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Vienna Lunking

The effect of drug trafficking on the development of Brazil - UPIU.com - 1 views

  • However, it is understood that many of the youth that are getting involved in drug trafficking are not staying in school
  • If the government can invest in schools and educate youth so they are equipped to even initiate social reform, then perhaps it could be not only another problem, but also a potential solution.
  • he reasons for the traffickers to desire Brazil as its transit country choice are quite clear: Brazil is so big, it is easy to elude pursuers, it has markets to the entire world, and it has consumers.
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  • Becoming a big player in 1980s, Brazil is only in knee-deep at most
  • The UNODC tags Brazil to be particularly vulnerable to trafficking due to its proximity to the main drug-producing countries in Latin America.
  • Brazil is now considered to be a gateway to world markets of illicit drugs produced in the Andean region.
  • It is mainly a transit country for cocaine headed for EU or the US.
  • t is significant that eighty percent of drugs produced and processed in Bolivia are destined for Brazil
  • One thing to consider is how affective an international criminal court of the future would be as the next step in international effort towards drug trafficking reduction.
  • The lack of an authoritative and respected position is seriously harming the social dynamic of Brazil.
  • The police force is seen as weak, underpaid, insufficient, and corrupt.
  • The lack of manpower coupled with the corruption of the police force empowers the gangs as well as upsetting the citizens.
  • In Brazil, some feel that the government needs to invest more in the police force. Right now they are not getting paid enough to care and are mostly all bought off by drug lords to keep quiet.
  • The UNODC backs up this opinion strongly and goes on to explain that because the police officers are not paid sufficiently they have no choice but to live in high-risk areas, some in which a police officer is killed every 17 hours.
  • 1.Government needs to not only invest more social expenditure, but also take the steps to ensure the effectiveness of those investments. 2. Equalize Distribution of Wealth. 3.Reduce social inequalities and prejudices.
  • It may be that when the Brazilian government and society can offer the impoverished a better option, the drug trade, or at least the power of the drug lords may diminish.
  • The two main components of the drug problem are consumption and export, or traffic
  • Brazil is the center for illicit drug transport and export, it is still considered as a nation of only medium consumption
  • World listings of consumption of both cocaine and cannabis show Brazil to be 55th and 114th for the drug use percentage for populous, respectively
Miah Murphy

The World Food Crisis: Sources and Solutions - 1 views

  • An acute food crisis has struck the world in 2008. This is on top of a longer-term crisis of agriculture and food that has already left billions hungry and malnourished. In order to understand the full, dire implications of what is happening today it is necessary to look at the interaction between these short-term and long-term crises. Both crises arise primarily from the for-profit production of food, fiber, and now biofuels, and the rift between food and people that this inevitably generates.
  • more than 6 billion people living in the world today
  • United Nations estimates that close to 1 billion suffer from chronic hunger
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  • leaves out those suffering from vitamin and nutrient deficiencies and other forms of malnutrition
  • total number of food insecure people who are malnourished or lacking critical nutrients is probably closer to 3 billion—about half of humanity
  • approximately 18,000 children die daily as a direct or indirect consequence of malnutrition
  • over 35 million people lived in food-insecure households, including 13 million children
  • Due to a lack of food adults living in over 12 million households could not eat balanced meals and in over 7 million families someone had smaller portions or skipped meals
  • In close to 5 million families, children did not get enough to eat at some point during the year
  • In poor countries too, it is not unusual for large supplies of wasted and misallocated food to exist in the midst of widespread and persistent hunger
  • No ‘Right to Food’
    • Miah Murphy
       
