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""Our results raise the hypothesis that these risky behaviors, such as experimenting with drugs or having unsafe sex, are actually driven by over activity in the mesolimbic dopamine system, a system which appears to be the final pathway to all addictions, in the adolescent brain," Poldrack said."

"Their heads move some 6m per second, at each peck enduring a deceleration more than 1,000 times the force of gravity. But researchers reporting in Plos One say that unequal upper and lower beak lengths and spongy, plate-like bone structure protect the birds' brains. The findings could help design more effective head protection for humans."