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Trapper Callender

Man-Computer Symbiosis - 2 views

  • In short, it seems worthwhile to avoid argument with (other) enthusiasts for artificial intelligence by conceding dominance in the distant future of cerebration to machines alone.
  • There will nevertheless be a fairly long interim during which the main intellectual advances will be made by men and computers working together in intimate association. A multidisciplinary study group, examining future research and development problems of the Air Force, estimated that it would be 1980 before developments in artificial intelligence make it possible for machines alone to do much thinking or problem solving of military significance. That would leave, say, five years to develop man-computer symbiosis and 15 years to use it. The 15 may be 10 or 500, but those years should be intellectually the most creative and exciting in the history of mankind.
  • It is often said that programming for a computing machine forces one to think clearly, that it disciplines the thought process. If the user can think his problem through in advance, symbiotic association with a computing machine is not necessary.
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  • They would be easier to solve, and they could be solved faster, through an intuitively guided trial-and-error procedure in which the computer cooperated, turning up flaws in the reasoning or revealing unexpected turns in the solution.
  • Poincare anticipated the frustration of an important group of would-be computer users when he said, "The question is not, 'What is the answer?' The question is, 'What is the question?'" One of the main aims of man-computer symbiosis is to bring the computing machine effectively into the formulative parts of technical problems.
  • It is to bring computing machines effectively into processes of thinking that must go on in "real time," time that moves too fast to permit using computers in conventional ways.
  • To think in interaction with a computer in the same way that you think with a colleague whose competence supplements your own will require much tighter coupling between man and machine than is suggested by the example and than is possible today.
  • Throughout the period I examined, in short, my "thinking" time was devoted mainly to activities that were essentially clerical or mechanical: searching, calculating, plotting, transforming, determining the logical or dynamic consequences of a set of assumptions or hypotheses, preparing the way for a decision or an insight. Moreover, my choices of what to attempt and what not to attempt were determined to an embarrassingly great extent by considerations of clerical feasibility, not intellectual capability.
  • the operations that fill most of the time allegedly devoted to technical thinking are operations that can be performed more effectively by machines than by men.
  • If those problems can be solved in such a way as to create a symbiotic relation between a man and a fast information-retrieval and data-processing machine, however, it seems evident that the cooperative interaction would greatly improve the thinking process.
  • Computing machines can do readily, well, and rapidly many things that are difficult or impossible for man, and men can do readily and well, though not rapidly, many things that are difficult or impossible for computers. That suggests that a symbiotic cooperation, if successful in integrating the positive characteristics of men and computers, would be of great value. The differences in speed and in language, of course, pose difficulties that must be overcome.
  • Men will fill in the gaps, either in the problem solution or in the computer program, when the computer has no mode or routine that is applicable in a particular circumstance.
  • Clearly, for the sake of efficiency and economy, the computer must divide its time among many users. Timesharing systems are currently under active development. There are even arrangements to keep users from "clobbering" anything but their own personal programs.
  • It seems reasonable to envision, for a time 10 or 15 years hence, a "thinking center" that will incorporate the functions of present-day libraries together with anticipated advances in information storage and retrieval and the symbiotic functions suggested earlier in this paper. The picture readily enlarges itself into a network of such centers, connected to one another by wide-band communication lines and to individual users by leased-wire services. In such a system, the speed of the computers would be balanced, and the cost of the gigantic memories and the sophisticated programs would be divided by the number of users.
  • The first thing to face is that we shall not store all the technical and scientific papers in computer memory. We may store the parts that can be summarized most succinctly-the quantitative parts and the reference citations-but not the whole. Books are among the most beautifully engineered, and human-engineered, components in existence, and they will continue to be functionally important within the context of man-computer symbiosis. (Hopefully, the computer will expedite the finding, delivering, and returning of books.)
  • The second point is that a very important section of memory will be permanent: part indelible memory and part published memory. The computer will be able to write once into indelible memory, and then read back indefinitely, but the computer will not be able to erase indelible memory. (It may also over-write, turning all the 0's into l's, as though marking over what was written earlier.) Published memory will be "read-only" memory. It will be introduced into the computer already structured. The computer will be able to refer to it repeatedly, but not to change it.
  • The basic dissimilarity between human languages and computer languages may be the most serious obstacle to true symbiosis.
  • In short: instructions directed to computers specify courses; instructions-directed to human beings specify goals.
  • We may in due course see a serious effort to develop computer programs that can be connected together like the words and phrases of speech to do whatever computation or control is required at the moment. The consideration that holds back such an effort, apparently, is that the effort would produce nothing that would be of great value in the context of existing computers. It would be unrewarding to develop the language before there are any computing machines capable of responding meaningfully to it.
  • By and large, in generally available computers, however, there is almost no provision for any more effective, immediate man-machine communication than can be achieved with an electric typewriter.
  • Displays seem to be in a somewhat better state than controls. Many computers plot graphs on oscilloscope screens, and a few take advantage of the remarkable capabilities, graphical and symbolic, of the charactron display tube. Nowhere, to my knowledge, however, is there anything approaching the flexibility and convenience of the pencil and doodle pad or the chalk and blackboard used by men in technical discussion.
  • 2) Computer-Posted Wall Display: In some technological systems, several men share responsibility for controlling vehicles whose behaviors interact. Some information must be presented simultaneously to all the men, preferably on a common grid, to coordinate their actions. Other information is of relevance only to one or two operators. There would be only a confusion of uninterpretable clutter if all the information were presented on one display to all of them. The information must be posted by a computer, since manual plotting is too slow to keep it up to date.
  • Laboratory experiments have indicated repeatedly that informal, parallel arrangements of operators, coordinating their activities through reference to a large situation display, have important advantages over the arrangement, more widely used, that locates the operators at individual consoles and attempts to correlate their actions through the agency of a computer. This is one of several operator-team problems in need of careful study.
  • 3) Automatic Speech Production and Recognition: How desirable and how feasible is speech communication between human operators and computing machines?
  • Yet there is continuing interest in the idea of talking with computing machines.
  • In large part, the interest stems from realization that one can hardly take a military commander or a corporation president away from his work to teach him to type. If computing machines are ever to be used directly by top-level decision makers, it may be worthwhile to provide communication via the most natural means, even at considerable cost.
  • It seems reasonable, therefore, for computer specialists to be the ones who interact directly with computers in business offices.
  • Certainly, if the equipment were already developed, reliable, and available, it would be used.
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    Man-computer symbiosis is an expected development in cooperative interaction between men and electronic computers. It will involve very close coupling between the human and the electronic members of the partnership. The main aims are 1) to let computers facilitate formulative thinking as they now facilitate the solution of formulated problems, and 2) to enable men and computers to cooperate in making decisions and controlling complex situations without inflexible dependence on predetermined programs. In the anticipated symbiotic partnership, men will set the goals, formulate the hypotheses, determine the criteria, and perform the evaluations. Computing machines will do the routinizable work that must be done to prepare the way for insights and decisions in technical and scientific thinking. Preliminary analyses indicate that the symbiotic partnership will perform intellectual operations much more effectively than man alone can perform them. Prerequisites for the achievement of the effective, cooperative association include developments in computer time sharing, in memory components, in memory organization, in programming languages, and in input and output equipment.
hijcoffeepack

