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Nye Frank

Draglist.com, Dragsters, Nye F... - Google Docs - 0 views

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    Freight Train, Drag Racing, Off Road Racing, race-dezert, dusty times, Nye Frank, Justice for Nye Frank, Riverside County, Homicide coverup, Rod Pacheco, Daima Calhoun, San Bernardino, Norco, Phil, Ty, Reddish
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    List of Dragster links
Nye Frank

County to help victims remove fire debris : North County Times - Californian - 0 views

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    Land speed record holders Craig Breedlove, Lee Breedlove-Frank, Lee stil holds the record in a four wheel jet car. She went the required both directions. Lee my mom wanted to go faster by Goodyear and Shell were afraid it would be bad news if something happened to her.
Nye Frank

esperanzafire.html - 0 views

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    Ty Reddish 27 attacked a 68 year old man. Jumped up hit him, grabbed him by the head, dropped his feet, to pull Nye Frank to the ground by his head. Then Ty stood up and jumped and came down on Nye Franks back with his knees. While Nye was passed out he grabbed him by the belt and shirt and turned him over. Jumping and bouncing on his chest to smother him and choking him while completly passed out. Nye's both rib cages broken. All of this while Lee Frank begging him to stop. He did not stop till Lee had gotten the car and driving toward him. Nye came to and was able to get into the car. He tried to talk but Lee could not understand him. He died within 3 minutes. The Riverside Coroner has natural cause of death and homicide. Mike Rushton and Daima Calhoun closed the case administratively( small meeting). Let Ty out of jail while on probation and while Ty and his family harassed, stalked Lee Frank and family said there was nothing they could do. They refused to release the sheriff report and autopsy till we got a Victims org to tell them illegal. Mike Rushton was telling Lee Nye did not have any injuries and died of a heart attack. Riverside DA office told Lee they did not have a elder advocate to help her. But the DA got a award for Elder victims advocacy.
Nye Frank

dlmartin777's Bookmarks on Delicious - 0 views

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    Ty Reddish 27 attacked a 68 year old man. Jumped up hit him, grabbed him by the head, dropped his feet, to pull Nye Frank to the ground by his head. Then Ty stood up and jumped and came down on Nye Franks back with his knees. While Nye was passed out he grabbed him by the belt and shirt and turned him over. Jumping and bouncing on his chest to smother him and choking him while completly passed out. Nye's both rib cages broken. All of this while Lee Frank begging him to stop. He did not stop till Lee had gotten the car and driving toward him. Nye came to and was able to get into the car. He tried to talk but Lee could not understand him. He died within 3 minutes. The Riverside Coroner has natural cause of death and homicide. Mike Rushton and Daima Calhoun closed the case administratively( small meeting). Let Ty out of jail while on probation and while Ty and his family harassed, stalked Lee Frank and family said there was nothing they could do. They refused to release the sheriff report and autopsy till we got a Victims org to tell them illegal. Mike Rushton was telling Lee Nye did not have any injuries and died of a heart attack. Riverside DA office told Lee they did not have a elder advocate to help her. But the DA got a award for Elder victims advocacy.
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    ESPN: The Worldwide Leader In Sports SAVED PEOPLE10349 ESPN.com provides comprehensive sports coverage. Complete sports information including NFL, MLB, NBA, College Football, College Basketball scores and news. ESPN: The Worldwide Leader In Sports SAVED PEOPLE 10349 ESPN.com provides comprehensive sports coverage. Complete sports information including NFL, MLB, NBA, College Football, College Basketball scores and news.
Nye Frank

