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The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to publicize a competition for Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Centers (MDSRCs). These Centers promote collaborative basic, translational and clinical research and provide important resources that can be used by the national muscular dystrophy research communities. The Centers also provide outstanding environments for the training of new researchers capable of addressing high priority research objectives in the muscular dystrophies. Center investigators are expected to participate in important community outreach efforts to increase awareness of their research activities in the patient and advocacy communities and to incorporate community perspectives into the conduct of patient-centered research.

Applications must articulate how results will lead to a clinical impact for Veterans with GWI even if a clinical impact is not an immediate outcome. All applications must focus on features of GWI and Veterans of the 1990-1991 Gulf War affected by GWI. It is the responsibility of the Principal Investigator (PI) to clearly and explicitly articulate the project's potential impact on GWI. The types of activities supported include, but are not limited to, expansion of limited data on candidate markers, mechanistic targets; therapeutics and interventions; validation and advanced research on druggable mechanistic targets, identification and development of leading compounds, and collection of preclinical data for repurposing an existing approved drug or for new Investigational New Drug (IND) application submissions to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Applicants proposing to test FDA-approved drugs in animal models for efficacy must explain why preclinical testing is required prior to clinical pilot trials in humans

The FY19 GWIRP Clinical Evaluation Award supports translation of validated GWI research, including qualified and replicated preclinical findings, to a Gulf War Veteran population. The Clinical Evaluation Award targets the Verification phase of the research pipeline as outlined in Section II.A.2. Statistically powered biomarker trials with the potential to validate use of biomarkers as clinical endpoints or proof-of-concept intervention trials (e.g., pilot, first in human, Phase I-IIa) are encouraged under this funding opportunity. While studies of treatments repurposed from other disorders sharing GWI symptomatology will be considered (with appropriate rationale), the FY19 GWIRP encourages studies that translate qualified results from the GWI research community.

The FY19 GWIRP New Investigator Award supports investigators new to the field of GWI research at different stages of career development. This award enables such investigators to compete for funding separately from investigators with established programs of GWI research. The New Investigator Award aligns to the Discovery or Qualification phase as outlined in Section II.A.2. Previous experience in GWI research is allowed, but not required. However, applications naming a Principal Investigator (PI) with limited background in GWI research are strongly encouraged to include collaboration with investigators who are experienced in GWI research and/or possess other relevant expertise to strengthen the application. The application should describe how the collaboration(s) will augment the PI's ability to address the research question.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages applications that propose to complete planning, design, and preparation of the documentation necessary for implementation of investigator-initiated clinical trials. The trials should be hypothesis-driven, milestone-defined, related to the research mission of the NIAID and considered high-priority by the Institute. Investigators are encouraged to visit the NIAID website for additional information about the research mission and high-priority research areas of the NIAID (https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/role).

The intent of the FY19 PRARP InCASA is to support innovative research that improves the quality of life and care for individuals living with the common symptoms of TBI and/or AD/ADRD and/or their families and care providers, as related to the PRARP's mission (see Section II.A, Program Description). The proposed work should innovatively challenge existing research paradigms or exhibit high levels of creativity within the contexts of the PRARP's mission and vision. This can include innovations and research for symptom reduction (e.g., cognitive, behavioral, function, mood), resiliency factors, increasing or maintaining independence, and support for families and care providers. The research innovations for the FY19 PRARP InCASA are expected to benefit the military, Veteran, and civilian communities. FY19 PRARP InCASA applications should be Innovation- and Impact-based.

The purpose of the initiative is to support multidisciplinary innovative exploratory and developmental research to understand the underlying etiologic factors and the mechanisms that result in disparities in chronic liver diseases and cancer in the US. Also listed under R01.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to support research projects designed to solve specific problems and paradoxes in cancer research identified by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Provocative Questions Initiative. These problems and paradoxes phrased as questions are not intended to represent the full range of NCI's priorities in cancer research. Rather, they are meant to challenge researchers to think about and elucidate specific problems in key areas of cancer research that are deemed important but have not received sufficient attention. Also listed under R01.

To support generation of single cell RNA-sequencing data sets for at least one brain region relevant to persistent HIV infection and opioid, cocaine and/or methamphetamine use disorder