automatic cartoning machine manufacturer - 0 views

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    An automatic cartoning machine also named auto cartoner machine, is a packaging equipment, which inserts products into cartons automatically. The auto cartoner machine has combined the function, sucking cartons, forming cartons, folding leaflets, products, and leaflets together into cartons, printing batch numbers, sealing boxes, and rejecting and transferring the final products out. The automatic cartoning machine can reduce the working intensity and save labor force costs; and improve automation and production efficiency. The auto cartoner machine is widely applied to carton packaging of pharmaceuticals,food, cosmetics, stationery hardware, and so on. HIJPACK is the one of famous automatic cartoning machine manufacturer, which offers a variety of automatic cartoning machines, automatic box packing machines, and automatic cartons, if you want to know more about auto cartoner machines and cartoning machine prices, please do not hesitate to contact us.
hijcoffeepack

coffee capsule powder filling machine - 0 views

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    A coffee capsule filling machine also named coffee capsule packing machine, is a type of packaging machine specifically designed for filling coffee capsules or pods. The coffee capsule packaging machine automates the process of filling individual capsules with ground coffee or instant coffee. These automatic coffee capsule filling machines are highly efficient and can handle high volumes of coffee capsules, allowing for faster production and increased productivity. HIJPACK packaging machinery manufacturer offers a variety of coffee capsule packing machines, coffee capsule powder filling machine, k cup filling machines, if you want to know more about automatic coffee capsule filling machines and coffee capsule filling machine prices, please do not hesitate to contact us.
Mike Wesch

