This study identifies the difficulties that urban students face in the high stake testing environment that they are currently in. The learning gap was attributed to the lack of study skills and strategies along with having difficulty managing distractions.

This is an interview of Michael Horn who is an advocate of Blended Learning. In his interview he deals with the topics of student motivation and the use of blended learning to close student learning gaps.

This article identifies the Culturally Responsive Instruction Observation Protocol (CRIOP). It highlights the gap that middle class white students have with black, poor, or Hispanic students and introduces teaching strategies to incorporate cultural knowledge.