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"Self-other agreement in MSF ratings is influenced by characteristics of both raters and ratees. Managers, appraisers, and others responsible for interpreting and reviewing feedback results with the doctor need to be aware of these influences."

"Longitudinal, integrated clinical placement models can be understood as SLSs comprising synergistic and complementary learning spaces, in which students engage and participate in multiple CoPs. This occurs in a context shaped by unique influences of the geography of place. This engagement provides for a range of student learning experiences, which contribute to clinical learning and the development of a more sophisticated professional identity. A range of pedagogical and practical strategies can be embedded within this SLS to enhance student learning."

"But should all social determinants be treated with equal concern? In other words, are certain determinants more important than others in influencing the health of populations?"

"The richness of the informal curriculum in a longitudinal rural placement powerfully influenced students' intentions to practise rurally. It provided an important context for learning and evolving notions of professionalism and rural professional identity. This richness could be reinforced by developing formal curricula using educational activities based around service-led and interprofessional learning. To overcome the contextual barriers, the rural workforce development model needs to focus on socialising medical students into rural and remote medicine. More generic issues include student selection, further expansion of structured vocational training pathways that vertically integrate with longitudinal rural placements and the maintenance of rurally focused support throughout postgraduate training."

The 360-degree assessment is a new paradigm in medical evaluation in which a trainee is evaluated by multiple people in his or her sphere of influence. Evaluators measure identical parameters using the same rating scale, with an additional subset of uniquely designed items to capture areas particular to certain groups.

" We stress the importance of ambient and contextual influences on the quality of individual decision making and the need to address factors known to impair calibration of the decision maker. We also emphasise the importance of introducing these concepts and corollary development of training in critical thinking in the undergraduate level in medical education. "

"In this report, the determinants and characteristics of the major CDRs and ADRs are reviewed, as are a variety of de-biasing strategies that may mitigate their influence."

"It may be postulated that the improvement in students' self-perceptions of equality and diversity over the past 12 years may have been influenced by a generational acceptance of cultural diversity and, the inclusion of diversity training courses within the medical curriculum. Diversity training related to race and sexual orientation should be expanded, including a follow-up survey to assess the effectiveness of any intervention."

The Internet increasingly serves as a platform for the delivery of public health interventions. The efficacy of Internet interventions has been demonstrated across a wide range of conditions. Much more work remains, however, to enhance the potential for broad population dissemination of Internet interventions. In this article, we examine the effectiveness of Internet interventions, with particular attention to their dissemination potential. We discuss several considerations (characterizing reach rates, minimizing attrition, promoting Web site utilization, use of tailored messaging and social networking) that may improve the implementation of Internet interventions and their associated outcomes. We review factors that may influence the adoption of Internet interventions in a range of potential dissemination settings. Finally, we present several recommendations for future research that highlight the potential importance of better understanding intervention reach, developing consensus regarding Web site usage metrics, and more broadly integrating Web 2.0 functionality.

medical professionals healthcare hospitals schools labs database search dB doctors healthcare opinion-leaders key opinion leaders social-network-analysis SNA people pharma pharmaceutical marketing decision-makers decisionmakers influence

"Fairs provide medical students exposure to rural health issues through the valuable opportunity of using risk factor screening tools and counseling. This provides valuable information to patients of rural communities. Future research should examine how fairs influence student knowledge and attitudes toward rural health and affect health outcomes."

Their involvement as unique individuals will generate sets of challenges likely to influence simulation success, namely: learner-focussed, educator-focussed, situation-focussed, and curriculum focussed challenges respectively. The chapter ends with a summary of the ways educators might deal with inherent challenges confronting the use of simulation in healthcare settings.

Diagnosis is the foundation of medicine. Effective treatment cannot begin until an accurate diagnosis has been made. Diagnostic reasoning is a critical aspect of clinical performance. It is vulnerable to a variety of failings, the most prevalent arising through cognitive and affective influences. The impact of diagnostic failure on patient safety does not appear to have been fully recognized. Ideally, all information used in diagnostic reasoning is objective and all thinking is logical and valid, but these conditions are not always met.

"Our aim was to understand the key variables influencing this educational process, identify gaps in the evidence, and to explore any implications for educational practice and research."

Based on the results of this study, the use of social media applications may be seen as an efficient and effective method for physicians to keep up-to-date and to share newly acquired medical knowledge with other physicians within the medical community and to improve the quality of patient care. Future studies are needed to examine the impact of the meaningful use of social media on physicians' knowledge, attitudes, skills, and behaviors in practice.

Although operating theater attendance is recognized as an important component of the medical school curriculum, overall attendance at sessions was low. Attendance could be increased by ensuring students knowing what is expected of them, making them feel welcome, setting learning objectives, and allowed them to actively participate. These results highlight the need to ensure that the time spent by medical students in the operating room is positive and maximized to its full potential through structured learning involving all members of the theater team.

Research shows that many doctors rely more on the pharmaceutical industry's own information about a medication than on checking independent sources for evaluations of the drug.

"Diagnostic accuracy was moderately associated with higher certainty only when clinical data were consistent. This correlation disappeared when incon sistent data were provided, possi bly reflecting changes in reasoning strategies among diagnostically success ful trainees. The relationship between certainty and diagnostic accuracy is context dependent. Certainty is an unreliable surrogate for diagnostic accuracy."