      Section 1: Right to Food (Question 1)
  • Ending World Hunger
Adhish Khanna

Russia's view on the safety of nuclear power « The Mendeleyev Journal - 0 views

  • ussian rescue teams were involved in clearing the debris after the earthquake. They are returning home now. We have increased supplies of fuel and have delivered humanitarian supplies. Many ordinary Russians are ready to help the Japanese people: they are collecting humanitarian aid and have offered to host the individuals who have lost their homes. I think that is a normal human response.
  • Additional requirements should probably be introduced, as well as restrictions for the construction of nuclear power plants in high-risk seismic zones.
  • It is probably more expedient to build new nuclear power plants, with cutting edge safety mechanisms, than to extend the lifetime of old ones.
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  • The Fukushima disaster makes us think about expanding the mandate of international organisations responsible for nuclear power safety. Moreover, it should have different powers, appropriate to every given situation that would make it possible for each such organisation to address the problems within its scope of responsibility. It is also necessary to observe the principles of openness and absolute transparency.
  • The level of radiation, now and in the future, must be measured automatically and constantly communicated to various information websites, including www.russianatom.ru, a special website dedicated to this issue. In my opinion, this practice should be officially recommended by the IAEA as an international authority for all NPP operators.
  • Most importantly, we must work to increase public confidence in the development of the nuclear industry worldwide. It has great potential. 
  • Many countries have given essential assistance to Japan in the immediate aftermath of devastating earthquakes earlier this month. Russian personnel from the Centre for High-Risk Rescue Operations and the Emergency Situation Ministry’s Far East Regional Centre, along with rescuers from the Central Airborne Rescue Detachment and the Emergency Situations Ministry Department for Aviation and Air Rescue Technology have served in Japan following the crisis.
  • Many countries have given essential assistance to Japan in the immediate aftermath of devastating earthquakes earlier this month. Russian personnel from the Centre for High-Risk Rescue Operations and the Emergency Situation Ministry’s Far East Regional Centre, along with rescuers from the Central Airborne Rescue Detachment and the Emergency Situations Ministry Department for Aviation and Air Rescue Technology have served in Japan following the cri
Adhish Khanna

Nuclear Power in Russia | Russian Nuclear Energy - 0 views

  • Russia's nuclear plants, with 31 operating reactors totalling 21,743 MWe, comprise: 4 first generation VVER-440/230 or similar pressurised water reactors, 2 second generation VVER-440/213 pressurised water reactors, 9 third generation VVER-1000 pressurised water reactors with a full containment structure, mostly V-320 types, 11 RBMK light water graphite reactors now unique to Russia. The four oldest of these were commissioned in the 1970s at Kursk and Leningrad and are of some concern to the Western world. A further Kursk unit is under construction. 4 small graphite-moderated BWR reactors in eastern Siberia, constructed in the 1970s for cogeneration (EGP-6 models on linked map). One BN-600 fast-breeder reactor.
  • Generally, Russian reactors are licensed for 30 years from first power. Late in 2000, plans were announced for lifetime extensions of twelve first-generation reactors* totalling 5.7 GWe, and the extension period envisaged is now 15 to 25 years, necessitating major investment in refurbishing them. Generally the VVER-440 and RBMK units will get 15-year life extensions and the nine VVER-1000 units 25 years.  To 2010, 15-year extensions had been achieved for Novovoronezh-3 & 4, Kursk-1 & 2, Kola-1 & 2 and Leningrad-1-3.  Bilibino 1-4 have also been given 15-year licence extensions.  (Kola 1 & 2 VVER-440 and the Kursk and Leningrad RBMK units are all models which the EU has paid to shut down early in countries outside Russia.)
  • n 2010, life extensions were announced for Leningrad 4, Smolensk 1, Kola 3 and Beloyarsk 3 (all 15 years), and Novovoronezh 5 (25 years).  Leningrad 4 is undergoing an RUR 17 billion refurbishment, including replacement of generator stator.
Miah Murphy

World Food Crisis, Global Food Crisis website - 0 views

  • Systemic causes for the worldwide increases in food prices continue to be the subject of debate.
  • Systemic causes for the worldwide increases in food prices continue to be the subject of debate. Initial causes of the late 2006 price rises included unseasonable droughts in grain producing nations and rising oil prices. Oil prices further heightened the costs of fertilizers, food transport, and industrial agriculture. Other causes of the food crisis may be the increasing use of biofuels in developed countries, and an increasing demand for a more varied diet, meat in particular, across the expanding middle-class populations of Asia. These factors, coupled with falling world food stockpiles have all contributed to the dramatic worldwide rise in food prices. Long-term causes of the food crisis remain a topic of debate. These may include structural changes in trade and agricultural production, agricultural price supports and subsidies in developed nations, diversions of food commodities to high input foods and fuel, commodity market speculation, and climate change.
  • 136%, maize by 125% and soybeans by 107%. In late April 2008, rice prices hit 24
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  • Effects of food for fuel
  • Biofuel subsidies in the US and the EU
  • Agricultural subsidies
  • Uncontrolled world population growth
  • Increased demand for resource intensive food
  • Distorted global rice market
  • Decreased crops from natural disasters
  • Soil and productivity losses
  • Rising levels of ozone
  • Effects of oil price increases
  • Impact of trade liberalization
  • Financial speculation
  • Reduction in world food stockpiles
Miah Murphy