mymarketingsite's Bookmarks on Delicious - 0 views

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    Ty Reddish 27 attacked a 68 year old man. Jumped up hit him, grabbed him by the head, dropped his feet, to pull Nye Frank to the ground by his head. Then Ty stood up and jumped and came down on Nye Franks back with his knees. While Nye was passed out he grabbed him by the belt and shirt and turned him over. Jumping and bouncing on his chest to smother him and choking him while completly passed out. Nye's both rib cages broken. All of this while Lee Frank begging him to stop. He did not stop till Lee had gotten the car and driving toward him. Nye came to and was able to get into the car. He tried to talk but Lee could not understand him. He died within 3 minutes. The Riverside Coroner has natural cause of death and homicide. Mike Rushton and Daima Calhoun closed the case administratively( small meeting). Let Ty out of jail while on probation and while Ty and his family harassed, stalked Lee Frank and family said there was nothing they could do. They refused to release the sheriff report and autopsy till we got a Victims org to tell them illegal. Mike Rushton was telling Lee Nye did not have any injuries and died of a heart attack. Riverside DA office told Lee they did not have a elder advocate to help her. But the DA got a award for Elder victims advocacy.
Nye Frank

Abuse: Elder Abuse - Google Scholar - 0 views

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    Ty Reddish 27 attacked a 68 year old man. Jumped up hit him, grabbed him by the head, dropped his feet, to pull Nye Frank to the ground by his head. Then Ty stood up and jumped and came down on Nye Franks back with his knees. While Nye was passed out he grabbed him by the belt and shirt and turned him over. Jumping and bouncing on his chest to smother him and choking him while completly passed out. Nye's both rib cages broken. All of this while Lee Frank begging him to stop. He did not stop till Lee had gotten the car and driving toward him. Nye came to and was able to get into the car. He tried to talk but Lee could not understand him. He died within 3 minutes. The Riverside Coroner has natural cause of death and homicide. Mike Rushton and Daima Calhoun closed the case administratively( small meeting). Let Ty out of jail while on probation and while Ty and his family harassed, stalked Lee Frank and family said there was nothing they could do. They refused to release the sheriff report and autopsy till we got a Victims org to tell them illegal. Mike Rushton was telling Lee Nye did not have any injuries and died of a heart attack. Riverside DA office told Lee they did not have a elder advocate to help her. But the DA got a award for Elder victims advocacy.
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    Every tactic used by the Riverside DA and Sheriff to Lee Frank, Dawn Breedlove, family members of Nye Frank Who will enforce the Law and make this right?
Nye Frank

Links to Judo Sites on the Web - 0 views

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    Ty Reddish 27 attacked a 68 year old man. Jumped up hit him, grabbed him by the head, dropped his feet, to pull Nye Frank to the ground by his head. Then Ty stood up and jumped and came down on Nye Franks back with his knees. While Nye was passed out he grabbed him by the belt and shirt and turned him over. Jumping and bouncing on his chest to smother him and choking him while completly passed out. Nye's both rib cages broken. All of this while Lee Frank begging him to stop. He did not stop till Lee had gotten the car and driving toward him. Nye came to and was able to get into the car. He tried to talk but Lee could not understand him. He died within 3 minutes. The Riverside Coroner has natural cause of death and homicide. Mike Rushton and Daima Calhoun closed the case administratively( small meeting). Let Ty out of jail while on probation and while Ty and his family harassed, stalked Lee Frank and family said there was nothing they could do. They refused to release the sheriff report and autopsy till we got a Victims org to tell them illegal. Mike Rushton was telling Lee Nye did not have any injuries and died of a heart attack. Riverside DA office told Lee they did not have a elder advocate to help her. But the DA got a award for Elder victims advocacy.
Nye Frank

Judo, How 27 year old Ty Reddish killed 68 year old Nye Frank - 0 views

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    Ty Reddish 27 attacked a 68 year old man. Jumped up hit him, grabbed him by the head, dropped his feet, to pull Nye Frank to the ground by his head. Then Ty stood up and jumped and came down on Nye Franks back with his knees. While Nye was passed out he grabbed him by the belt and shirt and turned him over. Jumping and bouncing on his chest to smother him and choking him while completly passed out. Nye's both rib cages broken. All of this while Lee Frank begging him to stop. He did not stop till Lee had gotten the car and driving toward him. Nye came to and was able to get into the car. He tried to talk but Lee could not understand him. He died within 3 minutes. The Riverside Coroner has natural cause of death and homicide. Mike Rushton and Daima Calhoun closed the case administratively( small meeting). Let Ty out of jail while on probation and while Ty and his family harassed, stalked Lee Frank and family said there was nothing they could do. They refused to release the sheriff report and autopsy till we got a Victims org to tell them illegal. Mike Rushton was telling Lee Nye did not have any injuries and died of a heart attack. Riverside DA office told Lee they did not have a elder advocate to help her. But the DA got a award for Elder victims advocacy.
Sarah Usher

