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Here, we show that practicing retrieval produces greater gains in meaningful learning than elaborative studying with concept mapping. The advantage of retrieval practice generalized across texts identical to those commonly found in science education. The advantage of retrieval practice was observed with test questions that assessed comprehension and required students to make inferences. The advantage of retrieval practice occurred even when the criterial test involved creating concept maps. Our findings support the theory that retrieval practice enhances learning by retrieval-specific mechanisms rather than by elaborative study processes. Retrieval practice is an effective tool to promote conceptual learning about science.

New knowledge is rapidly altering the basic sciences that are fundamental to the practice of medicine. To address this concern, the Association of American Medical Colleges and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute convened a group of scientists, physicians, and science educators to identify the essential scientific background physicians in the 21st century will need. The resulting report, Scientific Foundations for Future Physicians, lays out a series of scientific competencies that students must master prior to attending medical school and medical students must understand upon completion of their M.D..

Within3 is the private professional networking site exclusively for health and life science practitioners to find, connect and collaborate with the right colleague, right now.

This wiki collects information about tools and resources that can help scholars (particularly in the humanities and social sciences) conduct research more efficiently or creatively. Whether you need software to help you manage citations, author a multimedia work, or analyze texts, Digital Research Tools will help you find what you're looking for. We provide a directory of tools organized by research activity, as well as reviews of select tools in which we not only describe the tool's features, but also explore how it might be employed most effectively by researchers.

Welcome! This website is for people involved in applied social research and evaluation. You'll find lots of resources and links to other locations on the Web that deal in applied social research methods.