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This announcement solicits applications for Early Detection of Vision Problems in Young Children. The purpose of this grant program is to increase the detection and diagnosis of visual impairment in children aged five (5) years and younger in five (5) States by enhancing the capacity of the State public health agencies to use and apply quality improvement principles and practices to implement universal vision screening for preschool-aged children. Funds will be provided to a single entity to convene a learning collaborative comprised of five States to work together jointly to identify challenges, interventions, implementation, and measurement related to implementing universal vision screening for preschool-aged children. To facilitate collaborative learning and quality improvement efforts, the awardee may ask each of the five participating States to consider forming a vision screening quality improvement team. The optimal team would include representatives from the State Title V program, State early childhood and education programs, State health surveillance and information systems (e.g., immunization registry), community health centers, pediatric primary and vision specialty care, and family organizations. The awardee may convene the State teams to apply rapid test cycles to increase coordination among the relevant State agencies, providers, and community organizations to support the tracking, disseminating, and spreading of innovative and promising practices necessary to achieve the program purpose. Program Aim: By 2018, increase by 20 percent over 2011-2012 levels, the proportion of children aged five (5) years and younger who receive vision screening and diagnosis in five (5) States according to the National Survey of Children¿s Health measure. http://www.childhealthdata.org/learn/NSCH To accomplish the program purpose and aim, it is expected the awardee will: · Establish a multidisciplinary project advisory group made up of stakeholders includin

Eligibility Criteria Member of The Obesity Society (domestic or international) All career levels Applications from post-doctoral research fellows must have a mentor who is a current TOS member. Type of research eligible for award: Studies designed to look at the impact of macronutrient intake (carbs vs. proteins vs. fats) on overweight and obesity in children will be given top priority.   Available funding: One grant will be funded for $40,000 for a period of up to two years.     Focus of research proposals Potential questions might include, but are not limited to, such topics as: Present macronutrient make-up of diets of obese vs. normal wt. children Impact of high protein diet vs. high carbohydrate diet on body weight and body composition in children Optimal protein intake in children. Present studies (mainly in adults) suggest that consuming 25-30 gms protein per meal is preferable for enhancing muscle protein synthesis and promoting satiety. Is there an optimal range per meal in children?

The Department of Education is issuing a notice inviting applications for new awards for fiscal year (FY) 2018 for Personnel Development to Improve Services and Results for Children with Disabilities-Associate Degree Preservice Program Improvement Grants to Support Personnel Working with Young Children with Disabilities

The purpose of this funding opportunity is to establish a program of research to advance the understanding, prevention and treatment of pediatric multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Given the prevalence and associated morbidity and mortality of MODS in children, the current lack of understanding underscores the need for more exploratory research. Possible topics of study include, but are not limited to, the epidemiology, pathophysiology, monitoring, and treatment of MODS. Studies that assess specific etiologies associated with MODS including, but not limited to, sepsis, trauma, acute respiratory distress syndrome, inborn errors of metabolism, burns, cancer, transplantation and congenital heart disease are encouraged. Applications may include any appropriate study design ranging from basic science animal models through small prospective randomized controlled trials. The intent of this R21 funding initiative is to encourage exploratory and developmental research projects by providing support for the early and conceptual stages of research projects addressing these topics. These studies may incur considerable research risk in efforts to make important breakthroughs in the understanding, prevention and treatment of MODS in children. Projects of limited cost or scope that use widely accepted approaches and methods within well-established fields are better suited for the R03 small grant activity code. It is hoped that the results of this exploratory research will translate into improved clinical outcomes for children with, and at risk for MODS.

The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to continue the support the Childhood Liver Disease Research Network (ChiLDReN) to conduct clinical and translational research on rare pediatric liver diseases. ChiLDReN is composed of a Scientific and Data Coordination Center (SDCC) and Clinical Centers (CC). ChiLDReN will continue clinical and translational research on pediatric liver diseases that include: Biliary Atresia; Alagille syndrome; alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency; Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis syndromes; Bile acid synthesis defects; Mitochondrial hepatopathies; Idiopathic Neonatal Hepatitis; Cystic Fibrosis Liver Disease; and primary sclerosing cholangitis.

