The first stage, popular cyberculture, is marked by its journalistic
origins and characterized by its descriptive nature, limited dualism, and use of
the Internet-as- frontier metaphor. The second stage, cyberculture
studies, focuses largely on virtual communities and online identities and
benefits from an influx of academic scholars. The third stage, critical
cyberculture studies, expands the notion of cyberculture to include four
areas of study -- online interactions, digital discourses, access and denial to
the Internet, and interface design of cyberspace -- and explores the
intersections and interdependencies between any and all four domains