Pass the Police Recruitment Process in One Attempt - 1 views

I was so happy PoliceRecruitmentUK provided me a lot of information about the police recruitment process! They showed me tips and information on what to expect during the selection process. That ...

police jobs

started by Sarah Usher on 08 Jun 11 no follow-up yet
Anne White

I Passed the UK Police Recruitment for 2011 - 1 views

I really wanted to become a police officer, not because being a police officer is exciting, but, because I knew being a police officer is a noble profession and I wanted to make a difference in the...

started by Anne White on 11 Oct 11 no follow-up yet
Nye Frank

Position Outline for Elder Abuse Policy (Rough Draft) - 0 views

  • 29 NATIONAL PROSECUTION STANDARDS, (2 nd ed. 1991), Standard 26.7, p. 94. 30 NATIONAL PROSECUTION STANDARDS, (2 nd ed. 1991), Standard 26.3, p. 93. 31 See NATIONAL PROSECUTION STANDARDS, (2 nd ed. 1991), Standard 26.7, p.92
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    Page 1 Page 2 NATIONAL DISTRICT ATTORNEYS ASSOCIATION POLICY POSITIONS ON THE PROSECUTION OF ELDER ABUSE, NEGLECT, AND FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION Adopted: March 22, 2003 by the Board of Directors in New Orleans, Louisiana National District Attorneys Association 99 Canal Center Plaza, Suite 510 Alexandria, Virginia 22314 Telephone: 703-549-9222 Facsimile: 703-836-3195 Page 3 i INDEX TOPIC PAGE NO. Magnitude of Elder Abuse …………………………………………….. 1-2 Current Elder Population ……………………………………… 2-3 Projected Increase in the Elder Population …………………… 3 Number of Individuals in Nursing Homes ……………………. 3 Elder Abuse in Domestic Settings ……………………………… 3-4 Elder Abuse in Institutional Settings ………………………...... 4-5 Elder Abuse and the Prosecutor's Office Office Organization ……………………………………………... 5-6 Training Training to Understand Crimes against Elders ……………….. 7-9 Training to Understand the Elder Victim ……………………… 9 Victim's Services ………………………………………………………… 10-13 Funding …………………………………………………………………… 13-14 Multidisciplinary Approach …………………………………………….. 14-15 Public Awareness ………………………………………………………… 15-17 State Legislation State Criminal Laws ………………………………………………. 17 State Mandatory Reporting Laws ………………………………… 18 Special Trial Procedures and Evidentiary Rules ………………… 18-19 Page 4 1 NATIONAL DISTRICT ATTORNEYS ASSOCIATION POLICY POSITIONS ON THE PROSECUTION OF ELDER ABUSE, NEGLECT, AND FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION Introduction: Since May of 1986, the National District Attorneys Association has become increasingly concerned about the growing problem of eld
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    Page 1 Page 2 NATIONAL DISTRICT ATTORNEYS ASSOCIATION POLICY POSITIONS ON THE PROSECUTION OF ELDER ABUSE, NEGLECT, AND FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION Adopted: March 22, 2003 by the Board of Directors in New Orleans, Louisiana National District Attorneys Association 99 Canal Center Plaza, Suite 510 Alexandria, Virginia 22314 Telephone: 703-549-9222 Facsimile: 703-836-3195 Page 3 i INDEX TOPIC PAGE NO. Magnitude of Elder Abuse …………………………………………….. 1-2 Current Elder Population ……………………………………… 2-3 Projected Increase in the Elder Population …………………… 3 Number of Individuals in Nursing Homes ……………………. 3 Elder Abuse in Domestic Settings ……………………………… 3-4 Elder Abuse in Institutional Settings ………………………...... 4-5 Elder Abuse and the Prosecutor's Office Office Organization ……………………………………………... 5-6 Training Training to Understand Crimes against Elders ……………….. 7-9 Training to Understand the Elder Victim ……………………… 9 Victim's Services ………………………………………………………… 10-13 Funding …………………………………………………………………… 13-14 Multidisciplinary Approach …………………………………………….. 14-15 Public Awareness ………………………………………………………… 15-17 State Legislation State Criminal Laws ………………………………………………. 17 State Mandatory Reporting Laws ………………………………… 18 Special Trial Procedures and Evidentiary Rules ………………… 18-19 Page 4 1 NATIONAL DISTRICT ATTORNEYS ASSOCIATION POLICY POSITIONS ON THE PROSECUTION OF ELDER ABUSE, NEGLECT, AND FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION Introduction: Since May of 1986, the National District Attorneys Association has become increasingly concerned about the growing problem of eld
Nye Frank

