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Parin Sharma

GRUB bootloader - Full tutorial - 0 views

www.dedoimedo.com/...grub.html

GRUB tutorial linux bootloader

shared by Parin Sharma on 22 Jul 10 - Cached
  • Primary partitions are marked from 0 to 3 (hd?,0), (hd?,1), (hd?,2), (hd?,3). Logical partitions in the extended partition are counted from 4 up, regardless of the actual number of primary partitions on the hard disk, e.g. (hd1,7).
  • As the name implies, GRUB passes the control of the boot sequence to another bootloader, located on the device to which the menu entry points. This can be a Windows operating system, but also any other, including Linux.
Parin Sharma

How the Linux kernel works | TuxRadar Linux - 0 views

www.tuxradar.com/...how-linux-kernel-works

how to linux kernel FOSS GNU

shared by Parin Sharma on 08 Mar 10 - Cached
  • The kernel makes its services available to the application programs that run on it through a large collection of entry points, known technically as system calls.
  • From a programmer's viewpoint, these look just like ordinary function calls, although in reality a system call involves a distinct switch in the operating mode of the processor from user space to kernel space. Together, the repertoire of system calls provides a 'Linux virtual machine', which can be thought of as an abstraction of the underlying hardware.
  • An even less visible function of the kernel, even to programmers, is memory management. Each process runs under the illusion that it has an address space (a valid range of memory addresses) to call its own.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • Note that specific application protocols such as FTP, DNS or HTTP are implemented by user-level programs and aren't part of the kernel.
  • the kernel provides a large collection of modules that know how to handle the low-level details of talking to hardware devices - how to read a sector from a disk, how to retrieve a packet from a network interface card and so on. These are sometimes called device drivers.
  • In contrast, modern Linux kernels are modular: a lot of the functionality is contained in modules that are loaded into the kernel dynamically.
  • This keeps the core of the kernel small and makes it possible to load or replace modules in a running kernel without rebooting.
  • This tells modprobe to include the probe_mask=1 option every time it loads the snd-hda-intel module. Some recent Linux distrubutions split this information up into multiple files under /etc/modprobe.d rather than putting it all in modprobe.conf.
Parin Sharma

niyam: GnuLinux - 0 views

www.niyam.com/...whitepaper.php

FOSS Digital Divide

shared by Parin Sharma on 22 Oct 09 - Cached
  • Guerrilla-Warfarefor Gyaan Date: 09 February 2004. Version: 0.1. License: FDL (www.gnu.org) Copyright 2004 Niyam Bhushan. www.niyam.com. Published under the Free Documentation License (FDL). More info about FDL at www.gnu.org Why is free software, that is both muft and mukt, not being adopted so widely and rapidly in schools and colleges across India? Please do a google-search for the phrase 'project shiksha and linux'. You
  • In Hindi, 'Gyaan' means 'Knowledge' but the word has roots in sanskrit, where it also is the root for both knowledge and meditative-awareness. Interestingly the same sanskrit word travelled to Japan, some believe in the days of Bodhidharma, and became the word 'Zen'.
  • Which is sad, because muft and mukt software can create a revolution in education today. It significantly lowers the entry-level price, thereby bridging the huge digital divide in India. IT students can learn how software truly works, as they have the freedom to study its source. A growing collection of muft and mukt software is available for all disciplines of education, at all levels. This helps further knowledge without penalizing educators and students. Most importantly, FLOSS in education ushers in a new value system in society: of building communities, creating and sharing wealth and knowledge. Indeed, FLOSS brings freedom to knowledge
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