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T-lymphocytes preserve an immunological balance between attacking tumor cells and preventing a continued activated immune response. This balance is maintained by a network of protein interactions that can inhibit T-cell mediated immune responses targeted against self-antigens or stimulate them to defend against tumor cells. T-cell specificity against tumor cells is determined by the interaction between the T-cell receptor complex and antigenic peptides bound in the surface major histocompatibility complex molecules (MHC).

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) seeks applications proposing coordinated efforts to accelerate gene discovery for psychiatric disorders in cohorts of African ancestry on the African continent to advance the important goal of global mental health equity. This funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is one of several FOAs participating in a program called, Ending Disparities in Mental Health (EDIfy-MH ). This FOA should be used when two or more collaborating sites are essential to conduct the proposed research. It is required that the Research Strategy be identical across linked collaborative U01 applications, with the exception of a short section describing the specific function of each application under "elements unique to this site." The Human Subjects section for each application should be specific to the research conducted at that site. For a linked set of collaborative U01 applications, each application must have its own Program Director/Principal Investigator (PD/PI) and the program must provide a mechanism for cross-site coordination. Applications from a single-site should be submitted under the companion FOA (PAR-MH-20-XXX).

NHGRI invites applications for research developing comparative approaches that can be used to understand genome structure and function and the relationship between genomic features and phenotypes. This program supports studies that enable the use of a diverse array of species to advance our ability to understand basic biological processes related to human health and disease, as well as studies that develop novel analytical tools and resources for the comparative genomics research community.

The objective of this award is to provide additional career development support for outstanding Respiratory Therapists (RTs) who conduct research (clinical or translational), including detection, inhalation therapies, clinical care, diagnostics, and therapeutic tools in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD)-related lung disease.