Dereliction and Collusion - City of Seattle Contra Cabal 711-08-10 - 0 views

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    This is the html version of the file http://contracabal.org/NewFiles/711-08-10-06-0317.pdf. Google automatically generates html versions of documents as we crawl the web. Page 1 © Copyright 2006 by Paul Trummel. Contra Cabal #711-08-10/06-0317-2011. Page 1 of 5 Dereliction and Collusion - City of Seattle Contra Cabal 711-08-10 Alleged Dereliction and Unlawful Collusion among Thomas A. Carr, Seattle City Attorney, his assistants Michael J. Finkle and Robert W. Hood, in a consort with Stephen A. M-tch-ll, a Council House administrator, his directors, and their lawyers. Seattle Jewish Mafia (SJM), a faith-based initiative similar to Al Quaeda, has destroyed Contra Cabal web site three times. It attempted to silence the author and to cover up elder abuse by Council House directors using unlawful means to prevent constitutionally protected speech. [Seattle Jewish Mafia] [Kill the Messenger - WIP] With similar intent, Seattle City Attorney Thomas A. Carr, has issued six criminal indictments against the author. He has attempted to intimidate, silence, and return the author to jail on trumped-up charges - charges similar to those used by Judge James A. Doerty to jail and place him in solitary confinement (2002). Doerty's decision now awaits review by Washington Supreme Court. [Supreme Court Review] Carr's behavior, as an elected official, ranks as truly kafkaesque. In an attempt to preempt the Supreme Court decision, he has evidently tried to pervert the course of justice. Fabricating or interfering with evidence and threatening or intimidating witnesses both classify as criminal offenses punishable by a jail sentence. SJM has shown a pattern of racketeering (defined by the Civil Rights Act and RICO statute). A RICO pattern means two or more organized criminal acts which indicate ensuant activity. Those acts include conspiracy to commit crimes of coercion by wrongful use of force or fear. Instead of challenging the perpetrators, Carr and his team of lawyers have collud
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    This is the html version of the file http://contracabal.org/NewFiles/711-08-10-06-0317.pdf. Google automatically generates html versions of documents as we crawl the web. Page 1 © Copyright 2006 by Paul Trummel. Contra Cabal #711-08-10/06-0317-2011. Page 1 of 5 Dereliction and Collusion - City of Seattle Contra Cabal 711-08-10 Alleged Dereliction and Unlawful Collusion among Thomas A. Carr, Seattle City Attorney, his assistants Michael J. Finkle and Robert W. Hood, in a consort with Stephen A. M-tch-ll, a Council House administrator, his directors, and their lawyers. Seattle Jewish Mafia (SJM), a faith-based initiative similar to Al Quaeda, has destroyed Contra Cabal web site three times. It attempted to silence the author and to cover up elder abuse by Council House directors using unlawful means to prevent constitutionally protected speech. [Seattle Jewish Mafia] [Kill the Messenger - WIP] With similar intent, Seattle City Attorney Thomas A. Carr, has issued six criminal indictments against the author. He has attempted to intimidate, silence, and return the author to jail on trumped-up charges - charges similar to those used by Judge James A. Doerty to jail and place him in solitary confinement (2002). Doerty's decision now awaits review by Washington Supreme Court. [Supreme Court Review] Carr's behavior, as an elected official, ranks as truly kafkaesque. In an attempt to preempt the Supreme Court decision, he has evidently tried to pervert the course of justice. Fabricating or interfering with evidence and threatening or intimidating witnesses both classify as criminal offenses punishable by a jail sentence. SJM has shown a pattern of racketeering (defined by the Civil Rights Act and RICO statute). A RICO pattern means two or more organized criminal acts which indicate ensuant activity. Those acts include conspiracy to commit crimes of coercion by wrongful use of force or fear. Instead of challenging the perpetrators, Carr and his team of lawyers have collud
Nye Frank

