Physics of the Future

Dailymail.com, which is a website for people to keep up with news without having to watch it, recently wrote about what the environment may be like in the future. By 2100, the Earth's temperature could increase by four degrees celsius, putting our world into a global warming crisis. Carbon Dioxide is hurting our planet more than expected, causing our ozone to keep the heat from the sun in. The website has been giving information to the public for years now, making it somewhat reliable to us for the sake that they always have a large audience. Dr. Sherwood, a knowledgeble man in meteorology, states,"Rises in global average temperatures of this magnitude will have profound impacts on the world and the economies of many countries if we don't urgently start to curb our emissions."

This website offers various information on TPF, or the Terrestrial Planet Finder. This website is especially useful, for it tells you not only how the machine works but why it still is not currently in space. You will learn why this machine is so important and how it could truly help humanity in finding other life in space. This website is reliable, for it is an edited newspaper taken from various reliable sources. You can understand how the machine works and how it plans on finding other life by reading this website.

Alan Turing drew much between 1928 and 1933 from the work of the mathematical physicist and populariser A. S. Eddington, from J. von Neumann's account of the foundations of quantum mechanics, and then from Bertrand Russell's mathematical logic. Meanwhile, his lasting fascination with the problems of mind and matter was heightened by emotional elements in his own life (Hodges 1983, p. 63). In 1934 he graduated with an outstanding degree in mathematics from Cambridge University, followed by a successful dissertation in probability theory which won him a Fellowship of King's College, Cambridge, in 1935. This was the background to his learning, also in 1935, of the problem which was to make his name. As far as history goes, Alan Turing was basically the father of AI. He was the one of the first to even work with computers, as he was a computer scientist during WWII. He worked on cracking German codes with advanced (for the time) computers.

In any realistic learning application, the entire instance space will be so large that any learning algorithm can expect to see only a small fraction of it during training. From this small fraction, a hypothesis must be formed that classifies all the unseen instances. If the learning algorithm performs well then most of these unseen instances should be classified correctly. However, if no restric- tions are placed on the hypothesis space and no "preference criterion" 1124] is supplied for comparing competing hypotheses, then all possible classifications of the unseen instances are equally possible and no inductive method can do better on average than random guessing [261. Hence all learning algorithms employ some mechanism whereby the space of hypotheses is restricted or whereby some hypotheses are preferred a priori over others. This is known as inductive bias I hope to use this source to learn more about how artificial intelligence learns, as I have read in other places that the kind that learns from the "bottom up" learns by making mistakes and learning from them. AI, if to be truly intelligent, is probably going to have to learn the way we did; by experience and example. In Kaku's book, he mentions the differences between two artificially intelligent robots that he "met". One, STAIR, had a limited database and was programmed to do what it did. Another, LAGR, piloted itself through a park, bumping into miscellaneous objects and learning their locations so that on the next pass, it would not hit them. I hope to learn more about that kind of logic by reading this article, as I think it is important to have a better understanding of exactly how artificial intelligence learns.

On this website you will find out what New Space really is. This website tells you that New Space is basically the term for the commercialization of space. This website is reliable because of all the information in this website is taken from the Office of Space Commercialization and this website is a government website. You can understand what exactly New Space is and what entrepreneurs hope New Space becomes and evolves into. You will also find how the government is involved in New Space and how humanity as we know it is looking to evolve our space programs for tourism to help boost our economy. This website is an amazing place to get the understanding of what New Space really is.

"Our basic computational element (model neuron) is often called a node or unit. It receives input from some other units, or perhaps from an external source. Each input has an associated weight w, which can be modified so as to model synaptic learning." This is a simple and brief article, but I think that a better understanding of neuroscience and how neurons work will help us to better grasp what research is being done regarding AI. This is an important research category, because if we wish to recreate ourselves on a scale of intelligence, we will need to better analyze our neural relays and systems. Apparently, according to Kaku's book, it is a very complicated endeavor that has been met so far with limited success. Hopefully, we can better understand the basics of neuron structure and function with this article.

"Top-down and bottom-up are both strategies of information processing and knowledge ordering, used in a variety of fields including software, humanistic and scientific theories (see systemics), and management and organization. In practice, they can be seen as a style of thinking and teaching." This article gives information about the two ways to approach artificial intelligence: top-down, which is teaching the robot all of the rules of intelligence from the beginning, and bottom-up, which is making the computer learn like a human instead of teaching it everything. This source is reliable because it cites where it got its information.

This video shows simply what graphene is, how it will be used, and its strengths for multiple industries. The major industry is how graphene will replace the silicon that goes in electronics. This material could help change the future.