We Are the Web - 0 views

  • supercomputers in part to advance us in that direction. He now believes the first real AI will emerge not in a stand-alone supercomputer like IBM's proposed 23-teraflop Blue Brain, but in the vast digital tangle of the global Machine.
    • Mike Wesch
       
      This is interesting.
    • Mike Wesch
       
      I'm responding to you.
  • the Machine
    • Mike Wesch
       
      the machine is us ...
    • Mike Wesch
       
      the machine is us
  • the Machine
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  • Linking unleashes involvement and interactivity at levels once thought unfashionable or impossible. It transforms reading into navigating and enlarges small actions into powerful forces. For instance, hyperlinks made it much easier to create a seamless, scrolling street map of every town. They made it easier for people to refer to those maps. And hyperlinks made it possible for almost anyone to annotate, amend, and improve any map embedded in the Web. Cartography has gone from spectator art to participatory democracy.
  • This impulse for participation has upended the economy and is steadily turning the sphere of social networking - smart mobs, hive minds, and collaborative action - into the main event.
  • In part because of the ease of creation and dissemination, online culture is the culture.
  • All these numbers are escalating. A simple extrapolation suggests that in the near future, everyone alive will (on average) write a song, author a book, make a video, craft a weblog, and code a program. This idea is less outrageous than the notion 150 years ago that someday everyone would write a letter or take a photograph.
  • prosumption. As with blogging and BitTorrent, prosumers produce and consume at once. The producers are the audience, the act of making is the act of watching, and every link is both a point of departure and a destination.
  • planet-sized computer is comparable in complexity to a human brain.
  • In 10 years, the system will contain hundreds of millions of miles of fiber-optic neurons linking the billions of ant-smart chips embedded into manufactured products, buried in environmental sensors, staring out from satellite cameras, guiding cars, and saturating our world with enough complexity to begin to learn. We will live inside this thing.
  • The Web will be the only OS worth coding for.
  • via phone, PDA, laptop, or HDTV
  • The Machine is an unbounded thing that will take a billion windows to glimpse even part of. It is what you'll see on the other side of any screen.
  • Think of the 100 billion times per day humans click on a Web page as a way of teaching the Machine what we think is important. Each time we forge a link between words, we teach it an idea.
  • a machine that subsumes all other machines so that in effect there is only one Machine, which penetrates our lives to such a degree that it becomes essential to our identity - this will be full of surprises. Especially since it is only the beginning.
stlwdwl1

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Pause-café mode d'emploi DROIT Combien de temps peut durer une pause à la machine à café ? C'est le Code du travail qui fournit la réponse avec l'article L 220-2 : « Aucun temps de travail quotidie...

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hijcoffeepack

horizontal cartoner machines - 0 views

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    The Machine is a specialized piece of equipment used for packaging products in cartons. Unlike the vertical cartoning machine, this machine is designed with a horizontal orientation. It is equipped with advanced technology and features to ensure efficient and precise cartoning operations. The machine can handle a wide range of products, such as bottles, tubes, pouches, and other similar items, and swiftly package them into cartons. The horizontal design of this machine allows for easy loading and packaging of products, making it suitable for use in various industries. With its high-speed capabilities and reliable performance, the horizontal cartoner machines is an ideal solution for automating the packaging process and increasing productivity. For more information please do not hesitate to contact HIJPACK cartoning machine suppliers.
sdzyffkj

automatic spray coating machine - 0 views

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    ZHENYU supplies high-quality automatic spray coating machine benefits for our clients: The automatic spray coating machine is easy to operate, and the construction can be completed automatically by inputting parameters; The overall coating film thickness is accurate and controllable, which can be achieved by fine-tuning the relevant parameters of the automatic spraying equipment; The uniformity of paint film thickness and overall appearance quality on the whole spraying surface are improved; Automatic spray automatic machine improves the utilization rate of paint; Automatic spray coating machine reduces manual repair and grinding assistance; Automatic spray coating machine reduces occupational health hazards; Automatic spray coating machine reduces environmental protection costs; Good interchangeability of the automated spray coating systems: the common spare parts and wearing parts involved in the automatic spray coating machine are standard universal parts, which are easy to purchase.
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cnc edm spark erosion machine - 1 views

