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meganduret

Survey Proves We Still Really Need To Talk About Photoshop - 0 views

www.huffingtonpost.com/...op-survey-women_n_4350263.html

Photoshop Relevent

shared by meganduret on 19 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • meganduret on 19 Nov 14
     
    " Huffpost Women Edition: U.S. Newsletters Huffington Post Search Veterans iOS appAndroid appMore Log inCreate Account FRONT PAGE HEALTHY LIVING WEDDINGS DIVORCE STYLE POST50 PARENTS HOME TRAVEL TASTE HUFFPOST LIVE ALL SECTIONS Women Love & Sex Career & Money My Story Women's Health Girls In STEM Third Metric Love Bytes Powerful Women What Your Favorite Wine Says About You The Real Reason Naked Kim Kardashian Is Making People Freak Out These 13 Sex Toys Are Holiday Gifts That Keep On Giving 10 Lessons You Learn From The A**holes In Your Life The Horror Of My First (And Worst) Brazilian Wax The Odd Effect Taking The Pill May Have On Choosing A Partner Tina Fey Summed Up Kim Kardashian's Nude Photo Shoot 3 Years Before It Even Happened Victim Details Alleged Assault: Bill Cosby 'Zeroed In On My Insecurities And Vulnerabilities As A Young Woman' This Artist Is Wearing Lingerie In Public To Reclaim Women's Sexuality The Most Powerful Lessons About Sex Come From The Women Who Aren't Having It What If People Treated Physical Illness Like Mental Illness? This Dude Just Took The Breakup Text To A Whole New, Insane Level 'Orange Is The New Black' Star Breaks Down Talking About Her Parents' Deportation Husband Secretly Films Wife Rapping To Salt-N-Pepa Like No One Is Watching 'Drunk Girl In Public' Actress Says Guys In Video Were 'Perfect Gentlemen' Previous StoryNext Story Survey Proves We Still Really Need To Talk About Photoshop The Huffington Post  | By Alanna Vagianos Email Posted: 11/27/2013 12:53 pm EST Updated: 11/29/2013 12:48 pm EST Share 251 Tweet 79 7 Email 7 Comment 58 There's been a lot of discussion lately about the damaging effects of Photoshop. With all of the media attention the topic receives, some could assume that the use of Photoshop on the vast majority of people seen in magazines, on movie posters and in advertisements is common knowledge. But according to a recent One Poll survey, many people still don't fully understand the p
acatlin22

Engineers propose new approach to single-ventricle heart surgery for infants -- Science... - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...141106104038.htm

shared by acatlin22 on 13 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • The new approach would potentially reduce the number of surgeries the patients have to undergo in the first six months of life from two to just one
  • it would also create a more stable circuit for blood to flow from the heart to the lungs and the rest of the body within the first days and months of life.
  • Engineers ran computer simulations of the surgery and found it would reduce the workload on the patient's heart by as much as half. It would also increase blood flow to the lungs and increase the amount of oxygen the body receives.
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  • Currently, they undergo three surgeries by age three.
  • The first surgery is performed in the first few days of life and installs a small GoreTex tube to connect the pulmonary arteries with a blood vessel off the aorta. That 3.5-millimeter shunt becomes the only source of blood to the infants' lungs -- essentially their only source of oxygen. There is a 30 percent mortality rate associated with this surgery.
  • Between 3 to 6 months, surgeons remove the shunt and connect the superior vena cava to the pulmonary artery. At that stage, half the blood flow needed for oxygenation goes through this circuit created by the physicians.
  • At around age 3, a third surgery, called a Fontan, connects both the inferior and superior vena cava to the pulmonary arteries, usually in a T-shaped configuration. Experience has shown that jumping directly to the second step too early in the child's life, without allowing sufficient time for patients to grow, resulted in very high fatality rates for pediatric patients.
  • This would create what's known in fluid mechanics as an ejector pump
  • Engineers are proposing to combine the first and second steps of the surgery, with a small modification.
  • he clipped shunt creates what's called a Venturi effect, driving a low-pressure flow stream with an injection of a high-pressure flow stream and causing the speed of the blood flow to increase.
  • The shunt could be closed later, when circulation improves, via a catheter -- a much less invasive procedure.
  • n 2009, she and colleagues proposed a custom-made Y-shaped design for the Fontan surgery, rather than the traditional T-shaped connection used. In 2010-11, six patients underwent a Y-graft surgery at Stanford University.
  • Researchers also found that the Y-graft reduced energy losses in the blood flow and distributed blood flow more evenly to both lungs.
  • Marsden and her colleagues hope that SimVascular may be used in the future to impact a wide range of cardiovascular surgeries and devices in children and adults.
  • They propose to have the shunt, slightly clipped, go into the superior vena cava, while also connecting the superior vena cava to the pulmonary arteries.
Aaron Stanoch

