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mira ahmad

Why teens are prone to drug addiction - The Times of India - 2 views

timesofindia.indiatimes.com/...7372717.cms

Psychology

shared by mira ahmad on 01 Feb 11 - No Cached
  • why adolescents are more vulnerable to drug addiction, behavioural disorders, and other psychological ills.
  • adolescent brains react to rewards with far greater excitement than adult brains.
  • a greater degree of disorganization in adolescent brains.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • At the time of reward, nearly one-third of adolescent neurons became excited (shown in red) though the level of inhibition (in blue) changed marginally. Adult neurons registered much higher inhibitory activity and less excitation.
  • The extreme difference in brain activity provides a possible physiological explanation as to why teenagers are more prone than adults to rash behaviour, addiction, and mental diseases
  • The type of erratic activity in the cortex that she and Sturman observed could aggravate these conditions at a time when the maturing brain is vulnerable.
  • "This could intensify the effect of reward on decision making and answer several questions regarding adolescent behaviour,
Daryl Bambic

The Psychology and Philosophy of Wonder | Outre monde - 1 views

outre-monde.com/...ology-and-philosophy-of-wonder

wonder philosophy

shared by Daryl Bambic on 02 Dec 14 - No Cached
  • By drawing us out of ourselves, wonder does make us feel small and insignificant, but it also gives us right perspective by reconnecting us with something much greater and vaster and higher and better than our daily struggles. Wonder is the ultimate homecoming, returning us to the world that we came from and were in danger of losing.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 05 Feb 15
       
      Does this sound like the world of Forms?
  • Socratic wonder is not so much wonder in the sense of awe, but, as hinted by Aristotle, wonder in the sense of puzzlement or perplexity: wonder that arises from contradictions in thought and language, and gives rise to a desire to resolve or at least understand these contradictions.
  • Socrates himself only turned to philosophy after being puzzled by the Delphic Oracle, which, though he believed himself to be ignorant, pronounced him to be the wisest of all men.
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  • “I am likely to be wiser than he to this small extent, that I do not think I know what I do not know.”
  • Wonder is a universal experience, found also in children and perhaps even in higher-order primates and other animals
  • of wonder share a concern for what is in some sense beyond us, or beyond our grasp.
  • and the end of wonder is wisdom, which is the state of perpetual wonder.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 05 Feb 15
       
      The most lovely definition of wisdom I have seen: a perpetual state of wonder.
Daryl Bambic

The Republic, by Plato - 0 views

www.gutenberg.org/...1497-h.htm

Plato Republic

shared by Daryl Bambic on 06 Feb 12 - Cached
  • He was the greatest metaphysical genius whom the world has seen; and in him, more than in any other ancient thinker, the germs of future knowledge are contained. The sciences of logic and psychology, which have supplied so many instruments of thought to after-ages, are based upon the analyses of Socrates and Plato
  • The principles of definition, the law of contradiction, the fallacy of arguing in a circle, the distinction between the essence and accidents of a thing or notion, between means and ends, between causes and conditions; also the division of the mind into the rational, concupiscent, and irascible elements, or of pleasures and desires into necessary and unnecessary—these and other great forms of thought are all of them to be found in the Republic, and were probably first invented by Plato.
  • The argument of the Republic is the search after Justice
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  • The first care of the rulers is to be education
  • conception of a higher State, in which 'no man calls anything his own
  • 'marrying nor giving in marriage,
  • 'kings are philosophers' and 'philosophers are kings;
  • Daryl Bambic on 06 Feb 12
     
    The e-version of Plato's Republic. 
Ali Goldman

Torture and Madness at Guantánamo Bay - 0 views

www.globalresearch.ca/index.php

shared by Ali Goldman on 03 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • Ali Goldman on 03 Nov 10
     