US: Respect Rights of Protesters | Human Rights Watch - 0 views

  • State and local officials in the United States should respect protesters’ rights to free speech and assembly, and prevent and investigate the use of excessive force against them
  • “Even when protesters’ actions warrant police intervention, force should only be used where strictly necessary and then only to the degree necessary.”
  • The United Nations Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials states that “law enforcement officials may use force only when strictly necessary and to the extent required for the performance of their duty.” The UN Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms provide that law enforcement officials “shall, as far as possible, apply non-violent means before resorting to the use of force” and may use force “only if other means remain ineffective.” When the use of force is unavoidable, law enforcement officials should “exercise restraint in such use and act in proportion to the seriousness of the offense.”
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  • “The United States’ tradition of peaceful protest is protected not only in US law but also under international law,”
Miah Murphy

Global Food Crisis (Global Crisis Series) | Planetsave - 0 views

  • There is an ominous global crisis about to transpire from a shortage of food and a decline in the global financial system, and it will have a dire effect on all humanity.
  • What is a Food Crisis? “A food crisis occurs when rates of hunger and malnutrition rise sharply at local, national, or global levels. This definition distinguishes a food crisis from chronic hunger, although food crises are far more likely among populations already suffering from prolonged hunger and malnutrition. A food crisis is usually set off by a shock to either supply or demand for food and often involves a sudden spike in food prices.” Timmer, C. (2010)
  • Climate Change & Food Shortage
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  • The effects of climate change are the leading cause of a food shortage.
  • Global Population Growth & Food Crisis
  • The global population is growing at an alarming rate and providing enough food to combat this problem is becoming challenging. The current rate of food production will not be enough to feed the growing population. Food production will have to be increased according to the growth of the world’s population if we are to avoid a total food crisis.
  • In order to have a sustainable future, more farmland will have to be designated to increase crop production.
  • Plant Disease
  • Plant disease can demolish entire crops and spread to other crops within in a region. Plant diseases are hard to control, since they are usually discovered after they have infected the crops.
  • Shortage of Food.. Who Will It Affect?
  • In the event of a food shortage, the possibility of riots and chaos against governments pose a significant risk.
Rachel Murray

News :: HEALTHY RUSSIA FOUNDATION - 0 views

  • 60.2% of men and 21.7% of women smoke in Russia. A total of 43.9 million adults smoke in Russia, which adds up to almost 40% of the population. This is the highest percentage of smokers in any of the 14 countries where the survey was carried out.
  • As a result, 400,000 Russians die every year from smoking-related health problems.
  • Russia ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) on 24.04.2008, passing federal law № 51-FZ “On the accession of the Russian Federation to the WHO Convention on Tobacco Control”, thereby becoming the 157th country in the world to take on the responsibility of adhering to this convention.
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  • “In setting and implementing their public health policies with respect to tobacco control, Parties shall act to protect these policies from commercial and other vested interests of the tobacco industry in accordance with national law.”
  • restrictions on the manufacture and wholesale and retail sale of tobacco and tobacco products; banning the sale of tobacco products to and by minors (Article 16);
  • Regions will have the right to establish even stricter regulations on the location and conditions of tobacco sales, as well as the right to determine where smoking will be banned.
Rachel Murray