"By the mid-2030s, I believe we can send humans to orbit Mars and return them safely to Earth. And a landing on Mars will follow. And I expect to be around to see it," [President Barack Obama] said in April 2010 during an address at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida." When it comes to looking for new potential places to land and establish civilization, moons are often overlooked. While the colonization of Mars is predicted to begin within the next century, humans may be sent to Deimos much sooner. Deimos is one of the two moons of Mars, and it is predicted to be able to sustain life. I think that even though overpopulation is not the greatest problem that humanity faces right now, finding a place to live outside of our home planet may be a worthwhile endeavor.

"The "ink" in the bioprinting process employed by Organovo is composed of spheres packed with tens of thousands of human cells. These spheres are assembled or "printed" on sheets of organic biopaper." This is a very interesting video on how organ printing is accomplished. It describes how the use of bio-ink can enable us to create a functioning structure out of thousands of human cells, and it does this through clear descriptions and footage. It gives you a look inside of a lab where 3D organ printing is being created and introduces you to a scientist who is highly experienced in the field. We know it is reliable because in the description it tells us all about the man who made these predictions, Dr. Gabor Forgacs. This will be highly beneficial during our research by helping us understand how 3D printing works.

This source describes how renewable energy is doing today, and predictions of how it will do in the future. The author speaks in a motivational tone, while siting most of their sources throughout the article. It also mentions the actual finances behind renewable energy, which is a large concern for many people. This source describes a large amount of how renewable energy is perceived, and is a great source.

This is a video on an experiment done years ago and recreated now. You might be wondering how this can relate to what we are doing, but that is where the experiment comes in. James Burke is a man who works at BBC. In 1973, Mr. Burke was asked to predict the future. He did this, and some of his predictions came true. Recently, they asked him to do it again, but predict what life will be like in 2100. James Burke's predictions for 2100 are very interesting and eye-opening. This is reliable because he has done it before and those predictions were true. This video shows as "He paints a world 80 to 100 years from now".

"When discussing the possibility of interstellar travel, there is something called "the giggle factor." Some scientists tend to scoff at the idea of interstellar travel because of the enormous distances that separate the stars." This site goes into great detail about the amount of energy and the level of technology required for interstellar space travel. Michio Kaku describes that many scientists believe that interstellar space travel would be impractical and impossible, considering the massive distance between stars. For instance, traveling at light speed would take you roughly 100,000 years to reach the edge of the Milky Way galaxy. This is a reliable source, considering it was written by Michio Kaku himself.

Robots could change the economy in a big way in the future, and this article explains how this kind of scenario could play out.

This website specifically describes the currently known ideas about how we could produce an Interstellar Spaceship. This website is reliable because of the fact that all of the information given in this website was taken from a conference held by DARPA or the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. This website gives the different ideas currently being thought of and furthermore, gives a brief explanation of each one. This website is wonderful to give someone the knowledge of what current ideas to produce a working Interstellar Spaceship are out there.

This is a video of what a replicator is and how it works. In the far future, we can expect to have something resembling this, but much larger, in our homes and offices. The only difference is that the replicator of the future will make the items that it creates fully functional and ready to use.

"The Next Giant Leap For Mankind." This is the website for the 'Mars One' mission. The entire site describes what Mars One is, which makes a very good example of the commercialization of space. Mars One's goal is to not only create a permanent settlement on Mars, but create some kind of reality show on the red planet. Thousands of people have already signed up for this one way trip to another planet, even knowing that they will never come back. This site is reliable because it is run by the Mars One company.

This source includes many aspects of what our world may look like in the future. It also includes its sources so that we know it is reliable. From environment to new technology, there is a wide variety of information on this website. This site includes multimedia to make understanding of the material more broad for the reader. It appears to be a great resource.

Overview of organ printing and what is expected in the future

"Approximately 18 people die every day waiting for an organ transplant. But that may change someday sooner than you think -- thanks to 3D printing." This website explains how a 3D printer would work and what progress is currently being made with them. It is predicted that we will be able to print a functioning liver by next year! This will be a reliable resource because it can help us understand how 3D printing will work and who will be affected by it. Not only does it talk about who would use the organs, but also how the companies that produced them would be affected. We know this is a reliable website because the author is cited, along with the references he used to get his information.

This website is a basic prediction of what the world will be like in 2100. The predictions are very in-depth of what the population will live like, and how their lives will be sustained. Most of the world will be living in cities or urban areas. Also, there will be a small number of frequently used languages. These predictions and others are very reliable and seem very accurate. The website is the Business Insider, talking about economics and how humanity can and will affect it. This website is reliable because many powerful business leaders look to it for advice. It is a great source to use to see what a day in life will be like for a human in 2100. "Will we be doomed by 2100, or can we make it work? Since we've only got one planet (so far), let's hope for the latter."