new skills are best acquired when students notice and understand
language acquisition
Students must have a strong command of the grammar and usage of spoken and written standard English to succeed academically and professionally.
grammar
usage
devise instructional approaches to replicate this success for other un-mastered language content and skills
explicit instruction
scaffold instruction
build upon prior knowledge
this comma and period inside the quotation marks business is strictly American usage. The British don't do it that way. They are inclined to place commas and periods logically rather than conventionally, depending on whether the punctuation belongs to the quotation or to the sentence that contains the quotation
that this comma and period inside the quotation marks business is strictly American usage. The British don't do it that way.
differentiate
comprehensible
oral language
input
pay attention to how you’re using the active and passive voices
even more important is the matter of consistency
usage issues
skill and content areas
we want to make sure our best feet are forward. That means making sure errors like typos or poor grammar don’t detract from what we have to say
make a conscious effort to use them in a way that produces clear, direct, and compelling posts
help the student practice skills and content already learned
Teach language form and meaning concurrently.
active listening
inside the U.S., periods and commas go inside quotation marks
Think about each sentence
what do you want to emphasize?
How can you construct a sentence that gets your point across and is engaging to read?
The rules in American English are different from the rules in British English
meaning influences form
Form influences meaning
In America, we use a hard-and-fast rule that was supposedly designed by compositors to protect the tiny commas and periods (1, 2). We always put periods and commas inside quotation marks.
interactive discussion
inform the student as to “what is correct and what is not” via immediate feedback
provide a meaningful rationale
analyze how writers and speakers use the language skill and content
Some emphasize the verb as the key part of speech, showing students how the sentence is built around it and how vivid verbs create vivid sentences.
It’s one thing to read about the rules, but another to put them into practice.
When combining exclamation points and question marks with quotation marks, however, Americans follow the same logical system as the British. Where you place the other marks relative to the quotation mark depends on the context of the quotation.
If the whole sentence, including the quotation, is a question or an exclamation, then the question mark or exclamation point goes outside the closing quotation mark; but if only the part inside the quotation marks is a question or exclamation, then the question mark or exclamation point goes inside the closing quotation mark.
In Britain, they use rules that require the writer to determine whether the period or comma belong with the quotation or are part of the larger sentence.
think about the function of voice when evaluating your writing
In American English, periods and commas always go inside the closing quotation mark
semicolons, colons, asterisks, and dashes always go outside the closing quotation mark
question marks and exclamation points require that you analyze the sentence and make a decision based on context
if you are an American, you need to keep your commas and periods inside your closing quotation marks, where they belong
why, you may ask, do they belong there?
Writing
Spelling/Vocabulary
only American printers were more attached to convenience than logic
began as enhancements to C, first adding classes, then virtual functions, operator overloading, multiple inheritance, templates, and exception handling among other features.
to provide computer access to non-science students. At the time, nearly all use of computers required writing custom software, which was something only scientists and mathematicians tended to do.
uses the structural conventions of a programming language, but is intended for human reading rather than machine reading.
augmented with natural language descriptions of the details, where convenient, or with compact mathematical notation.
The purpose of using pseudocode is that it is easier for humans to understand than conventional programming language code, and that it is a compact and environment-independent description of the key principles of an algorithm
commonly used in textbooks and scientific publications that are documenting various algorithms, and also in planning of computer program development, for sketching out the structure of the program before the actual coding takes place.
No standard for pseudocode syntax exists, as a program in pseudocode is not an executable program. Pseudocode resembles, but should not be confused with, skeleton programs including dummy code, which can be compiled without errors.
Flowcharts can be thought of as a graphical alternative to pseudocode.
<variable> = <expression>
IF <condition>
DO stuff;
ELSE
DO other stuff;
Clarke's Three Laws are three "laws" of prediction formulated by the British writer and scientist Arthur C. Clarke. They are:
When a distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is possible, he is almost certainly right; when he states that something is impossible, he is probably wrong.
The only way of discovering the limits of the possible is to venture a little way past them into the impossible.
Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.
Speculative fiction is an umbrella term encompassing the more highly imaginative fiction genres, specifically science fiction, fantasy, horror, supernatural fiction, superhero fiction, utopian and dystopian fiction, apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction, and alternate history