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Docker is developed in the Go language and utilizes LXC, cgroups, and the Linux kernel itself. Since it’s based on LXC, a Docker container does not include a separate operating system; instead it relies on the operating system’s own functionality as provided by the underlying infrastructure.

a VE there is no preloaded emulation manager software as in a VM.

LXC will boast bare metal performance characteristics because it only packages the needed applications.

a VM, which packages the entire OS and machine setup, including hard drive, virtual processors and network interfaces. The resulting bloated mass usually takes a long time to boot and consumes a lot of CPU and RAM.

don’t offer some other neat features of VM’s such as IaaS setups and live migration.

LXC as supercharged chroot on Linux. It allows you to not only isolate applications, but even the entire OS.

Libvirt, which allows the use of containers through the LXC driver by connecting to 'lxc:///'.

'LXC', is not compatible with libvirt, but is more flexible with more userspace tools.

Portable deployment across machines

Versioning: Docker includes git-like capabilities for tracking successive versions of a container

Component reuse: Docker allows building or stacking of already created packages.

Shared libraries: There is already a public registry (http://index.docker.io/ ) where thousands have already uploaded the useful containers they have created.

Docker taking the devops world by storm since its launch back in 2013.

LXC, while older, has not been as popular with developers as Docker has proven to be

LXC having a focus on sys admins that’s similar to what solutions like the Solaris operating system, with its Solaris Zones, Linux OpenVZ, and FreeBSD, with its BSD Jails virtualization system

it started out being built on top of LXC, Docker later moved beyond LXC containers to its own execution environment called libcontainer.

LXC tooling sticks close to what system administrators running bare metal servers are used to

The LXC command line provides essential commands that cover routine management tasks, including the creation, launch, and deletion of LXC containers.

Docker containers aim to be even lighter weight in order to support the fast, highly scalable, deployment of applications with microservice architecture.

With backing from Canonical, LXC and LXD have an ecosystem tightly bound to the rest of the open source Linux community.

Docker Swarm

Docker Trusted Registry

Docker Compose

Docker Machine

Kubernetes facilitates the deployment of containers in your data center by representing a cluster of servers as a single system.

Swarm is Docker’s clustering, scheduling and orchestration tool for managing a cluster of Docker hosts. 

rkt is a security minded container engine that uses KVM for VM-based isolation and packs other enhanced security features. 

Apache Mesos can run different kinds of distributed jobs, including containers. 

Elastic Container Service is Amazon’s service for running and orchestrating containerized applications on AWS

LXC offers the advantages of a VE on Linux, mainly the ability to isolate your own private workloads from one another. It is a cheaper and faster solution to implement than a VM, but doing so requires a bit of extra learning and expertise.