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Middle and high school students need an opportunity to construct evidence-based explanations for how variation and natural selection can lead to adaptation of populations over time (NGSS MS-LS4-4 and HS-LS4-4). However, managing a population of classroom-friendly living organisms that consistently grow, develop, and thrive while students observe variation among individuals can be a real challenge.

I learned that gene expression is the process by which the information of genes is used to direct the function of cells. Gene expression is regulated in all cells because not all genes are needed all the time or under all circumstances. For example, brain cells need to express certain genes that are not needed in muscle cells, and muscle cells need to express certain genes that are not needed in brain cells. Likewise, bacteria need to express different genes depending on the availability of food and other aspects of their surroundings.

genotype/phenotype study using plants