The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to continue the support the Childhood Liver Disease Research Network (ChiLDReN) to conduct clinical and translational research on rare pediatric liver diseases. ChiLDReN will be composed of a Scientific and Data Coordination Center (DCC), Clinical Centers (CC) , and the NIDDK/NIH as the sponsor of the Network. ChiLDReN will continue clinical and translational research on pediatric liver diseases that include: Biliary Atresia; Alagille syndrome; alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency; Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis syndromes; Bile acid synthesis defects; Mitochondrial hepatopathies; Idiopathic Neonatal Hepatitis; Cystic Fibrosis Liver Disease; and primary sclerosing cholangitis.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) invites applications from institutions/organizations which propose to characterize or identify factors in early childhood (birth-24 months) that may increase or mitigate risk for obesity and/or excessive weight gain and/or to fill methodological research gaps relevant to the understanding of risk for development of obesity in children. Studies should propose research in children from birth to 24 months, although any proposed follow-up assessments, if applicable, may continue past this period. Studies may also assess factors relevant to families and/or caregivers of children from birth to 24 months. Applications should seek to fill unique research needs and involve expertise across disciplines as appropriate for the proposed research question.

The purpose of this NOFO is to increase the availability and number of packaged effective pediatric weight management interventions (PWMI) that can be used by healthcare, community or public health organizations to serve low-income children and their caregivers. This will be achieved by having researchers take existing evidence based PWMI, and convert them into user-friendly "packaged" materials so that the PWMI can be replicated and pilot tested in real world settings. The demonstration will provide ongoing support to children and families through the PWMI and referral to community-based resources for healthy nutrition and physical activity behaviors. The long-term goal of this NOFO is to increase the access to and uptake of acceptable, effective, and packaged PWMIs by institutions that serve low-income children.

Getting to ZERO is a five-year program to reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) impact, vulnerability and risk and to increase uptake and retention of high-impact HIV services among orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) and adolescents in targeted communities in Zimbabwe. The strategic objectives of Getting to ZERO are to improve the health, nutrition, psychosocial wellbeing, retention of children in schools, as well as reduction in abuse of children affected by HIV in Zimbabwe. Subject to availability of funds, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) intends to provide approximately $35,000,000 in total funding for this program. Getting to ZERO directly aligns with the goal of Government of Zimbabwe's (GOZ) National HIV and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) Strategic Plan

The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to (1) promote preclinical, translational, clinical and epidemiological research in pain medications use in children or in pregnant women to fill knowledge gaps in safe use of the pain medications in these special populations; and (2) develop effective instruments or approaches to assess and evaluate maternal and child outcomes of pain medication treatments. There is a need for data on pain medications used in children and pregnant women to be shared and made available to the scientific community for future studies and to encourage replication of findings and meeting the goal of further advancing research in this area. Also listed under R03

This initiative encourages research that targets the reduction of health disparities among children. Specific targeted areas of research include biobehavioral studies that incorporate multiple factors that influence child health disparities such as biological (e.g., genetics, cellular, organ systems), lifestyle factors, environmental (e.g., physical and family environments) social (e.g., peers), economic, institutional, and cultural and family influences; studies that target the specific health promotion needs of children with a known health condition and/or disability; and studies that test and evaluate the comparative effectiveness of health promotion interventions conducted in traditional and nontraditional settings.

This initiative encourages research that targets the reduction of health disparities among children. Specific targeted areas of research include biobehavioral studies that incorporate multiple factors that influence child health disparities such as biological (e.g., genetics, cellular, organ systems), lifestyle factors, environmental (e.g., physical and family environments) social (e.g., peers), economic, institutional, and cultural and family influences; studies that target the specific health promotion needs of children with a known health condition and/or disability; and studies that test and evaluate the comparative effectiveness of health promotion interventions conducted in traditional and nontraditional settings.

