Bowtie is an ultrafast, memory-efficient short read aligner. It aligns short DNA sequences (reads) to the human genome at a rate of 25 million reads per hour on a typical workstation with 2 gigabytes of memory. Bowtie indexes the genome with a Burrows-Wheeler index to keep its memory footprint small: 1.3 GB for the human genome. It supports alignment policies equivalent to Maq and SOAP but is much faster: about 35x faster than Maq and over 350x faster than SOAP when aligning to the human genome.
CloudBurst: Highly Sensitive Short Read Mapping with MapReduce
Michael Schatz
Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland
Next-generation DNA sequencing machines are generating an enormous amount of sequence data, placing unprecedented demands on traditional single-processor read mapping algorithms. CloudBurst is a new parallel read-mapping algorithm optimized for mapping next-generation sequence data to the human genome and other reference genomes, for use in a variety of biological analyses including SNP discovery, genotyping, and personal genomics. It is modeled after the short read mapping program RMAP, and reports either all alignments or the unambiguous best alignment for each read with any number of mismatches or differences. This level of sensitivity could be prohibitively time consuming, but CloudBurst uses the open-source Hadoop implementation of MapReduce to parallelize execution using multiple compute nodes.
CloudBurst's running time scales linearly with the number of reads mapped, and with near linear speedup as the number of processors increases. In a 24-processor core configuration, CloudBurst is up to 30 times faster than RMAP executing on a single core, while computing an identical set of alignments. In a large remote compute clouds with 96 cores, CloudBurst reduces the running time from hours to mere minutes for typical jobs involving mapping of millions of short reads to the human genome. CloudBurst is available open-source as a model for parallelizing other bioinformatics algorithms with MapReduce.
This package contains code for use with Short Read DNA Sequencing technologies, and includes packages for ChIP-Seq, Whole Transcriptome Shotgun Sequencing, Whole Genome Shotgun Sequencing, SNP Detection, Transcript expression and file conversion.
This package of tools encompasses many of the common pieces of software required for the analysis of short read sequences produced by the Second Generation DNA sequencing machines. (eg. Illumina/Solexa sequencers, ABI SOLiD and 454). The focus of this project is on post-alignment analysis, thus the input for this process should be the files produced by sequence aligners such as MAQ, Eland or Exonerate. The output should be provided in several formats, including BED and WIG files which are readable by the UCSC Genome Browser.