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In a perfect world, you could enjoy great sound by installing just four full-range speakers - one in each corner of your car. In the real world, things aren't quite that easy. Full-ranges simply aren't up to the task of accurately reproducing the entire music spectrum. That's why top-notch systems employ two or more component speakers - like a woofer and tweeter - per channel. Each component is designed to reproduce a specific range of frequencies, and together they can cover the entire music spectrum accurately.\n\nA complication arises, however, since source components such as CD players deliver all of these frequencies - low, high, and in between - as a single music signal. This is where crossovers come in. A crossover divides the music signal into frequency bands that are compatible with the different types of component speakers.

"Building your own 2 Way/3 Way Passive Crossover Networks"

While there are many articles elsewhere that discuss passive crossover design, not all follow a scientific approach. There are several 'off-the-wall' designs scattered throughout the Internet that are a case in point, and unless there is real science described in any article you see, it is best avoided.

"A passive crossover has no active filters as were used in the electronic crossover. It uses coils (inductors) and capacitors to cause a rolloff of the audio level."

"Passive Crossovers, Low Pass, Bandpass, Highpass Filters"