    Salim Ahmed Hamdan, a Guantanamo Bay prisoner, is incapable of defending himself at his own trial. The reason for this is because he has become insane due to the conditions that he has been living in for six years. He has been living in solitary confinement in a tiny cell for over 22 hours a day. He eats all his meals in the cell and even uses it as a washroom. He has become suicidal, he talks to himself, he hears voices, and he has flashbacks. His laywers have asked for the trial to be postponed and that his living conditions change. The way he is living is psychological torture.
Kayla Korman

euthanasia - 0 views

members.tripod.com/...eu.html

shared by Kayla Korman on 24 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • By denying them their right to euthanasia, the government satisfies its own moral standards but ignores the outcome of its action. Some patients cannot bear the excruciating agony that accompanies terminal illness and when they cannot obtain physician-assisted suicide, try to kill themselves even though they may not be in a condition to do so. They may also beg for the help of loved ones not trained in medicine in their suicide. As a result, the suicide may often be messy, painful and sometimes unsuccessful. It is unfair on the family and friends of the patients to have to go through such a nightmare when all they want is to free their loved ones of pain and torment.
  • In addition, doctors are afraid to openly discuss end-of-life decisions with patients due to illegalities. This prevents an open and honest relationship between doctor and patient in which the doctor can discover the patient's wishes regarding his/her own life and death.
  • Currently there are cases of misuse of euthanasia, for example in cases where the patient is pressured by family members to give consent to the ending of their lives. The legalization of voluntary euthanasia provides an opportunity for safeguards against just such a situation, and other instances of coercion and fraud. The legalizing of voluntary euthanasia would provide a set of guidelines and regulations for the parties involved to follow, such as psychological counseling and psychiatric evaluation
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  • right of every human being to make decisions regarding his own body and have these decisions respected.
  • right of every human being to make decisions regarding his own body and have these decisions respected.
  • Kayla Korman on 24 Nov 10
     
    this site gives really good example and situations where Euthanasia would be very positive
Daryl Bambic

Russell, Bertrand: Ethics [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] - 0 views

www.iep.utm.edu/russ-eth

russell ethics

shared by Daryl Bambic on 02 Apr 14 - No Cached
  • Russell’s view is that the good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge
  • neither love without knowledge
  • knowledge without love
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  • but love is in a sense more fundamental, since it will lead intelligent people to seek knowledge in order to find out how to benefit those whom they love.
  • “scientific knowledge and knowledge of particular facts.”
  • All moral rules must be tested by examining whether they tend to realize ends that we desire.”(374)
  • In his youth, Russell took the utilitarian view that the “happiness of mankind should be the aim of all actions”
  • dignity of which human existence is capable is not attainable by “devotion to the mechanism of life”, and that unless the contemplation of “eternal things” is preserved, humankind will become “no better than well-fed pigs.”
  • He believed that (1) “good” is the most fundamental ethical concept and (2) that “good” is indefinable
  • a priori certain propositions about the kind of things that are good on their own account.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 02 Apr 14
       
      A priori meaning without empirical evidence, from reason and logic.
  • Russell, on the other hand, gives no such list of things which are good in themselves,
  • regard consequences or results as of vital importance for judging an action as right or wrong. In other words both are teleologists or consequentialists, like the utilitarians.
  • mpact of the First World War, which Russell passionately opposed
  • of human passions similar to that of psychoanalysts. Russell started believing that fundamental facts “in all ethical questions are feelings”, (Russell 1917, 19) and that impulse has more effect in moulding human lives than conscious purpose.
  • d we ought to act so as to maximize the balance of happiness over unhappiness in the world, and says: “I should not myself regard happiness as an adequate definition of the good, but I should agree that conduct ought to be judged by its consequences.”
  • According to him, once “good” is defined, the rest of ethics follows:
  • According to Russell, when we assert that this or that has value, we are giving expression to our emotions, not to a fact which would still be true if our personal feelings were different.
  • he first of these sentences, which may be true or false, does not, says Russell, belong to ethics but to psychology or biography
  • he second sentence which does belong to ethics, expresses a desire for something, but asserts nothing; and since it asserts nothing it is logically impossible that there should be evidence for or against it, or for it to possess either truth or falsehood.
  • Russell adopts as his guiding principle David Hume’s maxim that “Reason is, and ought, only to be the slave of the passions.
  • esires, emotions or passions
  • nly possible causes of action. Reason is not a cause of action but only a regulator.
  • The world that I should wish to see,” says Russell, ‘is one where emotions are strong but not destructive, and where, because they are acknowledged, they lead to no deception either of oneself or of others. Such a world would include love and friendship and the pursuit of art and knowledge.” (11)
  • esires are not “irrational” just because we cannot give any reason for them.
  • wondering once again whether there is such a thing as ethical knowledge.
  • since it must involve appeal to the majority,
Daryl Bambic