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    Die Sinking EDM Machine, also known as CNC die-sinking EDM and CNC Spark Erosion Machine, is a kind EDM machine that utilizes high-frequency power between positive and negative anodes (electrode and workpiece), 3-axis or more axes controlled, to break through the gap between electrode and workpiece, to create high temperature to melt and remove metal to get needed profile cavity. It's like a projective copy of the profile of the electrode on the workpiece.
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    Die Sinking EDM Machine, also known as CNC die-sinking EDM and CNC Spark Erosion Machine, is a kind EDM machine that utilizes high-frequency power between positive and negative anodes (electrode and workpiece), 3-axis or more axes controlled, to break through the gap between electrode and workpiece, to create high temperature to melt and remove metal to get needed profile cavity. It's like a projective copy of the profile of the electrode on the workpiece.
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edm hole drilling machine for sale - 1 views

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    Die Sinking EDM Machine, also known as CNC die-sinking EDM and CNC Spark Erosion Machine, is a kind EDM machine that utilizes high-frequency power between positive and negative anodes (electrode and workpiece), 3-axis or more axes controlled, to break through the gap between electrode and workpiece, to create high temperature to melt and remove metal to get needed profile cavity. It's like a projective copy of the profile of the electrode on the workpiece.
  •  
    Die Sinking EDM Machine, also known as CNC die-sinking EDM and CNC Spark Erosion Machine, is a kind EDM machine that utilizes high-frequency power between positive and negative anodes (electrode and workpiece), 3-axis or more axes controlled, to break through the gap between electrode and workpiece, to create high temperature to melt and remove metal to get needed profile cavity. It's like a projective copy of the profile of the electrode on the workpiece.
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cnc edm wire cut machine - 1 views

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    Die Sinking EDM Machine, also known as CNC die-sinking EDM and CNC Spark Erosion Machine, is a kind EDM machine that utilizes high-frequency power between positive and negative anodes (electrode and workpiece), 3-axis or more axes controlled, to break through the gap between electrode and workpiece, to create high temperature to melt and remove metal to get needed profile cavity. It's like a projective copy of the profile of the electrode on the workpiece.
  •  
    Die Sinking EDM Machine, also known as CNC die-sinking EDM and CNC Spark Erosion Machine, is a kind EDM machine that utilizes high-frequency power between positive and negative anodes (electrode and workpiece), 3-axis or more axes controlled, to break through the gap between electrode and workpiece, to create high temperature to melt and remove metal to get needed profile cavity. It's like a projective copy of the profile of the electrode on the workpiece.
dmncedm dmncedm

large edm machine - 1 views

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    Die Sinking EDM Machine, also known as CNC die-sinking EDM and CNC Spark Erosion Machine, is a kind EDM machine that utilizes high-frequency power between positive and negative anodes (electrode and workpiece), 3-axis or more axes controlled, to break through the gap between electrode and workpiece, to create high temperature to melt and remove metal to get needed profile cavity. It's like a projective copy of the profile of the electrode on the workpiece.
  •  
    Die Sinking EDM Machine, also known as CNC die-sinking EDM and CNC Spark Erosion Machine, is a kind EDM machine that utilizes high-frequency power between positive and negative anodes (electrode and workpiece), 3-axis or more axes controlled, to break through the gap between electrode and workpiece, to create high temperature to melt and remove metal to get needed profile cavity. It's like a projective copy of the profile of the electrode on the workpiece.
dmncedm dmncedm

znc edm machine price - 2 views

  •  
    Die Sinking EDM Machine, also known as CNC die-sinking EDM and CNC Spark Erosion Machine, is a kind EDM machine that utilizes high-frequency power between positive and negative anodes (electrode and workpiece), 3-axis or more axes controlled, to break through the gap between electrode and workpiece, to create high temperature to melt and remove metal to get needed profile cavity. It's like a projective copy of the profile of the electrode on the workpiece.
  •  
    Die Sinking EDM Machine, also known as CNC die-sinking EDM and CNC Spark Erosion Machine, is a kind EDM machine that utilizes high-frequency power between positive and negative anodes (electrode and workpiece), 3-axis or more axes controlled, to break through the gap between electrode and workpiece, to create high temperature to melt and remove metal to get needed profile cavity. It's like a projective copy of the profile of the electrode on the workpiece.
hijcoffeepack

overwrapping machine for sale - 0 views

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    TMB-200 AUTOMATIC OVERWRAPPING MACHINE FOR SALE The Machine is a specialized piece of equipment used for wrapping products in a protective film or overwrap. It is designed to automate the packaging process and ensure efficient and precise wrapping operations. The automatic overwrapping machine is equipped with advanced technology and features, such as adjustable speed, to accommodate different product sizes and materials. Automatic overwrapping machine can handle a wide range of products, including boxes, trays, and other similar items, and swiftly wrap them in a protective film. In addition to automatic overwrapping machines, HIJPACK also offers different types of cellophane machines for sale.
hijcoffeepack

