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This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages applications for Countermeasures Against Chemical Threats (CounterACT) Research Centers of Excellence (U54s). The mission of the CounterACT program is to foster and support research and development of new and improved therapeutics for chemical threats. Chemical threats are toxic chemicals that could be used in a terrorist attack or accidentally released from industrial production, storage or shipping. They include traditional chemical warfare agents, toxic industrial chemicals, pharmaceutical-based agents, and pesticides. The scope of the research includes target and candidate identification and characterization, through candidate optimization and demonstration of in vivo efficacy consistent with the product's intended use in humans. For applicants submitting U54 renewal applications, research under this FOA should culminate in an optimized lead compound ready for advanced development. The Centers will contain at least three research projects supported by an administrative core, up to three optional scientific cores, and a research education core. Each research project must include milestones that create discrete go or no-go decision points in a progressive translational study plan.

ISN/CTR seeks to build self-sufficient nuclear, biological, and chemical security with partner governments. Since 2012, ISN/CTR has funded the development of an evaluation tool to annually measure the effectiveness of its ISN/CTR programming. The ISN/CTR metrics tool is designed to assess the human element of threat reduction as evidenced by the establishment of nuclear, biological, and chemical security cultures in partner countries, institutions, and individuals. For the current NOFO, ISN/CTR is seeking a new analysis of program work beyond 2017 using this evaluation tool for programming that occurred in ISN/CTR partner countries.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) encourages basic research into the role of RNA chemical modifications and their corresponding writers, readers and erasers in the initiation and progression of cancer. Chemical modifications of RNA bases have been reported to regulate the fate and function of both coding and noncoding RNAs and are emerging as a critical element of post-transcriptional gene regulation. This FOA will utilize the Exploratory/Developmental (R21) mechanism which supports investigation of novel scientific ideas or new model systems, tools or technologies that have the potential for significant impact on biomedical or biobehavioral research.

The AACR and its Chemistry in Cancer Research Working Group established this award in 2007 to recognize the importance of chemistry to advancements in cancer research. The award will be given for outstanding, novel and significant chemistry research, which has led to important contributions to the fields of basic cancer research, translational cancer research, cancer diagnosis, the prevention of cancer or the treatment of patients with cancer. Such research may include, but is not limited to, drug discovery and design; structural biology; proteomics, metabolomics and biological mass spectrometry; chemical aspects of carcinogenesis; imaging agents and radiotherapeutics; and chemical biology. The winner of the Eighth Annual AACR Award for Outstanding Achievement in Chemistry in Cancer Research will give a 50-minute lecture during the AACR Annual Meeting 2014 in San Diego, CA, USA (April 5-9, 2014), receive a commemorative award, a $10,000 honorarium, and receive support for the winner and a spouse to attend the Annual Meeting.

The AACR and its Chemistry in Cancer Research Working Group established this award in 2007 to recognize the importance of chemistry to advancements in cancer research. The award will be given for outstanding, novel and significant chemistry research, which has led to important contributions to the fields of basic cancer research, translational cancer research, cancer diagnosis, the prevention of cancer or the treatment of patients with cancer. Such research may include, but is not limited to, drug discovery and design; structural biology; proteomics, metabolomics and biological mass spectrometry; chemical aspects of carcinogenesis; imaging agents and radiotherapeutics; and chemical biology.

The reproducibility and comparability of research on dietary supplements is enhanced by rigorous analytical characterization of key experimental materials and the publication of validated analytical methods that accurately and precisely characterized and quantify constituents in dietary supplement ingredients and products. This FOA builds on existing NIH awards to support the performance and publication of formal single-laboratory validation studies of quantitative analytical methods. The methods proposed for validation must be used to identify and quantify dietary supplement-relevant chemical constituents (i.e., active or marker chemical compounds, adulterants, contaminants) or their metabolites in experimental reagents, raw materials, and/or clinical specimens (e.g., urine or plasma samples). Methods must have been developed or utilized in fulfillment of the active parent grant's specific aims. Candidate constituents for quantitative method validation studies include (but are not limited to): phytochemicals, nutrients, and potentially deleterious substances such as pesticides and mycotoxins. Multi-laboratory validation studies will not be supported through this FOA.