The purpose of this funding opportunity announcement (FOA) is to establish a program of research to advance the understanding, prevention and treatment of pediatric multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Given the prevalence and associated morbidity and mortality of MODS in children, the current lack of understanding underscores the need for more basic, exploratory and longitudinal research. Possible topics of study include, but are not limited, to the epidemiology, pathophysiology, monitoring, and treatment of MODS. Studies that assess specific etiologies associated with MODS including, but not limited to, sepsis, trauma, acute respiratory distress syndrome, inborn errors of metabolism, burns, cancer, transplantation and congenital heart disease are encouraged. Applications may include any appropriate study designs ranging from basic science and animal models through prospective randomized controlled trials. It is hoped that as a result of research supported through this funding opportunity, outcomes will improve both in terms of the prevention and treatment of MODS in children.

This initiative encourages research that targets the reduction of health disparities among children. Investing in early childhood development is essential. Specific targeted areas of research include bio-behavioral studies that incorporate multiple factors that influence child health disparities such as biological (e.g., genetics, cellular, organ systems), lifestyle factors, environmental (e.g., physical and family environments) social (e.g., peers), economic, institutional, and cultural and family influences; studies that target the specific health promotion needs of children with a known health condition and/or disability; and studies that test, evaluate, translate, and disseminate health promotion prevention and interventions conducted in traditional and non -traditional settings. Also listed under R21

The mission of the Gerber Foundation is to enhance the quality of life of infants and young children via nutrition, care, and development. The foundation is accepting concept papers for health and/or nutrition-related research projects designed to make a significant impact on issues affecting infants and young children from birth to three years of age.

The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to support projects to identify and/or validate biomarkers or biomarker combinations leading to improved diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in children, including HIV infected children.

These Clinical Research Centers will support and conduct research to improve the health and quality of life for children and adults with congenital heart disease, and children with acquired heart disease through multi-center collaborative clinical research.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading viral cause of lower respiratory tract infection including bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and children worldwide. The annual rate of RSV hospitalizations for children less than 2 years of age in the US is 5.2 per 1,000, but substantially higher among Native Americans. There are currently approximately 40 vaccines or antibody products in development designed to prevent RSV infections. With potential licensure of these products on the horizon, it will be important to establish baseline estimates of the burden of RSV infections in high-risk populations, like Native Americans, and to maintain surveillance post-licensure in order to evaluate impact. Native Americans are also at higher risk for severe respiratory infections associated with human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and other viruses, which will also be monitored through this system.

Research program focus areas identified by the foundation include: Pediatric Health - Projects that promote health and prevent or treat disease. Of particular interest are applied research projects focused on reducing the incidence of neonatal and early childhood illnesses, or those aimed at improving cognitive, social, and emotional aspects of development. Pediatric Nutrition - Projects that assure adequate nutrition to infants and young children, including applied research that evaluates the provision of specific nutrients and their related outcomes. Environmental Hazards (Nutrient Competitors) - Projects that document the impact of, or ameliorate the effects of, environmental hazards on the growth and development of infants and young children. Major target areas for research include new diagnostic tools that might be more rapid, more specific, more sensitive, or less invasive; treatment regimens that are novel, less stressful or painful, more targeted, have fewer side effects, and/or provide optimal dosing; symptom relief; preventative measures; assessment of deficiencies or excesses (vitamins, minerals, drugs, etc.); and risk assessment tools or measures for environmental hazards, trauma, etc. The foundation is interested in supporting projects that will result in "new" information, treatments, or tools that result in a change in practice; it rarely funds projects that are focused on sharing current information with parents or caregivers.

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) invites basic research project grant (R01) applications to investigate the fundamental mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of HIV-related heart, lung, and/or blood (HLB) diseases alone and in the context of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Investigations may be conducted on various primary cell types, biospecimens, computational models, and animal models, particularly those used for HIV research. The goal is to provide the critical basic science foundation and guide the design of new therapeutic approaches for HIV-related HLB conditions in adults and children.