carton opening machine - 0 views

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    The Machine is a specialized piece of equipment used for packaging products in cartons. The carton machine is designed with a vertical opening mechanism, allowing for easy loading of products into the cartons. This carton machine is equipped with advanced technology and features, ensuring precise and efficient cartoning operations. Carton machines can handle a variety of products, such as bottles, tubes, or pouches, and quickly package them into cartons. With its vertical opening design, the machine offers a streamlined and efficient packaging solution for various industries. For more information please do not hesitate to contact HIJPACK cartoning machine suppliers.
sdzyffkj

automatic painting machine supplier - 0 views

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    ZHENYU - Wind Turbine Coating Machine & Automatic Painting Machine Supplier ZHENYU is a leading automatic painting machine supplier of wind turbine coating machines and automatic spray painting machines. As a scientific and technological enterprise, we specialize in the research, development, and production of fully automatic intelligent spraying equipment. Our wind turbine coating machines and automatic spray painting lines, boast independent intellectual property rights and are at the forefront of the industry in China.
hijcoffeepack

cigarette cellophane wrapping machine - 0 views

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    The Machine is a high-performance automatic packaging equipment. It utilizes a full servo drive system, providing precise motion control and stable packaging results. This machine is capable of fully automatic feeding, conveying, stacking, wrapping, forming, sealing, and counting. It is suitable for packaging various products such as food, pharmaceuticals, and health supplements. The TMB-450 offers flexible packaging options that can be adjusted according to customer requirements. It features a user-friendly interface and reliable safety protection devices, ensuring easy and safe operation. The TMB-450 Full Servo 3D Packaging Machine is an ideal choice for improving production efficiency and packaging quality. In addition to automatic overwrapping machines, HIJPACK also offers different types of cellophane wrapping machine for sale.
masquebf1

sweat shirt ralph lauren femme pas cher Chez - 0 views

Les conseils éclairés d'un torréfacteur La machine. Tout en avouant plaider pour sa boutique (Cafés et thés Verlet), le torréfacteur Eric Duchossoy recommande les machines à café en grains tout a...

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auto cut software cnc edm - 1 views

  •  
    Die Sinking EDM Machine, also known as CNC die-sinking EDM and CNC Spark Erosion Machine, is a kind EDM machine that utilizes high-frequency power between positive and negative anodes (electrode and workpiece), 3-axis or more axes controlled, to break through the gap between electrode and workpiece, to create high temperature to melt and remove metal to get needed profile cavity. It's like a projective copy of the profile of the electrode on the workpiece.
  •  
    Die Sinking EDM Machine, also known as CNC die-sinking EDM and CNC Spark Erosion Machine, is a kind EDM machine that utilizes high-frequency power between positive and negative anodes (electrode and workpiece), 3-axis or more axes controlled, to break through the gap between electrode and workpiece, to create high temperature to melt and remove metal to get needed profile cavity. It's like a projective copy of the profile of the electrode on the workpiece.
dmncedm dmncedm

cnc edm die sinker - 1 views

  •  
    Die Sinking EDM Machine, also known as CNC die-sinking EDM and CNC Spark Erosion Machine, is a kind EDM machine that utilizes high-frequency power between positive and negative anodes (electrode and workpiece), 3-axis or more axes controlled, to break through the gap between electrode and workpiece, to create high temperature to melt and remove metal to get needed profile cavity. It's like a projective copy of the profile of the electrode on the workpiece.
  •  
    Die Sinking EDM Machine, also known as CNC die-sinking EDM and CNC Spark Erosion Machine, is a kind EDM machine that utilizes high-frequency power between positive and negative anodes (electrode and workpiece), 3-axis or more axes controlled, to break through the gap between electrode and workpiece, to create high temperature to melt and remove metal to get needed profile cavity. It's like a projective copy of the profile of the electrode on the workpiece.
Mike Wesch

Internet of Things Can Make Us Human Again - 14 views

  • Orban's dream is that thousands of years of human subservience to machines will end because we will teach our machines how to not only take care of themselves, but how to take care of us as well.
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    "Orban's dream is that thousands of years of human subservience to machines will end because we will teach our machines how to not only take care of themselves, but how to take care of us as well. "
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