and structure and converting the resulting sugar into ethanol. Cellulose is the world’s most widely available biological material, present in such low-value materials as wood chips and wood waste, fast-growing grasses, crop residues like corn stover, and municipal waste.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • A key interest in developing or expanding biofuel production and use is the environmental benefits, including the potential to reduce emissions, such as greenhouse gases (GHG). An estimated 25 percent of manmade global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, a leading GHG, comes from road transport.
  • Biofuels are theoretically carbon neutral, releasing CO2 recently absorbed from the atmosphere by the crops used to produce them.
  • dpurdy on 19 Mar 12
     
    Future costs and issue with biofuels.
dpurdy

What is wave energy? | Pelamis Wave Power - 4 views

www.pelamiswave.com/...what-is-wave-energy

wave what pollution sustainable co2 form

shared by dpurdy on 03 Nov 11 - No Cached
  • What is wave energy? Waves are generated by the passage of wind across the surface of the sea.  Energy is transferred from the wind to the waves.  Waves travel vast distances across the ocean and at great speed and the energy is concentrated near the water surface.  The energy within a wave is proportional to the square of the wave height.  Therefore a two-meter high wave has four times the power of a one-meter high wave. The longer and stronger the wind blows over the surface of the sea, the higher, longer, faster and more powerful the sea is.
  • Although wave energy is a form of concentrated wind energy, as it has often travelled over large distances it is regularly out of phase with the local wind conditions.  Wave energy can therefore help to balance output variability from other renewable sources and maximise the efficient use of the electricity networks.   Wave energy is also more predictable than many other forms of renewable energy, such as wind or solar, and can be forecast accurately up to five days in advance.
  • Wave energy is clean and renewable!  It is one of the last renewable energy forms which mankind has yet to harness, and its potential is huge.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • Wave energy could play a major part in the world’s efforts to combat climate change, potentially displacing 1 – 2 billion tonnes of CO2 per annum from conventional fossil fuel generating sources.
sokolkyl00

Myths And Facts About Solar Energy | Research | Media Matters for America - 0 views

mediamatters.org/...192364

solar co2

shared by sokolkyl00 on 23 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • solar energy exhibits the "fastest growth," providing "more than 10% of global electricity by 2050." The IEA further found that in high renewable scenarios, solar is essential due to its "almost unlimited potential":
  • At the American Enterprise Institute's blog, Kenneth Green promoted a press release claiming that "Solar cells do not offset greenhouse gases" because solar cell production emits gases that "make carbon dioxide (CO2) seem harmless."
dpurdy

Facts About Fossil Fuel Pollution - 0 views

www.mistergreensolarpower.com/...fects-of-fossil-fuel-pollution

pollution fossil fuels

shared by dpurdy on 22 Sep 13 - No Cached
  • pollution spewing from a typical coal plant
  • 3,700,000 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), the primary human cause of global warming--as much CO2 as cutting down 161 million trees.
  • sulphur dioxide (SO2), which causes acid rain
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • small airborne particles
  • which cause chronic bronchitis
  • • 170 pounds of mercury
  • leads to the formation of ozone (smog)
  • carbon monoxide (CO), which cause headaches
  • nitrogen oxide (NOx)
  • 225 pounds of arsenic, which will cause cancer
  • 114 pounds of lead
sokolkyl00

Tree Math: Solar Panels vs. Trees, What's the Carbon Trade-off? | The Energy Miser - 0 views

newenglandcleanenergy.com/...ees-whats-the-carbon-trade-off

co2 solar

shared by sokolkyl00 on 03 Oct 13 - No Cached
  • A 5,000-watt solar electric array on a roof that is 80% of an ideal site in terms of output, will generate about 4,800 kWh per year. Therefore, this solar energy will prevent 5,760 pounds of CO2 pollution from going into the atmosphere, every year.
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