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The scale of the experiment matches the scale of the intellectual leap achieved. A huge apparatus, 27 kilometres in circumference, buried 100 metres below the French-Swiss border near Geneva, accelerated particles in a near-perfect vacuum to speeds just below that of light and measured the effect of their collisions. Minute variations in energy released prove the existence of the Higgs boson, which had been postulated in theory by Peter Higgs in 1964 to explain the mass of elementary particles. Wednesday's discovery, published by two separate groups of researchers working in isolation from each other, can be compared with the discovery of DNA, or Einstein's theory of relativity, or the splitting of the atom. Achievements such as those are like peaks in a mountain range. They draw the world's attention, but really it is the great mass of the range itself that holds the peaks up which has more significance. Without the massive bulk below, the peaks would not reach so high. For science that great mass is a huge amount of lead-up work. The standard model of particle physics is the work of many hundreds of researchers, only one of whom was Professor Higgs. That achievement sits within the millions of achievements of the wider research effort of the whole science community. And that is enclosed, too, within the wider community which understands and supports what science has achieved and can achieve. Read more: http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/editorial/science-gets-a-chance-to-show-the-way-20120706-21mf2.html#ixzz21rjUGfs0

The following animations represent molecular-level models of three classifications of pure substance based on the chemical bonding involved - metallic (e.g. solid copper), ionic (e.g. solid sodium chloride), and intermolecular (e.g. liquid water, liquid oxygen). Animations comparing substances in different states, and undergoing changes of state, are also listed so that the differences in intraparticle and and interparticle bonding can be discussed. This topic is known for the student misconceptions and confusion it can cause without careful visualisation. Temperature is correlated with the degree of particle movement.

"http://yt.cl.nr/6kXIo_lcvzE"

A demonstration of Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment. Human beings represent alpha particles, a mattress represents gold foil.

"http://yt.cl.nr/5ovtgA6GbxU"

"http://yt.cl.nr/xAQIvJ_QoIs" From within the depths of matter a tiny speck with an extraordinary structure and glorious equilibrium emerges: the atom. This tiny speck is the building block of everything in the universe, from giant stars to the proteins inside the cell. Everything in the universe, without exception, is made up of atoms.