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Serverless was first used to describe applications that significantly or fully
depend on 3rd party applications / services (‘in the cloud’) to manage server-side
logic and state.
‘rich client’ applications (think single page
web apps, or mobile apps) that use the vast ecosystem of cloud accessible
databases (like Parse, Firebase), authentication services (Auth0, AWS Cognito),
etc.
Serverless can also mean applications where some amount of server-side logic
is still written by the application developer but unlike traditional architectures
is run in stateless compute containers that are event-triggered, ephemeral (may
only last for one invocation), and fully managed by a 3rd party.
‘Functions as a service
AWS Lambda is one of the most popular implementations of FaaS at present,
A good example is
Auth0 - they started initially with BaaS ‘Authentication
as a Service’, but with Auth0 Webtask they are entering the
FaaS space.
a typical ecommerce app
a backend data-processing service
with zero administration.
FaaS offerings do not require coding to a specific framework or
library.
Horizontal scaling is completely automatic, elastic, and managed by the
provider
Functions in FaaS are triggered by event types defined by the provider.
a FaaS-supported message broker
from a
deployment-unit point of view FaaS functions are stateless.
allowed the client direct access to a
subset of our database
deleted the authentication logic in the original application and have
replaced it with a third party BaaS service
The client is in fact well on its way to becoming a Single Page Application.
implement a FaaS function that responds to http requests via an
API Gateway
port the search code from the Pet Store server to the Pet Store Search
function
replaced a long lived consumer application with a
FaaS function that runs within the event driven context
server
applications - is a key difference when comparing with other modern
architectural trends like containers and PaaS
the only code that needs to
change when moving to FaaS is the ‘main method / startup’ code, in that it is
deleted, and likely the specific code that is the top-level message handler
(the ‘message listener interface’ implementation), but this might only be a change
in method signature
With FaaS you need to write the function ahead of time to assume parallelism
Most providers also allow functions to be triggered as a response to inbound
http requests, typically in some kind of API gateway
you should assume that for any given
invocation of a function none of the in-process or host state that you create
will be available to any subsequent invocation.
FaaS
functions are either naturally stateless
store
state across requests or for further input to handle a request.
certain classes of long lived task are not suited to FaaS
functions without re-architecture
if you were writing a
low-latency trading application you probably wouldn’t want to use FaaS systems
at this time
An
API Gateway is an HTTP server where routes / endpoints are defined in
configuration and each route is associated with a FaaS function.
API
Gateway will allow mapping from http request parameters to inputs arguments
for the FaaS function
API Gateways may also perform authentication, input validation,
response code mapping, etc.
the Serverless Framework makes working
with API Gateway + Lambda significantly easier than using the first principles
provided by AWS.
Apex - a project to
‘Build, deploy, and manage AWS Lambda functions with ease.'
'Serverless'
to mean the union of a couple of other ideas - 'Backend as a Service' and
'Functions as a Service'.
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