The Shrinking World of Ideas - The Chronicle Review - The Chronicle of Higher Education - 0 views

chronicle.com/...150141

ideas neuroscience

shared by Daryl Bambic on 25 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • To put it in the most basic terms: Our preferences, behaviors, tropes, and thoughts—the very stuff of consciousness—are byproducts of the brain’s activity. And once we map the electrochemical impulses that shoot between our neurons, we should be able to understand—well, everything. So every discipline becomes implicitly a neurodiscipline, including ethics, aesthetics, musicology, theology, literature, whatever.
  • If all behavior has an electrochemical component, then in what sense—psychological, legal, moral—is a person responsible for his actions?
  • neuroscience has put a new spin on free will and culpability:
  • ...8 more annotations...
  • all behavior is mechanical,
  • back to forces beyond the agent’s control."
  • British philosopher Roger Scruton
  • xception to the notion that neuroscience can explain us to ourselve
  • Sally Satel and Scott O. Lilienfeld’s Brainwashed: The Seductive Appeal of Mindless Neuroscience
  • The same questions that always intrigued us—What is justice? What is the good life? What is morally valid? What is free will?
  • neurohumanities
  • Now that psychoanalytic, Marxist, and literary theory have fallen from grace, neuroscience and evolutionary biology can step up
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 25 Nov 14
       
      This is the heart of it.
Daryl Bambic

What Psychological and Social Factors Contribute to the Development of Wisdom? - Wisdom... - 0 views

wisdomresearch.org/...1445.aspx

wisdom research

shared by Daryl Bambic on 19 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Given that meditation is a mental activity one could imagine that the practice of meditation relates to wisdom
  • dance experience
  • affect judgment or decision making
  • ...22 more annotations...
  • age is not related to wisdom,
  • ncreased experience in meditation is related to increased cognitive, affective, and reflective wisdom
  • increased ballet experience is related to increased cognitive, affective, and reflective wisdom
  • self regulation and self control, which are important in maintaining such practices over long periods of time may be important for the development of wisdom
  • grit,
  • Daniel Kahneman
  • decision biases
  • istort some aspects of rational economic decision-making.
  • endowment effect,
  • hinking in a second language reduces economic biases
  • increase creativity
  • insight in problem solving.
  • antecedents of wisdom.
  • emotional distance fr
  • What needs to be true about a person in order to develop wisdom or to take advantage of experiences that can lead to the development of wisdom?
  • Wisdom seems to depend on epistemic humility.
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 19 Nov 14
       
      Epistemic humility - a great descriptor for Socrates.  To be humble about what one knows or does not know.  Socrates famously said that he knew only that he knew little or nothing.
  • importance of humility in terms of recognizing how much there is to know and to learn about people.
  • wisdom depends in part on understanding that the values and perspectives of other people are important in solving human problems -- we all must be open to learning more.
  • other virtues may serve as guidance in the use and development of wisdom.
  • willingness to engage in intellectual struggle,
  • Wisdom may also depend on a propensity to engage in divergent thinking, creativity, and the insight that comes from a diversity of experiences, and from forming new concepts and associations among concepts.
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