The Vatican's View of Evolution: Pope Paul II and Pope Pius - 0 views

law2.umkc.edu/...vaticanview.html

shared by Aaron Stanoch on 20 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • The Vatican's View of Evolution: The Story of Two Popes
  • H. L. Mencken expressed admiration for how Catholics handled the evolution issue: [The advantage of Catholics] lies in the simple fact that they do not have to decide either for Evolution or against it.  Authority has not spoken on the subject; hence it puts no burden upon conscience, and may be discussed realistically and without prejudice.  A certain wariness, of course, is necessary.  I say that authority has not spoken; it may, however, speak tomorrow, and so the prudent man remembers his step.  But in the meanwhile there is nothing to prevent him examining all available facts, and even offering arguments in support of them or against them—so long as those arguments are not presented as dogma.  (STJ, 163)
  • The Pope declared: The Teaching Authority of the Church does not forbid that, in conformity with the present state of human sciences and sacred theology, research and discussions, on the part of men experiences in both fields, take place with regard to the doctrine of evolution, in as far as it inquires into the origin of the human body as coming from pre-existent and living matter—for the Catholic faith obliges us to hold that souls are immediately created by God.
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  •   The document makes plain the pope’s fervent hope that evolution will prove to be a passing scientific fad, and it attacks those persons who “imprudently and indiscreetly hold that evolution …explains the origin of all things.”  Nonetheless, Pius XII states that nothing in Catholic doctrine is contradicted by a theory that suggests one specie might evolve into another—even if that specie is man
  • In other words, the Pope could live with evolution, so long as the process of “ensouling” humans was left to God.
  • ope really said, “the theory evolution is more than one hypothesis,” not “the theory of evolution is more than a hypothesis.”  If that were so, the Pope might have been suggesting that there are multiple theories of evolution, and all of them might be wrong.
  •   Perhaps, some creationists argued, the p
acatlin22

Sorting bloodborne cancer cells to better predict spread of disease -- ScienceDaily - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...141106103925.htm

shared by acatlin22 on 13 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Researchers are very interested in leveraging these circulating tumor cells, or CTCs, which have the potential to allow the properties of a tumor to be better understood without a biopsy, and may also help physicians recognize how aggressive a tumor is and whether it is likely to cause metastatic disease.
  • Recent discoveries have shown that CTCs are highly heterogeneous -- with individual cancer cells possessing very different molecular characteristics -- and that only a small subset of these cells actually possess the metastatic potential to spread the disease throughout the body.
  • Current technologies exist that allow these circulating cells to be captured from the blood of cancer patients, but they are not well equipped to differentiate between the various CTCs present in the blood sample
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  • . Instead, they simply count the number of CTCs in a patient sample, rather than identifying the cells that possess the highest metastatic potential. As a result, these tools are less than ideal as they are only able to provide general information on the levels of CTCs rather than a more focused understanding of the disease and its aggressiveness.
  • Researchers at the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy at the University of Toronto have developed a new device that provides a way to visualize the heterogeneity of CTCs, and have published their findings in the Chemistry journal Angewandte Chemie.
  • "Ultimately, we believe that this sensitive technology possesses the potential to provide more useful information about these cells, leading to better diagnoses and improved patient outcomes," notes Dr. Kelley.
  • "Recognizing that characterizing the phenotype of circulating tumor cells is more useful for cancer management than quantitating the cells present in a blood sample, we set out to devise a method that would allow us to capture and distinguish between these cells,
  • In the lab, we were able to demonstrate that the tool was not only highly effective at differentiating these cells, but also proved to be more sensitive than the current leading methods of cellular sorting."
  • esearchers collected samples from prostate cancer patients to test the efficacy and ability of the diagnostic platform.
  • Using nanoparticles to tag cells, this device sorts the CTCs collected in a sample into discrete subpopulations based on the phenotype of the cells, and provides a snapshot of the nature of the tumor cells present in patients' blood.
  • excited to pursue new research opportunities in an effort to more accurately and less invasively diagnose and improve the health outcomes for cancer patients."
andrewzachman