unclaimed crime victim funds in riveriside county - Google Search - 0 views

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    1. Santa Clara County crime-victim services in turmoil | MercuryNews ... 3 posts - Last post: Apr 20 Also the Riverside County Supervisors use unclaimed victim funds to other programs. When you have one agency in too much control you invite ... forums.mercurynews.com/.../santa-clara-county-crime-victim-services-in-turmoil - Cached - Similar - 2. IE Chatter: Riverside DA Rod Pacheco Embroiled in Controversy And why is the victims funds under a privacy act in Riverside County? ... funds denied to Lee Frank the unclaimed funds the county takes after 3 years of being unclaimed. .... Its a hate crime with the officials back turned on a elder. ... www.iechatter.com/.../riverside-da-rod-pacheco-embroiled-in-controversy.html - Cached - Similar - 3. [PDF] RESOLUTION NO. 2005- RESOLUTION OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF THE ... File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML county treasurer to perform on its behalf the disbursement of these funds. ... collected on behalf of victims that have been unclaimed for three or more ... This letter is to request the disbursement of funds, from the Victim's of Crime Restitution ... Agriculture, to purchase a building at 1306 Riverside Drive. ... www.co.lassen.ca.us/govt/dept/county_clerk/.../DO_9143.pdf - Similar - 4. San Bernardino County News for July 2009 - Topix Jul 10, 2009 ... A recent grand jury report says Riverside County could save money by ... Glenn Created: 07/14/2009 01:54:54 PM PDT A homicide victim whose body was .... FBI investigating fatal blast at a San Bernardino County home as a hate crime ... of a 66-year-old woman whose body has gone unclaimed for 10 days. ... www.topix.com/county/san-bernardino-ca/2009/07 - Cached - Similar - 5. LIST OF NEW UNCLAIMED FUNDS FOR THE LAST SIX MONTHS STASTNY RICHARD, 315 RIVERSIDE DR APT 17D, NEW YORK, NY, 10025. 37400735/31002275 .... STATE OF NY CRIME VICTIMS BOARD 845, 845 C
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    1. Santa Clara County crime-victim services in turmoil | MercuryNews ... 3 posts - Last post: Apr 20 Also the Riverside County Supervisors use unclaimed victim funds to other programs. When you have one agency in too much control you invite ... forums.mercurynews.com/.../santa-clara-county-crime-victim-services-in-turmoil - Cached - Similar - 2. IE Chatter: Riverside DA Rod Pacheco Embroiled in Controversy And why is the victims funds under a privacy act in Riverside County? ... funds denied to Lee Frank the unclaimed funds the county takes after 3 years of being unclaimed. .... Its a hate crime with the officials back turned on a elder. ... www.iechatter.com/.../riverside-da-rod-pacheco-embroiled-in-controversy.html - Cached - Similar - 3. [PDF] RESOLUTION NO. 2005- RESOLUTION OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF THE ... File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - View as HTML county treasurer to perform on its behalf the disbursement of these funds. ... collected on behalf of victims that have been unclaimed for three or more ... This letter is to request the disbursement of funds, from the Victim's of Crime Restitution ... Agriculture, to purchase a building at 1306 Riverside Drive. ... www.co.lassen.ca.us/govt/dept/county_clerk/.../DO_9143.pdf - Similar - 4. San Bernardino County News for July 2009 - Topix Jul 10, 2009 ... A recent grand jury report says Riverside County could save money by ... Glenn Created: 07/14/2009 01:54:54 PM PDT A homicide victim whose body was .... FBI investigating fatal blast at a San Bernardino County home as a hate crime ... of a 66-year-old woman whose body has gone unclaimed for 10 days. ... www.topix.com/county/san-bernardino-ca/2009/07 - Cached - Similar - 5. LIST OF NEW UNCLAIMED FUNDS FOR THE LAST SIX MONTHS STASTNY RICHARD, 315 RIVERSIDE DR APT 17D, NEW YORK, NY, 10025. 37400735/31002275 .... STATE OF NY CRIME VICTIMS BOARD 845, 845 CENT
Nye Frank

