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A culture of critical collaboration reframes the concept of failure. In the design studio, mini "failures" are endemic--but they are known by less pejorative names: prototyping, modeling, tinkering, discovery. The real secret of design is that (shh!) we never get it right the first time.

Comprehensive reporting involves assessing students using three standards: established, emerging and developing. This style of reporting has been used at the elementary school level for some time. But when students reach junior high, most jurisdictions switch to letter grades or marks.