Placebo Effect - 0 views

www.cancer.org/...placebo-effect

shared by andrewzachman on 19 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • A placebo (pluh-see-bow) is a substance or other kind of treatment that looks just like a regular treatment or medicine, but is not. It’s actually an inactive “look-alike” treatment or substance. This means it’s not a medicine.
  • Sometimes the placebo is in the form of a “sugar pill,” but a placebo can also be an injection, a liquid, or even a procedure. It’s designed to look like a real treatment, but doesn’t directly affect the illness.
  • placebos seem to affect how people feel. This happens in up to 1 out of 3 people. A change in a person’s symptoms as a result of getting a placebo is called the placebo effect
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  • If there’s no approved treatment for an illness or condition, some people in the study may be given a placebo, while others get the new treatment being tested. The main reason to have a placebo group is to be sure that any effects that happen are actually caused by the treatment and not some other factor.
  • The placebo looks, tastes, or feels just like the actual treatment
  • The placebo control makes it possible to “blind” patients and doctors to what treatment they’re getting. This is called a double-blind controlled study, and neither the volunteers taking part in the study nor their doctors know who’s getting which treatment
  • It’s more likely in studies that require patient reporting for symptoms like depression, sleeplessness, or pain.
  • Those who get placebos in medical studies serve an important role. Their responses help provide a good way to measure the actual effect of the treatment being tested
  • The nocebo effect
  • In the past, some researchers have questioned whether there’s convincing proof that the placebo effect is a real effect
  • The expectation effect
  • The conditioning effect
  • For instance, illnesses that sometimes go away on their own might be thought to get better because of the medicine, unless there’s a placebo group and those people get better too.
  • any ancient cultures depended on mind-body connections to treat illness.
  • But their healing powers may have worked partly through the patient’s strong belief that the shaman’s treatments would restore health.
  • Because placebos often have an effect, even if the effect doesn’t last long, some people think that the placebo produced a cure.
  • If the patient believes in the treatment and wants it to work,
chelseysue13

Helen Keller - Biography - Educator, Journalist - Biography.com - 0 views

www.biography.com/...helen-keller-9361967

shared by chelseysue13 on 19 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • In 1882, however, Keller contracted an illness—called "brain fever" by the family doctor—that produced a high body temperature. The true nature of the illness remains a mystery today, though some experts believe it might have been scarlet fever or meningitis. Within a few days after the fever broke, Keller's mother noticed that her daughter didn't show any reaction when the dinner bell was rung, or when a hand was waved in front of her face. Keller had lost both her sight and hearing. She was just 18 months old. As Keller grew into childhood, she developed a limited method of communication with her companion, Martha Washington, the young daughter of the family cook. The two had created a type of sign language, and by the time Keller was 7, they had invented more than 60 signs to communicate with each other. But Keller had become very wild and unruly during this time. She would kick and scream when angry, and giggle uncontrollably when happy. She tormented Martha and inflicted raging tantrums on her parents. Many family relatives felt she should be institutionalized.
Aaron Stanoch