Riverside County Homicide Cover up - 0 views

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    iinland empire coach Norco High Phil Reddish friends with people high up he states. Help cover up homicide of 68 year old man by phils son 27 year old Ty Reddish
Nye Frank

Duke Law Journal: Krista M. Enns, Can A California Litigant Prevail In An Action For Le... - 0 views

  • Part IV acknowledges the tension between the difficulty of proving causation in legal malpractice actions and one of the goals of legal malpractice, which is to allow litigants recovery when their attorneys are negligent. The part then considers the "loss of chance" doctrine, which is used in medical malpractice cases, as a possible alternative to the rigorous "but for" causation requirement in legal malpractice. Since a shift away from the "but for" standard is likely to cause more problems than it solves, and because adequate protections already exist for litigants, Part IV argues that the current causation requirements should be maintained for litigants who allege that they suffered an injury during Supreme Court oral argument. [*pg 115]
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      that lawyers with previous experience before the Court prevail "substantially more often."57 Data from the Solicitor General's office also support this theory http://www.law.duke.edu/shell/cite.pl?48+Duke+L.+J.+111
  • The opportunity to convince [the Justices] of the merits of your position is at its highpoint."47
  • See 3 MALLEN & SMITH, supra note 15, § 29.41, at 772 ("In presenting the underlying appeal in the subsequent legal malpractice action, the parties must specify the issues that should have been urged in the underlying action."). Failure to specify the issues is a failure to prove causation. See id. 146. See infra note 151 and accompanying text. 147. See Smith v. Lewis, 530 P.2d 589, 595 (Cal. 1975). 148. See Lysick v. Walcom, 258 Cal. App. 2d 136, 153 (Ct. App. 1968). The attorney's action need not be the sole cause of the client's loss, just a substantial factor. See id. at 153 n.7. 149. See infra note 213 and accompanying text.
    • Nye Frank
       
      Results 1 - 10 for Federal Rules of Civil and Criminal Procedure with Safesearch on. (0.23 seconds) Ads by Google Federal Criminal Rules Federal Criminal Code and Rules 2009 Edition, $75.65 Free shipping. West.Thomson.com Local Court Rules For Lawyers - Find Current Law Requirements For US Courts! www.SmartRules.com/California Los Angeles, CA Federal civil procedure The FRCP and E-Dsicovery Free white paper here! ClearwellSystems.com California Tax Jackson Hewitt File Your Tax Free with E-File Tax Preperation Only As Low as $20 secure.jacksonhewitt.com/loc Los Angeles, CA Compliance with FRCP Legal grade email archiving system from MX Logic helps with compliance www.mxlogic.com Criminal Laws Expert in DUI, Drugs, Theft & More. 13 Yrs Criminal Defense. Call Now. www.SoCalCriminalLawyer.com Los Angeles, CA Buy the Book from Amazon Criminal law and procedure Free Shipping Avail. Aff www.amazon.com Federal Criminal Charges Federal Criminal Defense Firm Call If Feds Are Coming After You. McNabbAssociates.com Instant Criminal Records $18.95 Easy, Accurate, Confidential The Definitive Criminal Database IntegraScan.com California Custom Search Federal RulemakingFederal Rules of Civil Procedure (modified w/hyperlinks & bookmarks)(PDF). Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure (modified w/hyperlinks & bookmarks)(PDF) ... www.uscourts.gov/rules/newrules4.html LII: Federal Rules of Criminal ProcedureFederal Rules of Criminal Procedure (2009). (incorporating the amendment that took effect Dec. 1, 2008). I. APPLICABILITY. II. PRELIMINARY PROCEEDINGS ... www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcrmp/ The United States House of Representatives Committee On The JudiciaryJurisdiction over measures relating to law, courts and judges, Constitutional amendments, immigration, patents and trademarks, interstate compacts, ... judiciary.house.gov/ Legal Information Institute at Cornell Law SchoolUpdates for Federal Rules: Evidence (Sept. 19, 2008), Civil Procedure, Criminal
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    that lawyers with previous experience before the Court prevail "substantially more often."57 Data from the Solicitor General's office also support this theory http://www.law.duke.edu/shell/cite.pl?48+Duke+L.+J.+111
Nye Frank