UNHCR - Russian Federation - 0 views

  • Internally Displaced Persons (IDPS) [5] 75,371IDP figure in the Russian Federation includes 22,200 people who are in an IDP-like situation.
  • Returned IDPs [6] 758
  • Russia currently hosts an estimated 5,000 refugees and receives some 2,500 applications for international protection each year.
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  • strengthened its Federal Migration Service.
  • temporary form of protection
  • include people of concern in national social protection schemes, such as health care.
  • IDPs Russian Federation 52,800 52,800 43,400 43,400
  • The health of the population of concern improves or remains stable.
  • Some 1,500 persons are referred for medical services.
  • return in safety and dignity and assisting in sustainable reintegration
  • limited amount of shelter-related assistance.
  • Constraints Lack of access to State-run medical care, social benefits and legal employment for asylum-seekers and refugees remain major impediments to local integration. Xenophobia continues to be a concern, especially in some urban environments. Reception standards for asylum-seekers and refugees are inadequate. UNHCR's ability to fully address statelessness is dependent upon accession by the Government to the Statelessness Conventions.
Adhish Khanna

Nuclear power in Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

  • The Russian energy strategy of 2003 set a policy priority for reduction in natural gas based power supply, aiming to achieve this through a doubling of nuclear power generation by 2020. In 2006 the Federal Atomic Energy Agency (Rosatom) announced targets for future nuclear power generation; providing 23% of electricity needs by 2020 and 25% by 2030.[1]
  • Russia has made plans to increase the number of reactors in operation from 31 to 59. Old reactors will be maintained and upgraded, including RBMK units similar to the reactors at Chernobyl. China and Russia agreed on further cooperation in the construction of nuclear power stations in October 2005.
  • The Russian government plans to allocate 127 billion rubles ($5.42 billion) to a federal program dedicated to the next generation of nuclear energy technology. About 1 trillion rubles ($42.7 billion) is to be allocated from the federal budget to nuclear power and industry development before 2015.[1]
Hannah Nedzbala

Brazil Declares Palestine Independant State - 0 views

  •  statement from the Israeli foreign ministry said: "The government of Israel expresses sadness and disappointment over the decision by the Brazilian president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva a month before he steps down."Recognition of a Palestinian state is a breach of the interim agreement which was signed between Israel and the Palestinian Authority in 1995 which said that the issue of the status of the West Bank and Gaza Strip would be discussed and resolved through negotiations," it said.
  • Israel has expressed disappointment at Brazil's decision to recognise a Palestinian state within the 1967 borders, saying it flew in the face of efforts to negotiate a peace deal.
Mitch Brown

Lender links to shadow banking to cost more | Reuters - 0 views

  • "It can also create opportunities for arbitrage that might undermine stricter bank regulation and lead to a build-up of additional leverage and risks in the overall financial system," the FSB said in a statement."Short-term deposit-like funding of non-bank entities can lead to 'runs' in the market if confidence is lost," the FSB said.
  • The FSB is pursuing a two-pronged approach to regulating the sector -- the banks that support it and the shadow-banking entities themselves.
  •  
    Possible approaches to regulation
Chris Ayers

Model United Nations Conference Database: 2011-12 - 1 views

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    Model UN Conference List - has all the conferences for 2011 and 2012
Chris Ayers

The United Nations: It's Your World - YouTube - 3 views

shared by Chris Ayers on 02 Oct 11 - No Cached
  •  
    Good video we can use to explain to new members of what the United Nations is. and what it's use is. (overall), not as much about the single committees but about it's goal as a whole. 
Katy Field

Olivier De Schutter | United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food - 3 views

shared by Katy Field on 24 Oct 11 - Cached
  • “Farmers must not be disempowered labourers on their own land,” – UN right to food expert [24 October 2011] New York – “For too long farmers have been forced to eke out a living from subsistence agriculture or, once they've fallen in debt, to cede their land and labour to work in exploitative conditions on plantations. Our failure to help small-scale farmers to access markets – and to live decently from farming – is a key cause of hunger,”
    • Katy Field
       
      Note for Lexi
Chris Ayers

NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization - 2 views

  •  
    This is an explanation of NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and it's history. Focus on the Libya area of the conflict, because that is your topic. 
Nick Gregor

http://www.who.int/gho/countries/bra.pdf - 3 views

    • Nick Gregor
       
      Much below average
  •  
    Basic facts and whatnot on Brazil
jenniferchoe

With Over US$ 50 Billion In, Foreign Direct Investment in Brazil Is Already Record for ... - 0 views

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    Between October 17 and 23, with exports of US$ 5.277 billion and imports of US$ 5.581 billion, Brazil had a weekly foreign trade deficit of US$ 304 million, the first weekly deficit since the end of September, when there was a deficit of US$ 584 million.
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