Early Theories of Evolution: Darwin and Natural Selection - 0 views

anthro.palomar.edu/...evolve_2.htm

shared by Aaron Stanoch on 19 Nov 14 - Cached
  • Most educated people in Europe and the Americas during the 19th century had their first full exposure to the concept of evolution through the writings of Charles Darwin
  • the idea of evolution had been strongly associated with radical scientific and political views coming out of post-revolutionary France
  • He became very interested in the scientific ideas of the geologist Adam Sedgwick and the naturalist John Henslow with whom he spent considerable time collecting specimens from the countryside around the university
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  •   Especially important was his 5 weeks long visit to the Galápagos Islands in the Eastern Pacific Ocean.  It was there that he made the observations that eventually led him to comprehend what causes plants and animals to evolve, but he apparently did not clearly formulate his views on this until 1837.
  • Darwin was struck by the fact that the birds were slightly different from one island to another.
  • He realized that the key to why this difference existed was connected with the fact that the various species live in different kinds of environments.
  • On returning to England, Darwin and an ornithologist associate identified 13 species of finches that he had collected on the Galápagos Islands.  This was puzzling since he knew of only one species of this bird on the mainland of South America, nearly 600 miles to the east, where they had all presumably originated.  He observed that the Galápagos species differed from each other in beak size and shape.  He also noted that the beak varieties were associated with diets based on different foods.  He concluded that when the original South American finches reached the islands, they dispersed to different environments where they had to adapt to different conditions.  Over many generations, they changed anatomically in ways that allowed them to get enough food and survive to reproduce.  This observation was verified by intensive field research in the last quarter of the 20th century.
  • Those individuals having a variation that gives them an advantage in staying alive long enough to successfully reproduce are the ones that pass on their traits more frequently to the next generation.  Subsequently, their traits become more common and the population evolves.  Darwin called this "descent with modification."
  • An example of evolution resulting from natural selection was discovered among "peppered" moths living near English industrial cities.  These insects have varieties that vary in wing and body coloration from light to dark.  During the 19th century, sooty smoke from coal burning furnaces killed the lichen on trees and darkened the bark.  When moths landed on these trees and other blackened surfaces, the dark colored ones were harder to spot by birds who ate them and, subsequently, they more often lived long enough to reproduce.  Over generations, the environment continued to favor darker moths.  As a result, they progressively became more common.  By 1895, 98% of the moths in the vicinity of English cities like Manchester were mostly black.  Since the 1950's, air pollution controls have significantly reduced the amount of heavy particulate air pollutants reaching the trees, buildings, and other objects in the environment.   As a result, lichen has grown back, making trees lighter in color.  In addition, once blackened buildings were cleaned making them lighter in color.  Now, natural selection favors lighter moth varieties so they have become the most common.  This trend has been well documented by field studies undertaken between 1959 and 1995 by Sir Cyril Clarke from the University of Liverpool.  The same pattern of moth wing color evolutionary change in response to increased and later decreased air pollution has been carefully documented by other researchers for the countryside around Detroit, Michigan.  While it is abundantly clear that there has been an evolution in peppered moth coloration due to the advantage of camouflage over the last two centuries, it is important to keep in mind that this story of natural selection in action is incomplete.  There may have been additional natural selection factors involved.
  • The Galápagos finches provide an excellent example of this process.  Among the birds that ended up in arid environments, the ones with beaks better suited for eating cactus got more food.  As a result, they were in better condition to mate.  Similarly, those with beak shapes that were better suited to getting nectar from flowers or eating hard seeds in other environments were at an advantage there.  In a very real sense, nature selected the best adapted varieties to survive and to reproduce.  This process has come to be known as natural selection.
  • evolution occurs as a result of natural selection implied that chance plays a major role
  • He understood that it is a matter of luck whether any individuals in a population have variations that will allow them to survive and reproduce.  If no such variations exist, the population rapidly goes extinct because it cannot adapt to a changing environment
  • It was not until he was 50 years old, in 1859, that Darwin finally published his theory of evolution in full for his fellow scientists and for the public at large.  He did so in a 490 page book entitled On the Origin of Species
  • If natural selection were the only process occurring, each generation should have less variation until all members of a population are essentially identical, or clones of each other.  That does not happen.  Each new generation has new variations
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