Crime Compensation Program Directory Overview - 0 views

  • Most programs process claims through a staff centralized in one office in the state capital, but a few states have branch or regional offices or make use of locally based individuals in other agencies to perform preliminary work on applications, such as gathering documents. Typically, states request and analyze police reports to confirm that a crime took place and to determine whether the victim was involved in any illegal or contributory activity when victimized. Information from service providers like hospitals, doctors, counselors, and funeral homes, as well as employers if work loss is claimed, forms the basis for benefit determinations. Decision-making authority varies from state to state, with about a third of the states using part-time boards or commissions to determine eligibility and awards, and the rest authorizing full-time administrative staff (usually program directors) to make determinations. In three court-based programs, judges or court officials decide claims.
  • All of the programs are authorized to deny or reduce benefits to people who are injured while committing crimes or engaging in substantial misconduct contributing to their victimization. Programs rely primarily on police reports to make these determinations, and expend considerable effort to make careful and appropriate decisions on these issues. Five state compensation laws also authorize denial based on prior criminal activity unrelated to the current victimization. The eligibility of a victim's dependents or other secondary victims generally hinges on the eligibility of the "direct" victim (the one who suffered the injury or death). For example, if a homicide victim was engaged in criminal activity, the family generally would be ineligible for any benefits. Each state operates under its own law, rules, policies and procedures, and while all of the programs share broadly similar eligibility requirements, it's important for those accessing any program to check with the individual state to learn exactly how it operates.
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    While for most programs fund recovery is a minor source of total income , a few programs are beginning to recover close to 10% of their awards. VOCA . Federal funds provide about 20-25% of the state compensation programs' total budgets, through grants authorized by the Victims of Crime Act of 1984 (VOCA). Under VOCA, for every $100 a state awards to victims, it gets $40 in federal funds to spend; this results in a 72%-to-28% split in state-federal dollars spent each year (of every $140 awarded to victims, $100 is state money and $40 is federal funds). States also must bear all or nearly all of the administrative costs for operating their programs (only 5% of each state's VOCA grant is available for administrative purposes). While the large majority of funds spent in operating the programs and paying victims comes from state budgets, VOCA grants have enabled many states to expand coverage, and they make a significant difference in ensuring that there is enough money available to cover all eligible victims that may apply. VOCA will provide about $70 million to state compensation programs in federal fiscal year 1999. To be eligible for a federal grant, certain conditions must be met. Programs must cover medical expenses, mental health counseling, and lost wages for victims, as well as funeral expenses and lost support for families of homicide victims. They must consider drunk driving and domestic violence as compensable crimes, and must not categorically exclude domestic violence victims on the basis of their being related to or living with the offender. (Programs may deny claims when an award to the victim would unjustly enrich the offender.) Program must agree to consider for eligibility all U.S. citizens who are victims of crimes within their states, regardless of the residency of the victim . Each state also must offer benefits to its own residents who are victimized in states without compensa
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