The purpose of the U.S.-Russia Bilateral Collaborative Research Partnerships on Cancer program is to stimulate collaborative basic, translational, and clinical research between United States (U.S.)-based researchers and Russian researchers in the areas of cancer biology, prevention, early detection, diagnosis, and treatment as well as the physical and chemical sciences and engineering in cancer biology, nanotechnology, and radiation epidemiology.

The purpose of the U.S.-Russia Bilateral Collaborative Research Partnerships on Cancer program is to stimulate collaborative basic, translational, and clinical research between United States (U.S.)-based researchers and Russian researchers in the areas of cancer biology, prevention, early detection, diagnosis, and treatment as well as the physical and chemical sciences and engineering in cancer biology, nanotechnology, and radiation epidemiology.

TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE AND THERAPEUTICS: The goal of the PhRMA Foundation's Translational Medicine and Therapeutics Program is to promote the development and use of experimental and computational methods in an integrative approach towards clinical needs in diagnosis, treatment and prevention. This can involve enhanced understanding of human biological and disease processes but requires a strong translational component. This program will support the concepts of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics as defined by the Foundation: "Translational medicine and therapeutics is a discipline focused on bridging experimental and computational technologies and discoveries in the research laboratory to their application in clinical practice. Examples of research components include activities in molecular and cellular biology, pathophysiology, systems biology, bioinformatics, modeling and simulation, and other quantitative sciences to connect basic biological concepts and entities to directly address unmet medical needs. The goals are to use clinical observation as the basis for hypothesis generation to further basic research and to efficiently advance the product of basic research to patients." Translational Medicine and Therapeutics awards will advance training and support career development of scientists engaged in research that significantly integrates cutting-edge technologies with advanced biological, chemical, and pharmacological sciences and engineering methodologies in such areas as (but not restricted to): * Genetics (Molecular, Pharmaco-, Population, Medical) * Genomics (Functional, Structural, Toxico-, Pharmaco-, Comparative) * Systems (Biology and Pharmacology) * Pathways and networks * Integrative biology * Modeling and simulation * Target Identification and Validation * Biomarker Discovery and Validation * Vaccine Development * Molecular Epidimiology * Imaging * Disease Modeling

The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to promote the discovery of novel small molecules that may enhance the ability of the immune system to selectively recognize and attack cancer cells. These small molecules could be further developed into stand-alone immunotherapeutics or synergistic partners for existing therapies, or as chemical probes for the discovery and validation of novel targets involved in anti-tumor immunity. Investigators from multiple scientific disciplines (immuno-oncology, tumor biology, screening technology, medicinal chemistry, and pharmacology) are encouraged to establish collaborative teams to discover and develop novel small molecule immunomodulators for cancer therapy. This FOA encourages the design of research projects that utilize the following phases of discovery research: 1) assay development specifically designed for immuno-oncology targets with the intent to screen for novel small molecule compounds that show potential as either probes or drugs, or as pre-therapeutic leads; 2) screen implementation for immunomodulatory targets to identify initial screening hits (from high throughput target-focused approaches or moderate throughput phenotypic- and fragment-based approaches); 3) hit validation through secondary orthogonal and counter screening assays, and hit prioritization; and 4) hit-to-lead optimization.

Elsa Uhinck Pardee was born on a farm south of Cleveland, Ohio, on November 7, 1884, and received her elementary education in a one-room school. She married James T. Pardee in 1914. A college classmate of Herbert H. Dow, Mr. Pardee was a founder and board member of the Dow Chemical Company. Before her death from breast cancer in 1944 at the age of 59, Elsa directed that $1 million in Dow stock be devoted to the "control and cure of cancer." The Elsa U. Pardee Foundation was formed in memory of Elsa by the family she left behind.