PDS Model UN Research

Europe may be reassessing its commitment to nuclear power in the wake of the catastrophe at Japan's Fukashima Daiichi power station, but Russia and most of the countries of emerging Europe have reasserted their commitment to using more nuclear energy

Most of western Europe's leaders find themselves in a similar position, but Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin was quick to affirm that his country will continue to build new power stations. However, following Merkel's decision, he also ordered a comprehensive safety review of Russians nuclear assets

The Russian energy strategy of 2003 set a policy priority for reduction in natural gas based power supply, aiming to achieve this through a doubling of nuclear power generation by 2020. In 2006 the Federal Atomic Energy Agency (Rosatom) announced targets for future nuclear power generation; providing 23% of electricity needs by 2020 and 25% by 2030.[1]

Russia has made plans to increase the number of reactors in operation from 31 to 59. Old reactors will be maintained and upgraded, including RBMK units similar to the reactors at Chernobyl. China and Russia agreed on further cooperation in the construction of nuclear power stations in October 2005.

The Russian government plans to allocate 127 billion rubles ($5.42 billion) to a federal program dedicated to the next generation of nuclear energy technology. About 1 trillion rubles ($42.7 billion) is to be allocated from the federal budget to nuclear power and industry development before 2015.[1]

The accident raised concerns about the safety of the Soviet nuclear power industry, as well as nuclear power in general

ussian rescue teams were involved in clearing the debris after the earthquake. They are returning home now. We have increased supplies of fuel and have delivered humanitarian supplies. Many ordinary Russians are ready to help the Japanese people: they are collecting humanitarian aid and have offered to host the individuals who have lost their homes. I think that is a normal human response.

Additional requirements should probably be introduced, as well as restrictions for the construction of nuclear power plants in high-risk seismic zones.

It is probably more expedient to build new nuclear power plants, with cutting edge safety mechanisms, than to extend the lifetime of old ones.

Russia's nuclear plants, with 31 operating reactors totalling 21,743 MWe, comprise: 4 first generation VVER-440/230 or similar pressurised water reactors, 2 second generation VVER-440/213 pressurised water reactors, 9 third generation VVER-1000 pressurised water reactors with a full containment structure, mostly V-320 types, 11 RBMK light water graphite reactors now unique to Russia. The four oldest of these were commissioned in the 1970s at Kursk and Leningrad and are of some concern to the Western world. A further Kursk unit is under construction. 4 small graphite-moderated BWR reactors in eastern Siberia, constructed in the 1970s for cogeneration (EGP-6 models on linked map). One BN-600 fast-breeder reactor.

Generally, Russian reactors are licensed for 30 years from first power. Late in 2000, plans were announced for lifetime extensions of twelve first-generation reactors* totalling 5.7 GWe, and the extension period envisaged is now 15 to 25 years, necessitating major investment in refurbishing them. Generally the VVER-440 and RBMK units will get 15-year life extensions and the nine VVER-1000 units 25 years.  To 2010, 15-year extensions had been achieved for Novovoronezh-3 & 4, Kursk-1 & 2, Kola-1 & 2 and Leningrad-1-3.  Bilibino 1-4 have also been given 15-year licence extensions.  (Kola 1 & 2 VVER-440 and the Kursk and Leningrad RBMK units are all models which the EU has paid to shut down early in countries outside Russia.)

n 2010, life extensions were announced for Leningrad 4, Smolensk 1, Kola 3 and Beloyarsk 3 (all 15 years), and Novovoronezh 5 (25 years).  Leningrad 4 is undergoing an RUR 17 billion refurbishment, including replacement of generator stator.

Russian authorities' recent closure of two tent camps for displaced people in Chechnya.

found one of the camps dismantled and the other almost empty, with just a few tents remaining

assurances from Moscow that Chechens living in neighbouring Ingushetia would not be forced back to their volatile Northern Caucasus homeland. Insisting that returns must be voluntary, the refugee agency specified that those who do not wish to return must have options to allow them to remain in safety. Measures include winterisation of accommodation, ongoing safe haven in Ingushetia, regularisation of their status where they are currently residing and, where opportunities arise, medium-term integration.

60.2% of men and 21.7% of women smoke in Russia. A total of 43.9 million adults smoke in Russia, which adds up to almost 40% of the population. This is the highest percentage of smokers in any of the 14 countries where the survey was carried out.

As a result, 400,000 Russians die every year from smoking-related health problems.

Russia ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) on 24.04.2008, passing federal law № 51-FZ “On the accession of the Russian Federation to the WHO Convention on Tobacco Control”, thereby becoming the 157th country in the world to take on the responsibility of adhering to this convention.

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