two major camps. There were those who sought to modernize and professionalize
established ideologies of racial advancement, solidarity, and uplift through a
New Negro progressivism.... Others.. questioned, if not the very idea of racial
solidarity itself, then at least the obligation of racial allegiance and
respectability, and instead touted a radical individualism and independence from
all but the most personal allegiances to 'art' or 'self' or some other
self-generated ideal."