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There have been more than 200 cases of polio in Pakistan since January - the first time infections have reached this level in nearly 15 years. Despite this, not everyone wants their children to be vaccinated. Abrar Khan, who is 26, makes his way into a poor neighbourhood of Karachi called Baldia.

Key facts Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children worldwide. Pneumonia kills an estimated 1.4 million children under the age of five years every year - more than AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis combined. Pneumonia can be caused by viruses, bacteria or fungi.

How does the society associate with vaccines?

Public health chiefs are planning to get tougher on families who refuse or forget to get their children properly vaccinated against measles, by saying close contacts of probable cases should routinely face temporary exclusion from schools and childcare if they have not had their MMR jabs.

Key facts Rabies occurs in more than 150 countries and territories. More than 55 000 people die of rabies every year mostly in Asia and Africa. 40% of people who are bitten by suspect rabid animals are children under 15 years of age. Dogs are the source of the vast majority of human rabies deaths.

Key facts Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected mosquitoes. In 2010, malaria caused an estimated 655 000 deaths (with an uncertainty range of 537 000 to 907 000), mostly among African children. Malaria is preventable and curable.